(previously
Frederiksstad) (literally
Fredrik's Town) is a
city and
municipality|Norway is divided into 19 administrative regions, called counties , and 430 municipalities...
in
Østfoldis a county in southeastern Norway, bordering Akershus and southwestern Sweden , while Buskerud and Vestfold is on the other side of the bay. The county administration is in Sarpsborg, and Fredrikstad is the largest city....
county||-|Norway is divided into 19 administrative regions, called counties . The counties form the primary first-level subdivisions of Norway and are further divided into 431 municipalities...
,
NorwayNorway , officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a country in Northern Europe occupying the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, as well as Jan Mayen and the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard under the Spitsbergen Treaty...
. The administrative centre of the municipality is the city of Fredrikstad.
The city of Fredrikstad was founded in 1567 by
King Frederik IIFrederick II , King of Denmark-Norway and duke of Schleswig from 1559 until his death. He was the son of King Christian III of Denmark and Norway and Dorothea of Saxe-Lauenburg....
, and established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see
formannskapsdistriktFormannskapsdistrikt was the name for a Norwegian local self-government districts put into force in 1838. This system of municipality was created in a bill approved by the Storting and signed into law by King Carl Johan on 14 January 1837...
). The rural municipality of
GlemmenGlemmen is a former municipality in Østfold county, Norway.The parish of Glemminge was established as a municipality 1 January 1838 . A part of Glemmen with 2,013 inhabitants was moved to Fredrikstad 1 January 1867. The island of Kråkerøy was separated from Glemmen to form a municipality of its own...
was merged with Fredrikstad on 1 January 1964.
(previously
Frederiksstad) (literally
Fredrik's Town) is a
city and
municipality|Norway is divided into 19 administrative regions, called counties , and 430 municipalities...
in
Østfoldis a county in southeastern Norway, bordering Akershus and southwestern Sweden , while Buskerud and Vestfold is on the other side of the bay. The county administration is in Sarpsborg, and Fredrikstad is the largest city....
county||-|Norway is divided into 19 administrative regions, called counties . The counties form the primary first-level subdivisions of Norway and are further divided into 431 municipalities...
,
NorwayNorway , officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a country in Northern Europe occupying the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, as well as Jan Mayen and the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard under the Spitsbergen Treaty...
. The administrative centre of the municipality is the city of Fredrikstad.
The city of Fredrikstad was founded in 1567 by
King Frederik IIFrederick II , King of Denmark-Norway and duke of Schleswig from 1559 until his death. He was the son of King Christian III of Denmark and Norway and Dorothea of Saxe-Lauenburg....
, and established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see
formannskapsdistriktFormannskapsdistrikt was the name for a Norwegian local self-government districts put into force in 1838. This system of municipality was created in a bill approved by the Storting and signed into law by King Carl Johan on 14 January 1837...
). The rural municipality of
GlemmenGlemmen is a former municipality in Østfold county, Norway.The parish of Glemminge was established as a municipality 1 January 1838 . A part of Glemmen with 2,013 inhabitants was moved to Fredrikstad 1 January 1867. The island of Kråkerøy was separated from Glemmen to form a municipality of its own...
was merged with Fredrikstad on 1 January 1964. The rural municipalities of
BorgeBorge is a former municipality in Østfold county, Norway.The parish of Borge was established as a municipality January 1, 1838 . The district of Torsnes was separated from Borge as a municipality of its own January 1, 1910...
,
OnsøyOnsøy is a peninsula and a former municipality in Østfold county, Norway. The administrative centre was Gressvik.The parish of Onsø was established as a municipality January 1, 1838...
,
KråkerøyKråkerøy is an island and a former municipality in Østfold county, Norway.The island of Kråkerøy was separated from Glemmen as a municipality of its own January 1, 1908. At that time Kråkerøy had a population of 3,311. The rural municipality was merged with the city of Fredrikstad January 1, 1994...
, and
RolvsøyRolvsøy is an island and a former municipality in Østfold county, Norway.It was created by a split from Tune on 1 January 1911. At that time Rolvsøy had a population of 2,381....
were merged with Fredrikstad on 1 January 1994.
