G60 refers to an inline-four
cylinderA cylinder is the central working part of a reciprocating engine, the space in which a piston travels. Multiple cylinders are commonly arranged side by side in a bank, or engine block, which is typically cast from aluminum or cast iron before precision features are machined into it...
automobileAn automobile, motor car or car is a wheeled motor vehicle used for transporting passengers, which also carries its own engine or motor...
petrol engineA petrol engine is an internal combustion engine with spark-ignition, designed to run on petrol and similar volatile fuels....
, which uses a specific method of
forced inductionForced induction is a term used to describe internal combustion engines that are not naturally aspirated. A gas compressor is added to the air intake instead, thereby increasing the quantity of oxygen available for combustion...
- by way of a specific type of
superchargerA supercharger is an air compressor used for forced induction of an internal combustion engine. The greater mass flow-rate provides more oxygen to support combustion than would be available in a naturally-aspirated engine, which allows more fuel to be provided and more work to be done per cycle,...
. The G60 engine was formerly manufactured by the
GermanGermany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium,...
carmakerThe automotive industry designs, develops, manufactures, markets, and sells the world's motor vehicles. In 2008, more than 70 million motor vehicles, including cars and commercial vehicles were produced worldwide....
Volkswagen GroupVolkswagen Group is a German automobile manufacturing group, currently the third largest automobile maker in the world, and the largest in Europe...
, and was installed in a limited number and range of '
hot hatchHot hatch was originally an informal automotive industry term, shortened from hot hatchback, initially coined by the European motoring press, for a high-performance derivative of a car body style consisting of a three- or five-door hatchback automobile...
' cars from their
Volkswagen Passenger CarsThe Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft , also known as Volkswagen Group or as VW, is an automobile manufacturer and mobility organisation based in Wolfsburg, Lower Saxony, Germany and is the pioneer brand within the Volkswagen Group, which contains the car brands Audi AG, Bentley Motors Ltd.,...
marqueA marque is a brand name, especially in the automobile industry. For example, Chevrolet and Buick are marques of their maker, General Motors . A company may have many marques: GM has used more than a dozen in the North American market alone.-Differentiation:There are huge economies of scale in...
from August 1988 to July 1993.
A smaller
G40 engine of identical design had earlier been installed in the
Mk2 Volkswagen PoloThe Volkswagen Polo Mk2 is the second generation of the Volkswagen Polo supermini, it was produced from late 1981 until 1994.-Polo Mark 2:...
Coupé GT G40The Volkswagen Polo Mk2 and Polo Mk2F were available as supercharged G40 models - called the Volkswagen Polo G40 .-Mk2:...
from August 1986 to July 1994.
Design and specifications
The
G60 is a 1.8
litreThe litre or liter is a unit of volume. There are two official symbols: the Latin letter L in lower and upper case . The lower case L is also often written as a cursive ℓ, though this symbol has no official approval by any international bureau...
internal combustion engineThe internal combustion engine is an engine in which the combustion of a fuel occurs with an oxidizer in a combustion chamber. In an internal combustion engine the expansion of the high temperature and pressure gases, which are produced by the combustion, directly applies force to a movable...
, which
displacesEngine displacement is the volume swept by all the pistons inside the cylinders of an internal combustion engine in a single movement from top dead centre to bottom dead centre . It is commonly specified in cubic centimeters , litres , or cubic inches...
from a cylinder bore of 81.0 milimetres, and a piston stroke of 86.4 milimetres. Its
cylinder blockThe cylinder block or engine block is a machined casting containing cylindrically bored holes for the pistons of a multi-cylinder reciprocating internal combustion engine, or for a similarly constructed device such as a pump...
is constructed from
greyGray iron, or grey iron, was the original "cast iron". It is an alloy of carbon , silicon and iron and contains 1.7 to 4.5% carbon and 1 to 3% silicon....
cast ironCast iron usually refers to grey iron, but also identifies a large group of ferrous alloys, which solidify with a eutectic. The colour of a fractured surface can be used to identify an alloy. White cast iron is named after its white surface when fractured, due to its carbide impurities which...
, and its
cylinder headIn an internal combustion engine, the cylinder head sits above the cylinders and consists of a platform containing part of the combustion chamber and the location of the valves and spark plugs...
is
castIn metalworking, casting involves pouring a liquid metal into a mold, which contains a hollow cavity of the desired shape, and then is allowed to solidify. The solidified part is also known as a casting, which is ejected or broken out of the mold to complete the process...
aluminium alloyAluminium alloys are mixtures of aluminium with other metals , often with copper, zinc, manganese, silicon, or magnesium. They are much lighter and more corrosion resistant than plain carbon steel, but not as corrosion resistant as pure aluminium...
