Eucalyptus globulus

Eucalyptus Globulus

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Eucalyptus globulus

The Tasmanian Blue Gum, Southern Blue Gum or Blue Gum, is an evergreen

Evergreen

In botany, an evergreen plant is a plant having leaf all year round. This contrasts with deciduous plants, which completely lose their foliage for part of the year....
tree, one of the most widely cultivated trees native to Australia

Australia

Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the southern hemisphere comprising the Australia of the world's smallest continent, the major island of Tasmania, and numerous list of islands of Australia in the Indian Ocean and Pacific Oceans....
. They typically grow from 30 to 55 m (98 to 180 ft) tall. The tallest currently known specimen in Tasmania is 90.7 m tall. There are historical claims of even taller trees, the tallest being 101 m (330 ft). The natural distribution of the species includes Tasmania

Tasmania

Tasmania is an Australian island and States and territories of Australia of the same name. It is located south of the eastern side of the continent, being separated from it by Bass Strait....
and southern Victoria

Victoria (Australia)

File:Map Victoria Aboriginal tribes .jpgVictoria is a States and territories of Australia located in the southeastern corner of Australia. It is the smallest mainland state in area but the most Population density and urbanised....
.

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The Tasmanian Blue Gum, Southern Blue Gum or Blue Gum, is an evergreen

Evergreen

Australia

Tasmania

Victoria (Australia)

King Island, Tasmania

King Island is one of the islands that make up the state of Tasmania, Australia. It is by far the largest of a group known as New Year Islands, comprising King Island, New Year Island and Christmas Island to the northwest and smaller Councillor Island to the east....
and Flinders Island

Flinders Island

Flinders Island may refer to:In Australia:* Flinders Island , in the Furneaux Group, is the largest and best known* Flinders Island * Flinders Island , in the Investigator Group...
in Bass Strait and on the summit of the You Yangs

You Yangs

The You Yangs are a series of granite peaks that rise dramatically near Lara, Victoria in the Werribee lava plains in Australia, located 22 km north of Geelong, Victoria and approximately 55 km south-west of Melbourne....
. There are naturalized non-native occurrences in southern Europe

Europe

Europe is, conventionally, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally divided from Asia to its east by the water divide of the Ural Mountains, the Ural , the Caspian Sea, and by the Caucasus Mountains to the southeast....
(Spain

Spain

Spain or the Kingdom of Spain , is a country located in Southern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.The Spanish constitution does not establish any official denomination of the country, even though Espa?a , Estado espa?ol and Naci?n espa?ola are used interchangeably....
and Portugal

Portugal

Portugal , officially the Portuguese Republic , is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. Located in southwestern Europe, Portugal is the westernmost country of mainland Europe and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west and south and by Spain to the north and east....
), southern Africa

Africa

Africa is the world's second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. At about 30.2 million km? including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of the Earth's total surface area and 20.4% of the total land area....
, New Zealand

New Zealand

New Zealand is an island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses , and numerous Islands of New Zealand, most notably Stewart Island/Rakiura and the Chatham Islands....
, western United States

United States

The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
(California

California

California is a U.S. state on the West Coast of the United States of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. It is bordered by Oregon to the north, Nevada to the east, Arizona to the southeast, and to the south the Mexico state of Baja California....
), Hawaii

Hawaii

File:Pahoehoe and Aa flows at Hawaii.jpgThe State of Hawaii is a U.S. state in the United States, located on an archipelago in the central Pacific Ocean southwest of the continental United States, southeast of Japan, and northeast of Australia....
and Macaronesia

Macaronesia

Macaronesia is a modern collective name for several groups of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean near Europe and North Africa belonging to three countries: Portugal, Spain, and Cape Verde....
.

Description

The bark

BARK

BARK was an early Electromechanics. BARK was built using standard phone relays, implementing a 32-bit binary machine and could perform addition in 150 ms and multiplication in 250 ms....
shreds often, peeling in large strips. The broad juvenile leaves

Leaf

In botany, a leaf is an above-ground plant Organ specialized for photosynthesis. For this purpose, a leaf is typically flat and thin, to expose the cells containing chloroplast to light over a broad area, and to allow light to penetrate fully into the tissues....
are borne in opposite pairs on square stems. They are about 6 to 15 cm long and covered with a blue-grey, waxy bloom, which is the origin of the common name "blue gum". The mature leaves are narrow, sickle-shaped and dark shining green. They are arranged alternately on rounded stems

Plant stem

A stem is one of two main structural axes of a vascular plant. The stem is normally divided into nodes and internodes, the nodes hold buds which grow into one or more leaf, inflorescence , conifer cones or other stems etc....
and range from 15 to 35 cm in length. The buds are top-shaped, ribbed and warty and have a flattened operculum

Operculum (botany)

In botany, operculum may be used to describe any of the following:*A flap of the Sporangium of a Moss, covering the peristome .*The cap of the Ascus in certain Ascomycota fungi....
(cap on the flower bud) bearing a central knob. The cream-colored flower