The city straddles the
riverA river is a natural watercourse, usually freshwater, flowing toward an ocean, a lake, a sea or another river. In a few cases, a river simply flows into the ground or dries up completely before reaching another body of water...
GlommaGlomma, also known as Glåma is the longest and largest river in Norway, 598 kilometers long. Its drainage basin covers fully 13% of Norway's area, all in the Southern part of Norway....
where it meets the
SkagerrakThe Skagerrak is a strait running between Norway and the southwest coast of Sweden and the Jutland peninsula of Denmark, connecting the North Sea and the Kattegat sea area, which leads to the Baltic Sea.-Name:...
. Along with neighboring
Sarpsborgis a city and municipality in Østfold county, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the city of Sarpsborg.Together with Fredrikstad, Sarpsborg forms the fifth largest urban area in Norway...
, Fredrikstad forms the fifth largest city in Norway:
Fredrikstad/SarpsborgFredrikstad/Sarpsborg is an urban area consisting of the twin cities Sarpsborg and Fredrikstad, in addition to several smaller towns in between and on the outside of the core of the cities....
. As of 1 January 2008, according to
Statistics NorwayStatistics Norway is the Norwegian statistics bureau. It was established in 1876.Relying on a staff of about 1,000, Statistics Norway releases more than 800 Norwegian statistical publications every year on its web site...
, these two municipalities have a total population of 123,029 with 71,976 in Fredrikstad and 51,053 in Sarpsborg.
Fredrikstad was built at the mouth of Glomma as a replacement after Sarpsborg (15 km upstream) was burned down by the
SwedesSwedes are a Scandinavian people, mostly inhabiting Sweden and the other Nordic countries, with descendants living in a number of countries....
. Almost half the population of Sarpsborg stayed behind, and rebuilt their old town at its original site.
The city centre is on the west bank of the Glomma, while the old town on the east bank is
Northern EuropeNorthern Europe is the northern part or region of Europe. The United Nations defines Northern Europe as including the following countries and dependent regions:** ** ** Ireland** Svalbard and Jan Mayen** ** Channel Islands: and...
's best preserved
fortified townFredrikstad fortress was constructed in the city of Fredrikstad 1663-1666 by the officer Willem Coucheron and his son Anthony Coucheron following the order of the Dano-Norwegian King Frederick. The first commander was appointed 6 January 1662; he was Lieutenant Colonel Johan Eberhard Speckhan...
.
Fredrikstad used to have a large sawmill industry and was an important harbour for
timberTimber may refer to:*Lumber, i.e. wood materials* Timber, Oregon, an unincorporated community in the U.S. state of Oregon* Timber , a 1984 arcade game by Bally Midway* An alternative spelling for Timbre...
export, then later on
shipbuildingShipbuilding is the construction of ships. It normally takes place in a specialized facility known as a shipyard. Shipbuilders, also called shipwrights, follow a specialized occupation that traces its roots to before recorded history....
, until the main yard was closed in the 1980s. The main
industriesAn industry is the manufacturing of a good or service within a category. Although industry is a broad term for any kind of economic production, in economics and urban planning industry is a synonym for the secondary sector, which is a type of economic activity involved in the manufacturing of raw...
are currently various
chemicalChemistry is the science concerned with the composition, behavior, structure, and properties of matter, as well as the changes it undergoes during chemical reactions...
plants and other light industry.
In 2005, Fredrikstad was the final host port for the Tall Ships' Race, attracting thousands to the city.
Name
The city was named after the
DanishDenmark is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe and the senior member of the Kingdom of Denmark. It is the southernmost of the Nordic countries; southwest of Sweden and south of Norway, and it is bordered to the south by Germany. Denmark borders both the Baltic and the North Sea...
king Frederik II in 1569. The last element
stad means "
cityA city is a relatively large and permanent settlement, particularly a large urban settlement. Although there is no agreement on technical definitions distinguishing a city from a town within general English language meanings, many cities have a particular administrative, legal, or historical status...
".
Prior to 1877, the name was spelled
Frederiksstad, then from 1877-1888 it was written as
Fredriksstad, and finally since 1889 it has been spelled in its current form:
Fredrikstad.
Coat-of-arms
The
coat-of-armsA coat of arms, more properly called an armorial achievement, armorial bearings or often just arms for short, in European tradition, is a design belonging to a particular person and used by them in a wide variety of ways. Historically, they were used by knights to identify them apart from enemy...
is from modern times. They were granted on 21 April 1967. The old arms are based on the oldest known seal of the city, which dates from 1610. They showed a fortress being guarded by a
bearBears are mammals of the family Ursidae. Bears are classified as caniforms, or doglike carnivorans, with the pinnipeds being their closest living relatives. Although there are only eight living species of bear, they are widespread, appearing in a wide variety of habitats throughout the Northern...
. Strangely, Fredrikstad had no fortifications in 1610 (it received some at the end of the 17th century). Fredrikstad was founded by citizens of Sarpsborg and both the fortress and the bear are taken from the old arms of Sarpsborg. The composition of the seal was also used as arms since the beginning of the 19th century. The new arms were granted at the 400th anniversary of the city in 1967 and show a more modern variation on the fortress and bear.
History
After
Sarpsborgis a city and municipality in Østfold county, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the city of Sarpsborg.Together with Fredrikstad, Sarpsborg forms the fifth largest urban area in Norway...
was burned to the ground during the
Northern Seven Years' WarThe Northern Seven Years' War was the war between Sweden and a coalition of Denmark-Norway, Lübeck and Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, fought between 1563 and 1570. The fighting continued until both armies had been exhausted, and many men died...
, the ruling king, Frederick II of Denmark, decided by royal decree to rebuild the city south of the original location. This new site's proximity to the sea and the accessible open land surrounding it made it a better location than the old one. The name Fredrikstad was first used in a letter from the King dated 6 February 1569. The temporary fortification built during the
Hannibal WarThe Torstenson war, Hannibal controversy or Hannibal War was a short period of conflict between Sweden and Denmark-Norway which occurred in 1643 to 1645 during the waning days of the Thirty Years' War...
(1644-1645) between
SwedenSweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe...
and Denmark-Norway, became permanent in the 1660s.
The work on the fortifications was first led by William de Coucheron and later
Johan Caspar von CicignonMajor General Johan Caspar von Cicignon was a Luxembourgian soldier and military engineer. He spent most of his career in the service of Denmark–Norway....
. During the next 60 years, several fortifications at the
Fredrikstad FortressFredrikstad fortress was constructed in the city of Fredrikstad 1663-1666 by the officer Willem Coucheron and his son Anthony Coucheron following the order of the Dano-Norwegian King Frederick. The first commander was appointed 6 January 1662; he was Lieutenant Colonel Johan Eberhard Speckhan...
were built, including Isegran, Kongsten, and Cicignon. In 1735, a
suburbSuburbs are defined in various different ways around the world. They can be the residential areas of a large city, or separate residential communities within commuting distance of a city. Some suburbs have a degree of political autonomy, and most have lower population density than inner city...
on the western side of Glomma,
Vestsiden, was founded. This part later grew faster than
the old city, and became the dominant city centre. Most of the buildings in the old city burned down during a fire in 1764.
In the 1840s, timber exporting from Fredrikstad started to gain momentum. In the 1860s, several steam powered saws were built along the river, and in 1879 the railway reached Fredrikstad, leading to further growth. With the decline of the timber exports as a result of the modernization of wood-processing industries in the early 1900s, Fredrikstad's production changed to other types of products. It later became one of Norway's most important industrial centres, famous for its large
shipyardShipyards and dockyards are places which repair and build ships. These can be yachts, military vessels, cruise liners or other cargo or passenger ships. Dockyards are sometimes more associated with maintenance and basing activities than shipyards, which are sometimes associated more with initial...
, Fredrikstad Mekaniske Verksted.
Administrative divisions
Fredrikstad has five official administrative regions:
SentrumSentrum is an administrative region in the city of Fredrikstad, Norway. The name "Sentrum" means central, but the region itself includes several areas far away from the city centre itself. Neighbourhoods in Sentrum are: The city centre, Trosvik, Trara, Cicignon, Lisleby and Ambjørnrød....
,
BorgeBorge is an administrative region in the city of Fredrikstad, Norway. Selbak, Torp, Gamlebyen and Begby are neighbourhoods in the region....
, Rolvsøy,
KråkerøyThe borough of Kråkerøy is an administrative region in Fredrikstad, Norway....
, and Onsøy.
Sport
Fredrikstad is home to nine time Norwegian football champions Fredrikstad FK who play at the Nye Fredrikstad Stadion.
Notable residents
- Waldemar Ager
Waldemar Ager , was a Norwegian-American newspaperman and author.-Early life:...
, Norwegian-American writerA writer is anyone who creates a written work, though the word usually designates those who write creatively or professionally, as well as those who have written in many different forms.-Profession:...
- Roald Amundsen
Roald Engelbregt Gravning Amundsen was a Norwegian explorer of polar regions. He led the first Antarctic expedition to reach the South Pole between 1910 and 1912. He was also the first person to reach both the North and South Poles. He is known as the first to traverse the Northwest Passage...
, explorer of polar regionEarth's polar regions are the areas of the globe surrounding the poles also known as frigid zones. The North Pole and South Pole being the centers, these regions are dominated by the polar ice caps, resting respectively on the Arctic Ocean and the continent of Antarctica...
s
- Petronella Barker
Petronella Barker is a British-born Norwegian actress.Petronella Barker was raised in Fredrikstad. While still studying at the Theatre Academy in Oslo , she had her debut in the Russian-Norwegian co-production Dragens fange...
, Norwegian actressAn actor or actress is a person who acts in a dramatic production and who works in film, television, theatre, or radio in that capacity...
- Rebecca Birget Certa, International Academic and Member of United States Congress
The United States Congress is the bicameral legislature of the federal government of the United States of America, consisting of two houses, the Senate and the House of Representatives. Both senators and representatives are chosen through direct election....
- Jørn Christensen
Jørn Christensen is a Norwegian artist, actor, and record producer. He is known as a prominent and original guitarist of many leading Norwegian bands. Some of the more important projects have been those in conjunction with Ola Snortheim, the force behind Langsomt Mot Nord, which Christensen came...
, Norwegian artistThe definition of an artist is wide-ranging and covers a broad spectrum of activities to do with creating art, practicing the arts and/or demonstrating an art. the worlds best artist is a man named mitchell peter lay who is often loved by the ladies. The common useage in both everyday speech and...
and producer.
- Johan Caspar von Cicignon
Major General Johan Caspar von Cicignon was a Luxembourgian soldier and military engineer. He spent most of his career in the service of Denmark–Norway....
, General, engineer and city planner
- Johannes Wilhelm Christian Dietrichson
Johannes Wilhelm Christian Dietrichson was a Norwegian Lutheran Minister who play an important role in the initial establishment of the Lutheran Church in Wisconsin.-Personal life:...
, Lutheran Minister
- Tarik Elyounoussi
Tarik Elyounoussi is a Norwegian footballer playing for the Dutch football team SC Heerenveen....
, male footballer (soccer), playing for SC Heerenveensc Heerenveen is a Dutch football club currently playing in the Eredivisie.-History:sc Heerenveen was founded on July 20 1920 in the town of Heerenveen, Friesland as Athleta. They changed name twice, to Spartaan, and then to v.v. Heerenveen in 1922...
and the Norwegian national team
- Albert Andriessen Bradt
Albert Andriessen Bradt was one of the earliest Norwegian settlers in New Netherland.-Biography:Albert Andriessen Bradt was born Fredrikstad, Østfold county, Norway. He moved to Amsterdam, Netherlands at a time when commerce between Norwegian and the Dutch merchants was well established...
, Norwegian-American settler in New NetherlandNew Netherland, or Nieuw-Nederland in Dutch, was the seventeenth-century colonial province of the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands on the East Coast of North America. The claimed territories were the lands from the Delmarva Peninsula to extreme southwestern Cape Cod...
- Stephan Groth
Stephan Groth is the man behind Apoptygma Berzerk, an electronic dance music act that plays in styles such as synthpop, ebm, and futurepop...
, lead singer and founder of Apoptygma Berzerk singer
- Ragnvald Marensius Gundersen
Ragnvald Marensius Gundersen was a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party.He was born in Glemminge....
, member of Parliament and mayor of Fredrikstad 1945-1965
- Hans Nielsen Hauge
Hans Nielsen Hauge was a revivalist Norwegian lay preacher who spoke up against the Church establishment in Norway. He and his followers were persecuted in their time, though their teachings were in keeping with Lutheran doctrine...
, revivalist Norwegian preacher for the Hauge SynodThe Hauge Synod, was the name of a Norwegian Lutheran church body in the United States in the late 19th century and early 20th century. -Background:...
- Isabell Herlovsen
Isabell Herlovsen is a Norwegian footballer. She is a forward and midfielder in her club side Kolbotn Fotball.She had her first appearance for the Norwegian national team at the age of 16...
, female footballer(soccer) in the Norway national team.
- Andy LaPlegua
Andy LaPlegua, born September 15, 1975 in Fredrikstad, Norway, is founder and lead vocalist of the futurepop band Icon of Coil.- Biography :...
, Industrial Artist, CombichristCombichrist was formed in 2003 by Norwegian Andy LaPlegua as an aggrotech project.-Formation:The first material LaPlegua wrote was a few powernoise/techno crossover tracks under the moniker DRIVE. The band name was later changed to Combichrist before the debut album The Joy Of Gunz was released on...
, Icon of CoilIcon of Coil is a Norwegian electronic music band. The band was established as a solo project in 1997 by Andy LaPlegua who was joined by former Sector 9 bandmate Sebastian Komor to perform live. With the release of Shallow Nation, the band's first single, Komor joined full-time. In 2000, Christian...
, Panzer AGPanzer AG is the name of an aggrotech/industrial rock side-project by Norwegian Andy LaPlegua, the founder of futurepop band Icon of Coil. Formed in 2004, Panzer AG's sound combines Power noise, Industrial, Trance, Rock and other genres to create a caustic but danceable form of music.-History:After...
, DJ Scandy
- Katti Anker Møller
Katti Anker Møller was a Norwegian feminist, children's rights advocate, and a pioneer of reproductive rights. She is known to posterity as the "advocate of mothers."...
, feminist and advocate for reproductive rights
- Egil «Drillo» Olsen
Egil Roger Olsen , nicknamed Drillo, is a Norwegian association football coach and former Norwegian football player. He is best known as a highly successful coach of the Norwegian national football team. He has since been coach of the Iraqi national football team, his departure from which caused...
, successful manager of Norwegian national football team.
- Ole Peter Petersen
Ole Peter Petersen is credited as the founder of Methodism in Norway and co-founder of Norwegian and Danish Methodism in the United States....
, founder of MethodismMethodism is a movement of Protestant Christianity represented by a number of organizations, claiming a total of approximately seventy million adherents worldwide. The movement traces its roots to Reverend John Wesley's evangelistic revival movement in the Anglican Church. His younger brother...
in Norway
- Johan Oscar Smith
Johan Oscar Smith was a Norwegian Christian leader who founded the evangelical non-denominational fellowship now known as Brunstad Christian Church.-Early life and career:...
, Norwegian Christian leader and founder of Brunstad Christian Church
- Dennis Storhøi
Jahn Dennis Storhøi is a Norwegian actor.He is an acclaimed theatre actor in Norway, having won several awards. However, he is best known for his role as Herger the Joyous in John McTiernan's The 13th Warrior...
, Norwegian actor
- Harald Zwart
Harald Zwart is a Norwegian film director. Although born in the Netherlands, Zwart was raised in Fredrikstad and Lærdal in Norway....
, Norwegian film directorA film director, or filmmaker is a person who directs the making or production of a film. Some also consider a film producer to be a filmmaker....
- Bernt Karsten Øksendal, Norwegian mathematician
A mathematician is a person whose primary area of study and/or research is the field of mathematics. Mathematicians are concerned with particular problems related to logic, space, transformations, numbers and more general ideas which encompass these concepts...