, with additional post-production heat treatment. The
crankcaseIn an internal combustion engine, the crankcase is the housing for the crankshaft. The enclosure forms the largest cavity in the engine and is located below the cylinder block....
contains a
forgeA forge is the workplace of a smith or a blacksmith. A forge is sometimes referred to as a smithy.The basic smithy contains a forge, also known as a hearth, for heating metals. The forge heats the workpiece to a malleable temperature or to the point where work hardening no longer occurs. The...
d
steelSteel is an alloy consisting mostly of iron, with a carbon content between 0.2% and 2.1% by weight, depending on the grade. Carbon is the most cost-effective alloying material for iron, but various other alloying elements are used such as manganese, chromium, vanadium, and tungsten...
crankshaftThe crankshaft, sometimes casually abbreviated to crank, is the part of an engine which translates reciprocating linear piston motion into rotation...
which runs in five
main bearingIn a piston engine, the main bearings are the bearings on which the crankshaft rotates, usually plain or journal bearings.All engines have a minimum of two main bearings, one at each end of the crankshaft, and they may have as many as one more than the number of crank pins...
s, and cast
pistonA piston is a component of reciprocating engines, pumps and gas compressors. It is located in a cylinder and is made gas-tight by piston rings. In an engine, its purpose is to transfer force from expanding gas in the cylinder to the crankshaft via a piston rod and/or connecting rod...
s with increased size gudgeon pins. It has two valves per cylinder (eight valves in total), which are operated by a
toothed beltA timing belt, or cam belt is a part of an internal combustion engine that controls the timing of the engine's valves. Some engines, like the flat-4 Volkswagen air cooled engine, use timing gears. The term "timing belt" is also used for the more general case of any flat belt with integral teeth...
-driven forged steel single overhead camshaft (SOHC) via
hydraulicHydraulics is a topic in applied science and engineering dealing with the mechanical properties of liquids. Fluid mechanics provides the theoretical foundation for hydraulics, which focuses on the engineering uses of fluid properties. In fluid power, hydraulics is used for the generation, control,...
valve lifters, with the valves being closed by two
concentricConcentric objects share the same center, axis or origin with one inside the other. Circles, tubes, cylindrical shafts, disks, and spheres may be concentric to one another...
valve
springsA spring is an elastic object used to store mechanical energy. Springs are usually made out of hardened steel. Small springs can be wound from pre-hardened stock, while larger ones are made from annealed steel and hardened after fabrication...
. Charged air is cooled via an
intercoolerAn intercooler , or charge air cooler, is an air-to-air or air-to-liquid heat exchange device used on turbocharged and supercharged internal combustion engines to improve their volumetric efficiency by increasing intake air charge density through nearly isobaric cooling...
, and the operation and control of the engine is managed by a
BoschRobert Bosch GmbH is a German diversified technology-based corporation which was started in 1886 by Robert Bosch in Stuttgart, Germany.Robert Bosch GmbH is the world's largest supplier of automobile components and has business relationships with virtually every automobile company in the world. The...
DigifantThe Digifant engine management system is an electronic engine control unit , which monitors and controls the fuel injection and ignition systems in petrol engines, designed by Volkswagen Group , in cooperation with Robert Bosch GmbH .Digifant is the outgrowth of the Digijet fuel injection system...
engine control unitAn engine control unit , also known as power-train control module , is a type of electronic control unit that determines the amount of fuel, ignition timing and other parameters an internal combustion engine needs to keep running...
, which includes
common railCommon rail direct fuel injection is a modern variant of direct fuel injection system for petrol and diesel engines.On diesel engines, it features a high-pressure fuel rail feeding individual solenoid valves, as opposed to low-pressure fuel pump feeding unit injectors...
electronic multi-point
fuel injectionFuel injection is a system for mixing fuel with air in an internal combustion engine. It has become the primary fuel delivery system used in gasoline automotive engines, having almost completely replaced carburetors in the late 1980s....
and a
knockKnocking in spark-ignition internal combustion engines occurs when combustion of the air/fuel mixture in the cylinder starts off correctly in response to ignition by the spark plug, but one or more pockets of air/fuel mixture explode outside the envelope of the normal combustion front...
sensor. It produced a maximum rated
motiveIn thermodynamics, motive power is an agency, as water or steam, used to impart motion. Generally, motive power is defined as a natural agent, as water, steam, wind, electricity, etc., used to impart motion to machinery; a motor; a mover. The term may also define something, as a locomotive or a...
powerIn physics, power is the rate at which work is performed or energy is converted. It is an energy per unit of time. As a rate of change of work done or the energy of a subsystem, power iswhere P is power, W is work and t is time....
output of at 5,800
revolutions per minuteRevolutions per minute is a unit of frequency of rotation: the number of full rotations completed in one minute around a fixed axis...
(rpm), and could generate a turning force
torqueTorque, also called moment or moment of force , is the tendency of a force to rotate an object about an axis, fulcrum, or pivot. Just as a force is a push or a pull, a torque can be thought of as a twist....
of at 4,000 rpm.
Although it was based on an existing
Volkswagen GroupVolkswagen Group is a German automobile manufacturing group, currently the third largest automobile maker in the world, and the largest in Europe...
(VWAG) engine from their EA111 series, it underwent so many modifications, it is usually regarded as a separate powerplant from others which VWAG produced. It was named after the intricate "
G-LaderThe G-Lader is a scroll-type supercharger used in various Volkswagen models. Its purpose is to increase the motive power output from the internal combustion engine attainable with a given engine displacement. Since it is not enough simply to inject more fuel, as this produces too rich an air-fuel...
"
magnesiumMagnesium is a chemical element with the symbol Mg, atomic number 12 and common oxidation number +2. It is an alkaline earth metal and the eighth most abundant element in the earth's crust by mass, although ninth in the Universe as a whole...
-cased supercharger that it was mated to - this supercharger having a diameter inlet, hence the "G60" moniker. It utilised a side mounted intercooler (SMIC), positioned in front of the left front wheel, to lower the temperature of the compressed charged engine intake air.
The G60 engine was developed from the earlier, smaller version, called the
G40 1.3 litre engine. This displaced from a bore of 75.0 milimetres, and a stroke of 72.0 milimetres. The G40s supercharger had an inlet diameter of , hence the "G40" name. This G40 engine produced a maximum power of at 5,500 rpm, and torque of at 3,500 rpm.
Applications
The original "
G-LaderThe G-Lader is a scroll-type supercharger used in various Volkswagen models. Its purpose is to increase the motive power output from the internal combustion engine attainable with a given engine displacement. Since it is not enough simply to inject more fuel, as this produces too rich an air-fuel...
" engine, the smaller version of the G60 engine, called the
G40, was previously used in the
Mk2 Volkswagen PoloThe Volkswagen Polo Mk2 is the second generation of the Volkswagen Polo supermini, it was produced from late 1981 until 1994.-Polo Mark 2:...
Coupé GT G40The Volkswagen Polo Mk2 and Polo Mk2F were available as supercharged G40 models - called the Volkswagen Polo G40 .-Mk2:...
supermini. The G40 engine could propel this nervous little car to a top speed of .
The larger
G60 engine debuted in August 1988 in the B3 Volkswagen Passat G60 saloon, and the
Mk2 Volkswagen Golf G60The Volkswagen Golf Mk2 succeeded the Mk1 as Volkswagen's volume seller from 1983 and remained in production until late 1991. In comparison to its predecessor, its wheelbase grew slightly , as did exterior dimensions . Weight was up accordingly by about...
hatchbackHatchback is a term designating an automobile design, containing a passenger cabin with an integrated cargo space, accessed from behind the vehicle by a single, top-hinged tailgate or large flip-up window...
. In the Golf G60, it was capable of propelling the car from standstill to in 7.8
secondThe second , sometimes abbreviated sec., is the name of a unit of time, and is the International System of Units base unit of time...
s, reaching a top speed of .
A month later, in September 1988, the
Volkswagen Corrado G60The Volkswagen Corrado is a hatchback coupé developed by German automaker Volkswagen and built by Karmann in Osnabrück, Germany between 1988 and 1995.Conceived as a successor to the successful Scirocco, it is a three-door hatchback with a 2+2 seating layout...
was released. Performance figures for the Corrado G60 indicate that the standard discipline of sprinting from rest to took 8.3 seconds, and had a maximum speed of .
In the
United StatesThe United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
, the G60 engine was used only in the Corrado, and this was dropped in 1992 in favour of the newer, more powerful
VR6 engineThe VR6 engine is an internal combustion engine configuration, consisting of six cylinders. It was developed by the German automotive industry conglomerate and holding company - Volkswagen Group in the late 1980s, and is still produced by them today....
.
A limited-production,
four-wheel driveFour-wheel drive, 4WD, 4x4 , or AWD is a four-wheeled vehicle with a drivetrain that allows all four wheels to receive torque from the engine simultaneously...
(4WD) '
Synchro4motion is a registered trademark of Volkswagen Group , used for naming specific cars which utilise four-wheel drive systems, used exclusively on Volkswagen Passenger Cars-branded automobiles....
' variant of the Golf G60, called the 'Golf Rallye' was also powered by the eight-valve G60, but the engine was reduced to for sports
homologationHomologation is a technical term, derived from the Greek homologeo for "to agree", which is generally used in English to signify the granting of approval by an official authority...
purposes. It included a larger intercooler, which is mounted across the full width of the radiator. Power remained .
A
16-valveIn automotive engineering, an engine is referred to as multi-valve when each cylinder has more than two valves. Such designs have been around since at least 1912 and perhaps earlier....
G60 engine was used in the ultra-rare 'Golf Limited', of which only 71 were produced, all with
four-wheel driveFour-wheel drive, 4WD, 4x4 , or AWD is a four-wheeled vehicle with a drivetrain that allows all four wheels to receive torque from the engine simultaneously...
. Power was raised to , and the car could now accelerate to in 6.4 seconds, an could go on to reach an impressive top speed of .
The G60 engine, like any supercharged or
turbochargedA turbocharger, or turbo, is a gas compressor that is used for forced-induction of an internal combustion engine. A form of supercharger, the purpose of a turbocharger is to increase the density of air entering the engine to create more power...
engine, was sensitive to high air temperatures, so engine performance very much depended on the weather conditions. Some models, like the Corrado, or even some variants of the Golf Rallye, had a bigger, better-placed
intercoolerAn intercooler , or charge air cooler, is an air-to-air or air-to-liquid heat exchange device used on turbocharged and supercharged internal combustion engines to improve their volumetric efficiency by increasing intake air charge density through nearly isobaric cooling...
, resulting in increased, and more consistent performance compared to the standard placed intercooler.
Although there is no recommendation from Volkswagen, the supercharger compressor should be serviced every , otherwise an expensive repair could be likely.
VW engine ID codes
| all Volkswagen G-Lader The G-Lader is a scroll-type supercharger used in various Volkswagen models. Its purpose is to increase the motive power output from the internal combustion engine attainable with a given engine displacement. Since it is not enough simply to inject more fuel, as this produces too rich an air-fuel...
internal combustion engineThe internal combustion engine is an engine in which the combustion of a fuel occurs with an oxidizer in a combustion chamber. In an internal combustion engine the expansion of the high temperature and pressure gases, which are produced by the combustion, directly applies force to a movable...
s are inline four cylinder SOHC designs
operate on the four-stroke cycle with electronic multi-point fuel injectionFuel injection is a system for mixing fuel with air in an internal combustion engine. It has become the primary fuel delivery system used in gasoline automotive engines, having almost completely replaced carburetors in the late 1980s....
, are water cooled, and use a G-Lader superchargerA supercharger is an air compressor used for forced induction of an internal combustion engine. The greater mass flow-rate provides more oxygen to support combustion than would be available in a naturally-aspirated engine, which allows more fuel to be provided and more work to be done per cycle,...
|
engine
ID code | displacement Engine displacement is the volume swept by all the pistons inside the cylinders of an internal combustion engine in a single movement from top dead centre to bottom dead centre . It is commonly specified in cubic centimeters , litres , or cubic inches...
, valvetrainA traditional reciprocating internal combustion engine uses valves to control air and fuel flow into and out of the cylinders, facilitating combustion....
,
engine management | max. power In thermodynamics, motive power is an agency, as water or steam, used to impart motion. Generally, motive power is defined as a natural agent, as water, steam, wind, electricity, etc., used to impart motion to machinery; a motor; a mover. The term may also define something, as a locomotive or a...
@ rpmRevolutions per minute is a unit of frequency of rotation: the number of full rotations completed in one minute around a fixed axis...
| max. torqueTorque, also called moment or moment of force , is the tendency of a force to rotate an object about an axis, fulcrum, or pivot. Just as a force is a push or a pull, a torque can be thought of as a twist....