Flower

A flower, sometimes known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproduction structure found in flowering plants . The biological function of a flower is to mediate the union of male sperm with female ovum in order to produce seeds....
s are borne singly in the leaf axils and produce copious nectar that yields a strongly flavored honey

Honey

Honey is a sweet fluid produced by honey bees , and derived from the nectar of flowers. According to the United States National Honey Board and various international food regulations, "honey stipulates a pure product that does not allow for the addition of any other substance?this includes, but is not limited to, water or other sweeteners...
. The fruit

Fruit

The term fruit has different meanings dependent on context, and the term is not synonymous in food preparation and biology. In botany, which is the scientific study of plants, fruits are the ripened Ovary of flowering plants....
s are woody and range from 1.5 to 2.5 cm in diameter. Numerous small seed

Seed

A seed is a small Plant embryogenesis plant enclosed in a covering called the seed coat, usually with some Food storage. It is the product of the ripened ovule of gymnosperm and angiosperm plants which occurs after fertilization and some growth within the mother plant....
s are shed through valves (numbering between 3 and 6 per fruit) which open on the top of the fruit. It produces root

Root

In vascular plants, the root is the organ of a plant body that typically lies below the surface of the soil. This is not always the case, however, since a root can also be aerial root or aerating ....
s throughout the soil

Soil

Soil is the naturally occurring, unconsolidated or loose covering on the Earth's surface. Soil is composed of particles of broken rock that have been altered by chemical and environmental processes including weathering and erosion....
profile, rooting several feet deep in some soils. They do not form taproot

Taproot

A plant's taproot is a somewhat straight tapering root that grows vertically downward. It forms a center from which other roots sprout laterally....
s.

The plant was first described by the French botanist Jacques Labillardière

Jacques Labillardière

Jacques-Julien Houtou de Labillardi?re was a French botanist noted for his descriptions of the flora of Australia....
in his publications Relation du Voyage à la Recherche de la Pérouse
Relation du Voyage à la Recherche de la Pérouse

Relation du Voyage ? la Recherche de la P?rouse is a book issued in 1800 that recounts the 1791-1793 d'Entrecasteaux expedition to Australasia....
(1800) and Novae Hollandiae Plantarum Specimen
Novae Hollandiae Plantarum Specimen

File:Novae Hollandiae plantarum specimen title.pngNovae Hollandiae Plantarum Specimen is a two volume work describing the flora of Australia....
(1804). The author collected specimens at Recherche Bay

Recherche Bay

Recherche Bay is located on the extreme south-eastern corner of Tasmania, Australia and was a landing place of the Bruni d'Entrecasteaux to find missing explorer La P?rouse....
during the d'Entrecasteaux

Bruni d'Entrecasteaux

Antoine Raymond Joseph de Bruni d'Entrecasteaux was a French navigator who explored the Australian coast in 1792 while seeking traces of the lost expedition of Jean Francois de Galaup....
expedition in 1792.

Uses

The d'Entrecasteaux expedition made immediate use of the species when they discovered it, the timber was used to improve their oared boats. The Tasmanian Blue Gum was proclaimed as the floral emblem

List of Australian floral emblems

This is a list of Australian floral emblems. The selection of a national emblem in the early years of the twentieth century was hotly contested between those who supported the wattle, and those in favour of the New South Wales waratah ....
of Tasmania

Tasmania

Latin

Latin is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Through the Military history of the Roman Empire, Latin spread throughout the Mediterranean and a large part of Europe....
globulus, a little button, referring to the shape of the operculum.

Timber and Fuelwood

Blue gum is renown as a fast growing timber

Timber

Timber may refer to:* Lumber, i.e. wood materials* Timber, Oregon, an unincorporated community in the U.S. state of Oregon* Timber , a 1984 arcade game by Bally Midway...
tree. It comprises 65% of all plantation

Plantation

A plantation is usually a large farm or Estate , especially in a tropical or semitropical country, like Brazil or Nicaragua on which cotton, tobacco, lice coffee, sugar cane and the like are cultivated, usually by resident laborers....
hardwood

Hardwood

The term hardwood is used to describe wood from non-monocot flowering plant trees and for those trees themselves. These are usually broad-leaved; in temperate and boreal latitudes they are mostly deciduous, but in tropics and subtropics mostly evergreen....
in Australia with approximately 4,500 km² planted. The tree is widely cultivated elsewhere in the world. It is primarily planted as a pulpwood

Pulpwood

Pulpwood refers to timber grown with the principal purpose of making wood pulp for paper production. However, pulpwood is also used as the raw material for some wood products, such as oriented strand board , and there is an increasing demand for pulpwood as a source of 'green energy' by the bio-energy sector....
, and also as an important fuelwood in many countries. It has poor lumber

Lumber

Lumber or timber is wood in any of its stages from logging through readiness for use as structural material for construction, or wood pulp for paper production....
qualities due to growth stress problems, but can be used in construction

Construction

In the fields of architecture and civil engineering, construction is a process that consists of the building or assembling of infrastructure. Far from being a single activity, large scale construction is a feat of multitasking....
, fence posts and poles.