Sister cities
The following cities are
twinnedSister cities, also known as town twinning, is an agreement between towns, cities and even counties in geographically and politically distinct areas to promote cultural and commercial ties...
with Fredrikstad: -
AalborgAalborg , sometimes written as Ålborg, is a city in Denmark. Its population, as of 2009, is 122,461, making it the fourth largest in the country after Copenhagen, Aarhus, and Odense. The earliest settlements date back to around 700 AD. Its location by the Limfjord made it an important harbour...
,
NordjyllandNorth Denmark Region or North Jutland Region is an administrative region of Denmark established on January 1, 2007 as part of the 2007 Danish Municipal Reform, which replaced the traditional counties with five larger regions. At the same time, smaller municipalities were merged into larger...
,
DenmarkDenmark is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe and the senior member of the Kingdom of Denmark. It is the southernmost of the Nordic countries; southwest of Sweden and south of Norway, and it is bordered to the south by Germany. Denmark borders both the Baltic and the North Sea...
-
HúsavíkHúsavík is a small town in Norðurþing municipality on the north of Iceland on the shores of Skjálfandi bay.The income of the inhabitants is derived from tourism and fishing, as well as retail and small industry....
,
Suður-ÞingeyjarsýslaSuður-Þingeyjarsýsla is a county of Iceland. It is located in the Norðurland eystra region of the country....
,
IcelandThe Republic of Iceland is a European island country located in the North Atlantic Ocean. It has a population of about 320,000 and a total area of 103,000 km². Its capital and largest city is Reykjavík, whose surrounding area is home to approximately two thirds of the national population...
-
KotkaKotka is a town and municipality of Finland.It is located in the province of Southern Finland and is part of the Kymenlaakso region. The municipality has a population of and covers an area of of which is water. The population density is...
,
Etelä-SuomiThe Province of Southern Finland is a province of Finland. It borders the provinces of Western Finland and Eastern Finland. It also borders the Gulf of Finland and Russia.- Former provinces :...
,
FinlandFinland , officially the Republic of Finland
, is a Nordic country and democracy situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. It borders Sweden on the west, Russia on the east, and Norway on the north, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland...
-
KarlskogaKarlskoga Municipality is a municipality in Örebro County in central Sweden. Its seat is located in the city of Karlskoga....
,
ÖrebroÖrebro County is a county or län in central Sweden. It borders the counties of Västra Götaland, Värmland, Dalarna, Västmanland, Södermanland and Östergötland.- Province :...
,
SwedenSweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe...
-
PatzúnPatzún is a municipality in the Chimaltenango department of Guatemala.-External links:*http://www.patzun.gob.gt/portal/...
, Chimaltenango,
GuatemalaGuatemala is a country in Central America bordered by Mexico to the north and west, the Pacific Ocean to the southwest, Belize to the northeast, the Caribbean to the east, and Honduras and El Salvador to the southeast. Its size is just under 110,000 km² with an estimated population...
-
San Martín JilotepequeSan Martín Jilotepeque is a municipality in the Chimaltenango department of Guatemala.-See also:Chajomá...
, Chimaltenango,
GuatemalaGuatemala is a country in Central America bordered by Mexico to the north and west, the Pacific Ocean to the southwest, Belize to the northeast, the Caribbean to the east, and Honduras and El Salvador to the southeast. Its size is just under 110,000 km² with an estimated population...
-
ZhuzhouZhuzhou , formerly Jianning, is a city in Hunan Province, China, southeast of Changsha beside the Xiangjiang River. It is part of the "ChangZhuTan Golden Triangle"...
,
Hunan' is a province of China, located to the south of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and south of Lake Dongting...
,
ChinaThe People's Republic of China , commonly known as China, is the largest country in East Asia and the most populous in the world with over 1.3 billion people, approximately one-fifth of the world's population...
Literature
- Aschehougs Konversasjonsleksikon, Bind 7. H. Aschehoug & Co, Oslo, 1969.
External links
- Municipal fact sheet from Statistics Norway
Statistics Norway is the Norwegian statistics bureau. It was established in 1876.Relying on a staff of about 1,000, Statistics Norway releases more than 800 Norwegian statistical publications every year on its web site...