@ rpm | applications | years
installed |
|---|
petrol engineA petrol engine is an internal combustion engine with spark-ignition, designed to run on petrol and similar volatile fuels....
s |
| G40 PY |
1272 cc A cubic centimetre or cubic centimeter is a commonly used unit of volume extending the derived SI-unit cubic metre and corresponds to the volume of a cube measuring 1×1×1 cm...
, 8v single overhead camshaft (SOHC),
BoschRobert Bosch GmbH is a German diversified technology-based corporation which was started in 1886 by Robert Bosch in Stuttgart, Germany.Robert Bosch GmbH is the world's largest supplier of automobile components and has business relationships with virtually every automobile company in the world. The...
DigifantThe Digifant engine management system is an electronic engine control unit , which monitors and controls the fuel injection and ignition systems in petrol engines, designed by Volkswagen Group , in cooperation with Robert Bosch GmbH .Digifant is the outgrowth of the Digijet fuel injection system...
electronic engine control unitAn engine control unit , also known as power-train control module , is a type of electronic control unit that determines the amount of fuel, ignition timing and other parameters an internal combustion engine needs to keep running...
|
@ 5,500 |
@ 3,500 |
VW Polo Mk2The Volkswagen Polo Mk2 is the second generation of the Volkswagen Polo supermini, it was produced from late 1981 until 1994.-Polo Mark 2:...
GT G40The Volkswagen Polo Mk2 and Polo Mk2F were available as supercharged G40 models - called the Volkswagen Polo G40 .-Mk2:...
|
08/86-07/94 |
| G60 1H |
1763 cc, 8v single overhead camshaft (SOHC),
Bosch Digifant electronic engine control unit |
@ 5,800 |
@ 4,000 |
VW Golf Mk2 G60The Volkswagen Golf Mk2 succeeded the Mk1 as Volkswagen's volume seller from 1983 and remained in production until late 1991. In comparison to its predecessor, its wheelbase grew slightly , as did exterior dimensions . Weight was up accordingly by about...
|
08/88-07/89 |
| G60 PG |
1781 cc, 8v single overhead camshaft (SOHC),
Bosch Digifant electronic engine control unit |
| |
VW Passat (B3) G60 |
08/88-07/89 |
| G60 PG |
1781 cc, 8v single overhead camshaft (SOHC),
Bosch Digifant electronic engine control unit |
@ 5,800 |
@ 4,000 |
VW Golf Mk2 G60
VW Passat (B3) G60
VW Corrado G60The Volkswagen Corrado is a hatchback coupé developed by German automaker Volkswagen and built by Karmann in Osnabrück, Germany between 1988 and 1995.Conceived as a successor to the successful Scirocco, it is a three-door hatchback with a 2+2 seating layout...
|
08/88-07/91
08/88-07/93
09/88-07/93 |
| G60 ?? |
1781 cc, 16vIn automotive engineering, an engine is referred to as multi-valve when each cylinder has more than two valves. Such designs have been around since at least 1912 and perhaps earlier....
single overhead camshaft (SOHC),
Bosch Digifant electronic engine control unit |
@ 6,300 |
|
VW Golf Mk2 LimitedThe Volkswagen Golf Mk2 succeeded the Mk1 as Volkswagen's volume seller from 1983 and remained in production until late 1991. In comparison to its predecessor, its wheelbase grew slightly , as did exterior dimensions . Weight was up accordingly by about...
Synchro 4WD4motion is a registered trademark of Volkswagen Group , used for naming specific cars which utilise four-wheel drive systems, used exclusively on Volkswagen Passenger Cars-branded automobiles....
|
???? |
Future use of technology
Whilst it may seem a long period of time since the last
VolkswagenThe Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft , also known as Volkswagen Group or as VW, is an automobile manufacturer and mobility organisation based in Wolfsburg, Lower Saxony, Germany and is the pioneer brand within the Volkswagen Group, which contains the car brands Audi AG, Bentley Motors Ltd.,...
engine with the
G-LaderThe G-Lader is a scroll-type supercharger used in various Volkswagen models. Its purpose is to increase the motive power output from the internal combustion engine attainable with a given engine displacement. Since it is not enough simply to inject more fuel, as this produces too rich an air-fuel...
superchargerA supercharger is an air compressor used for forced induction of an internal combustion engine. The greater mass flow-rate provides more oxygen to support combustion than would be available in a naturally-aspirated engine, which allows more fuel to be provided and more work to be done per cycle,...
was installed in a Polo in 1994,
Volkswagen GroupVolkswagen Group is a German automobile manufacturing group, currently the third largest automobile maker in the world, and the largest in Europe...
have been thoroughly utilising the
forced inductionForced induction is a term used to describe internal combustion engines that are not naturally aspirated. A gas compressor is added to the air intake instead, thereby increasing the quantity of oxygen available for combustion...
knowledge learned from these G40 and G60 engines.
Diesel engines
Volkswagen Group now have a long-established 'knowledge base' from both forms of
forced inductionForced induction is a term used to describe internal combustion engines that are not naturally aspirated. A gas compressor is added to the air intake instead, thereby increasing the quantity of oxygen available for combustion...
. They first utilised this technology with
turbochargerA turbocharger, or turbo, is a gas compressor that is used for forced-induction of an internal combustion engine. A form of supercharger, the purpose of a turbocharger is to increase the density of air entering the engine to create more power...
s in their
TurboDieselTurbodiesel refers to any diesel engine with a turbocharger. Turbocharging is the norm rather than the exception in modern car and truck diesel engines...
'TD' engines. This then evolved into their highly regarded range of
Turbocharged Direct InjectionTurbocharged Direct Injection is the technology used to describe and name modern turbocharged diesel engines produced by Volkswagen Group, and widely used in all marques of passenger cars and light commercial vehicles produced by the company .TDI is a registered trademark of Volkswagen...
'TDI'
diesel engineA diesel engine is an internal combustion engine that uses the heat of compression to initiate ignition to burn the fuel, which is injected into the combustion chamber during the final stage of compression...
s, which are now available throughout virtally every car in the Volkswagen Group. Variants of their TDI engine have recently been used to great success in long-endurance
sports car racingSports car racing is a form of circuit auto racing with automobiles that have two seats and enclosed wheels. They may be purpose-built or related to road-going sports cars....
, including the first diesel-powered victory at the
24 Hours of Le MansThe 24 Hours of Le Mans is the world's oldest sports car race in endurance racing, held annually since near the town of Le Mans, Sarthe, France...
, at the cars first attempt. Turbochargers on diesel engines are now seen as the norm, from all automotive manufacturers, and it is rare to find an automotive diesel engine without turbocharged forced induction, which was so successfully pioneered by Volkswagen Group.
Turbochargers
Turbochargers have also been of great benefit to recent
petrol engineA petrol engine is an internal combustion engine with spark-ignition, designed to run on petrol and similar volatile fuels....
s in the Volkswagen Group. Probably their most famous and widely used engine is their highly popular
AudiAUDI AG, is a German company which produces luxury cars under the Audi brand, . It is part of the Volkswagen Group. The name Audi is based on a Latin translation of the surname of the founder August Horch, itself the German word for “listen!"Audi is headquartered in Ingolstadt, Bavaria, Germany.It...
-developed 1.8 litre 20-valve Turbo inline-four engine. This has been used in many of their mainstream, and
high performance carsTypically describes a vehicle that has been designed with specific performance capabilities, above and beyond those of normal vehicles. Enhancements such as higher engine output , enhanced braking and suspension systems, are all hallmarks of high-performance vehicles...
; such as the original
Audi S3The Audi S3 is a hot hatch version of the Audi A3 small family car, produced by German automaker Audi since 1999. S3 variants of both the first- and second-generation Audi A3 have been produced....
and
Audi TTThe Audi TT is a sports car manufactured by German automaker Audi AG since 1998 in Győr, Hungary. It is now in its second generation — and available as a 2+2 coupé or two-seater roadster.-Origins:...
, the Mk4 VW Golf GTI, the original Škoda Octavia vRS, and the
SEAT LeónThe SEAT León is a small family car built by the Spanish car manufacturer SEAT since 1999. It uses the Volkswagen Group A platform and shares other components with the Volkswagen Golf, Volkswagen Jetta, Audi TT, Audi A3 and Škoda Octavia....
Cupra R. This strong and highly tuneable engine has won many prestigious awards, and is highly regarded by professional engine tuners and
motorsportsAutomobile racing is a motorsport involving racing cars. It is one of the world's most watched television sports.- The beginning of racing:...
teams. Furthermore, this same engine is used in a very high state of tune in the one-make
Formula Palmer AudiFormula Palmer Audi, commonly known as Palmer Audi or FPA, is a form of open wheel racing founded in 1998 by former Formula One driver, Jonathan Palmer. It is based in the United Kingdom , and has a high proportion of British drivers and venues, but it also features international drivers and races...
(FPA)
open-wheeledOpen-wheel car, formula car, or often single-seater car in British English, describes cars with the wheels outside the car's main body and, in most cases, one seat. Open-wheel cars contrast with street cars, sports cars, stock cars, and touring cars, which have their wheels below the body or fenders...
racing series.
Volkswagen Groups' current range of Audi-developed
Fuel Stratified InjectionIn internal combustion engines, gasoline direct injection is a latest variant of fuel injection employed in modern two- and four- stroke petrol engines...
engines, again award winning, and again winning at Le Mans - continue to champion the turbocharger in petrol engines, and also include
cylinderA cylinder is the central working part of a reciprocating engine, the space in which a piston travels. Multiple cylinders are commonly arranged side by side in a bank, or engine block, which is typically cast from aluminum or cast iron before precision features are machined into it...
-direct
fuel injectionFuel injection is a system for mixing fuel with air in an internal combustion engine. It has become the primary fuel delivery system used in gasoline automotive engines, having almost completely replaced carburetors in the late 1980s....
, making them not only powerful, but now also very fuel efficient.
Audi-developed straight-fives (including the 232 kW 2.2 Turbo from the
Audi RS2 AvantThe Audi RS2 Avant was a limited edition, high performance Audi five-door, five-seat estate car , manufactured from March 1994 to July 1995...
),
V6sA V6 engine is a V engine with six cylinders mounted on the crankcase in two banks of three cylinders, usually set at either a right angle or an acute angle to each other, with all six pistons driving a common crankshaft...
(the B5 Audi RS4 280 kW 2.7 T V6), and even
V8 engineA V8 engine is a V engine with eight cylinders mounted on the crankcase in two banks of four cylinders, in most cases set at a right angle to each other but sometimes at a narrower angle, with all eight pistons driving a common crankshaft....
s (the C5 Audi RS6 331-353 kW 4.2 V8), the latter two as '
biturboTwin-turbo refers to a turbocharged engine on which two turbochargers compress the intake charge. There are two commonly used twin turbo configurations; parallel twin-turbo, and sequential twin-turbo...
's, have successfully used turbos. Current 'large capacity' Volkswagen Group users of turbos include
LamborghiniAutomobili Lamborghini S.p.A., commonly referred to as Lamborghini , is an Italian automaker based in the small township of Sant'Agata Bolognese. The company was founded in 1963 by manufacturing magnate Ferruccio Lamborghini...
-derrived Audi C6 RS6 5.0 TFSI V10 biturbo engine, and the
Bugatti VeyronThe Bugatti Veyron EB 16.4 is a mid-engine grand tourer developed by the German car-manufacturer Volkswagen and produced by the Volkswagen-brand Bugatti Automobiles SAS at their headquarters in Château St. Jean in Molsheim , and whose production and development is often credited to Ferdinand Karl...
8.0 litre 736 kW sixteen cylinder 'quad-turbo' engine, which can achieve an astonishing (for a road-legal car) top speed of !
Superchargers
The
superchargerA supercharger is an air compressor used for forced induction of an internal combustion engine. The greater mass flow-rate provides more oxygen to support combustion than would be available in a naturally-aspirated engine, which allows more fuel to be provided and more work to be done per cycle,...
has also seen a recent return in a
petrol engineA petrol engine is an internal combustion engine with spark-ignition, designed to run on petrol and similar volatile fuels....
. First announced at the 2005 Frankfurt Motor Show, Volkswagen released the 1.4 litre TSI 'Twincharger' engine - which uses both a turbocharger,
and an
EatonEaton Corporation is a diversified industrial manufacturer with 2008 sales of $15.4 billion...
fifth-generation
RootsThe Roots type supercharger or Roots blower is a positive displacement pump which operates by pulling air through a pair of meshing lobes not unlike a set of stretched gears. Air is trapped in pockets surrounding the lobes and carried from the intake side to the exhaust...
-type positive displacement supercharger. Dependent on the state of tune, power output from this relatively diminutive engine ranges from , and can rise to - which puts it on a par with a conventionally aspirated 2.3 litre engine. And once again, another Volkswagen Group engine winning a highly prestigious award, this time the "
International Engine of the YearThe International Engine of the Year is an annual competition judged by a panel of automobile journalists from around the world and organized by the United Kingdom's largest technical motoring publication company. The competition was started in 1999 and has become a prestigious award.-Annual...
".
And for larger displacement engines, the supercharger has been fitted to an all-new
aluminium alloyAluminium alloys are mixtures of aluminium with other metals , often with copper, zinc, manganese, silicon, or magnesium. They are much lighter and more corrosion resistant than plain carbon steel, but not as corrosion resistant as pure aluminium...
90°
V6 engineA V6 engine is a V engine with six cylinders mounted on the crankcase in two banks of three cylinders, usually set at either a right angle or an acute angle to each other, with all six pistons driving a common crankshaft...
, which
displacesEngine displacement is the volume swept by all the pistons inside the cylinders of an internal combustion engine in a single movement from top dead centre to bottom dead centre . It is commonly specified in cubic centimeters , litres , or cubic inches...
. Now used in all current Audi four-door saloons and five-door Avants (Audi's name for an
estate carA station wagon is a passenger automobile with a body style similar to a sedan, or saloon, but with the roofline following the full, sometimes extended rear cargo area and sometimes an extra row of sometimes rear-facing seats, ending with a more vertical door than on a hatchback.Also sometimes...
) - from the
Audi A4The Audi A4 is a compact executive car produced by the German car manufacturer Audi AG since late 1994. The initial generation A4 succeeded the four previous generations of the Audi 80...
upwards, along with the two-door
Audi A5The Audi A5 is a executive or full-size car produced by the German automobile manufacturer Audi since 2007. It is essentially the two-door coupé and cabriolet versions of the fourth generation A4 saloon and Avant....
coupé - it uses an all-new Eaton
'Twin Vortices Series' (TVS)The TVS Supercharger is an automotive supercharger that was developed by Eaton Corporation to improve on all existing types superchargers. The TVS acronym stands for Twin Vortices Series....
Roots-type positive displacement compressor. This new blower features twin four-lobe rotors which are twisted 160-degrees. It is mounted on top of the engine within the 'Vee', pumping air directly into the inlet manifold. This new design of supercharger is said to reduce the
noise, vibration, and harshnessNoise, vibration, and harshness , also known as noise and vibration , is the study and modification of the noise and vibration characteristics of vehicles, particularly cars and trucks...
(NVH) of the engine. In 'standard' tune, this engine produces at 4,850-6,500 rpm, and at 2,500-4,800 rpm. However, a higher performance variant is fitted to the latest B8 Audi S4, and in this car, produces at 5,500-7,000 rpm, and at 2,500-5,000 rpm - which makes this new S4 more potent than its immediate predecessor, with its 4.2 litre V8. This engine is also scheduled to be fitted to a new
hybridA hybrid vehicle is a vehicle that uses two or more distinct power sources to move the vehicle. The term most commonly refers to hybrid electric vehicles , which combine an internal combustion engine and one or more electric motors.-Power:...
version of the
Volkswagen TouaregThe Volkswagen Touareg is a mid-size luxury sport utility vehicle produced by German automaker Volkswagen Passenger Cars since 2002. It was the third sport utility vehicle from the automaker, after the much older Volkswagen 181 "Kurierwagen", and the Iltis .-Pronunciation:The correct German...
.
See also
- list of Volkswagen Group petrol engines
- list of Volkswagen Group diesel engines
- list of discontinued Volkswagen Group petrol engines
- list of discontinued Volkswagen Group diesel engines
- list of North American Volkswagen engines
- Wasserboxer
The Wasserboxer is a watercooled pushrod OHV horizontally opposed petrol engine developed by Volkswagen. This engine is unique to the Vanagon, having never been used in any other vehicle.1.9 litre engines:...
- VR6 engine
The VR6 engine is an internal combustion engine configuration, consisting of six cylinders. It was developed by the German automotive industry conglomerate and holding company - Volkswagen Group in the late 1980s, and is still produced by them today....
- Turbocharged Direct Injection
Turbocharged Direct Injection is the technology used to describe and name modern turbocharged diesel engines produced by Volkswagen Group, and widely used in all marques of passenger cars and light commercial vehicles produced by the company .TDI is a registered trademark of Volkswagen...
(TDI)
- Suction Diesel Injection
Suction Diesel Injection is a design of naturally aspirated diesel engine developed and produced by the Volkswagen Group for use in cars, vans, sailboats and a variety of industrial applications...
(SDI)
- BlueMotion
BlueMotion is a tradename for fuel-efficient automobile models from the Volkswagen Group....
- list of Volkswagen Group platforms
External links