Essential Oil

The leaves are steam distilled

Steam distillation

Steam distillation is a special type of distillation for temperature sensitive materials like natural aromaticity compounds.Many organic compounds tend to Chemical decomposition at high sustained temperatures....
to extract eucalyptus oil

Eucalyptus oil

Eucalyptus oil is the generic name for distilled oil from Eucalyptus, a genus of the plant family Myrtaceae native to Australia and cultivated worldwide....
. E.globulus is the primary source of global eucalyptus oil production, with China

China

China is a Culture of China, an ancient civilization, and, depending on perspective, a national or multinational entity extending over a large area in East Asia....
being the largest commercial producer. The oil has therapeutic, perfumery, flavoring, antimicrobial

Antimicrobial

An antimicrobial is a substance that kills or inhibits the growth of microbes such as bacteria, fungi, protozoals or viruses. Antimicrobial drugs either kill microbes or prevent the growth of microbes ....
and biopesticide properties. Oil yield ranges from 1.0-2.4% (fresh weight), with cineole being the major isolate. E.globulus oil has established itself internationally because it is virtually phellandrene

Phellandrene

Phellandrene is the name for a pair of organic compounds that have a similar molecular structure and similar chemical properties. a-Phellandrene and ?-phellandrene are cyclic terpene and are double bond isomers....
free, a necessary characteristic for internal pharmaceutical use. In 1870, Cloez, identified and ascribed the name "eucalyptol"

Eucalyptol

Eucalyptol is a natural organic compound which is a colorless liquid. It is a cyclic ether and a monoterpenoid.Eucalyptol is also known by a variety of synonyms: 1,8-cineol, 1,8-cineole, limonene oxide, cajeputol, 1,8-epoxy-p-menthane, 1,8-oxido-p-menthane, eucalyptol, eucalyptole, 1,3,3-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2,2,2]octane, cineol, cineole...
- now more often called cineole - to the dominant portion of E. globulus oil.

Herb Tea

Blue gum leaves are used as a therapeutic herbal tea.

Honey

Blue gum flowers are considered a good source of nectar and pollen

Pollen

Pollen is a fine to coarse powder consisting of Gametophyte , which produce the male gametes of spermatophyta. A hard coat covering the pollen grain protects the sperm cells during the process of their movement between the stamens of the flower to the pistil of the next flower....
for bees.

Environmental Weed

It was introduced to California

California

San Francisco, California

The City and County of San Francisco is the fourth most populous city in California and the List of United States cities by population in the United States, with a 2007 estimated population of 799,183....
and throughout the state, where it is currently considered to be an invasive species

Invasive species

Invasive species is a phrase with several definitions. The first definition expresses the phrase in terms of non-indigenous species that adversely affect the habitats they invade economically, environmentally or ecologically....
due to its ability to quickly spread and displace native plant communities.

Related species

Many botanists treat The Tasmanian Blue Gum as a subspecies

Subspecies

In biology, subspecies is the taxonomic rank immediately subordinate to a species. A subspecies is a taxonomic group which is less distinct than the Common descent or species from which it originates....
of a broader species

Species

In biology, a species is one of the basic units of biological classification and a taxonomic rank. A species is often defined as a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring....
concept. This broader E. globulus includes the following subspecies:

E. globulus subsp. bicostata = E. bicostata
Eucalyptus bicostata

Eucalyptus bicostata, commonly known as Southern Blue Gum or Eurabbie, is a Eucalypt species native to Victoria and eastern New South Wales, Australia....
- Southern Blue Gum, Eurabbie, Victorian Blue Gum
E. globulus subsp. globulus = E. globulus - Tasmanian Blue Gum
E. globulus subsp. maidenii= E. maidenii
Eucalyptus maidenii

Eucalyptus maidenii, commonly known as Maiden's Gum, is a Eucalypt species native to eastern Victoria and southeastern New South Wales, Australia....
- Maiden's Gum
E. globulus subsp. pseudoglobulus = E. pseudoglobulus
Eucalyptus pseudoglobulus

Eucalyptus pseudoglobulus, commonly known as Gippsland Blue Gum, is a Eucalypt species native to Victoria and the southeastern corner of New South Wales, Australia....
- Gippsland Blue Gum, Victorian Eurabbie

The broader E. globulus concept is supported by Royal Botanic Gardens, Melbourne

Royal Botanic Gardens, Melbourne

The Royal Botanic Gardens, Melbourne are internationally renowned botanical gardens located near the centre of Melbourne, Victoria , Australia, on the south bank of the Yarra River....
and the Tasmanian Herbarium , but not by Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney

Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney

The Royal Botanic Gardens in Sydney, Australia, are the largest of three major botanical gardens open to the public in Sydney, along with the Mount Annan Botanic Garden and the Mount Tomah Botanic Garden....
where the four taxa are considered distinct species

Species

External links

Iglesias Trabado, Gustavo (2007). In: