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By 637
637

Events...
 A.D. Armenia
Armenia

Armenia , officially the Republic of Armenia , is a landlocked mountainous country in South Caucasus between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea....
 emerged as an autonomous principality within the Arabic Empire under Caliph
Caliph

The Caliph is the head of state in a Caliphate, and the title for the leader of the Islamic Ummah, an Islamic community ruled by the Shari'ah....
 Umar
Umar

Umar , also known as Umar the Great or Omar the Great was a Muslim from the Banu Adi clan of the Quraysh Tribes of Arabia, and a sahaba of Muhammad....
, reuniting Armenian lands previously ruled by the Byzantine Empire
Byzantine Empire

Byzantine Empire and Eastern Roman Empire are conventional names used to describe the Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centered on its capital of Constantinople....
 as well. The principality was ruled by the Prince of Armenia, recognised by the Caliph and the Byzantine Emperor
List of Byzantine Emperors

This is a list of the Emperors of the late Eastern Roman Empire, commonly known as the Byzantine Empire by modern historians. This list does not include numerous co-emperors who never attained sole or senior status as rulers....
.

The first Arab
Arab

An Arab is a person who Identity as such on linguistic or cultural grounds. The plural form, Arabs , refers to the Ethnocultural group at large....
 raid reached Armenia in 639
639

Events...
 A.D.Duin (Dabil or Duwin) was captured and pillaged during this raid. A second invasion took place in 642
642

Events...
–643
643

Events...
 and 650
650

Events...
–653
653

Events* Sigeberht II of Essex succeeds Sigeberht I of Essex as king of Kingdom of Essex.* Aripert, nephew of Theodelinda, succeeds Rodoald as king of the Lombards....
.






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By 637
637

Events...
 A.D. Armenia
Armenia

Armenia , officially the Republic of Armenia , is a landlocked mountainous country in South Caucasus between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea....
 emerged as an autonomous principality within the Arabic Empire under Caliph
Caliph

The Caliph is the head of state in a Caliphate, and the title for the leader of the Islamic Ummah, an Islamic community ruled by the Shari'ah....
 Umar
Umar

Umar , also known as Umar the Great or Omar the Great was a Muslim from the Banu Adi clan of the Quraysh Tribes of Arabia, and a sahaba of Muhammad....
, reuniting Armenian lands previously ruled by the Byzantine Empire
Byzantine Empire

Byzantine Empire and Eastern Roman Empire are conventional names used to describe the Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centered on its capital of Constantinople....
 as well. The principality was ruled by the Prince of Armenia, recognised by the Caliph and the Byzantine Emperor
List of Byzantine Emperors

This is a list of the Emperors of the late Eastern Roman Empire, commonly known as the Byzantine Empire by modern historians. This list does not include numerous co-emperors who never attained sole or senior status as rulers....
.

The first Arab
Arab

An Arab is a person who Identity as such on linguistic or cultural grounds. The plural form, Arabs , refers to the Ethnocultural group at large....
 raid reached Armenia in 639
639

Events...
 A.D.Duin (Dabil or Duwin) was captured and pillaged during this raid. A second invasion took place in 642
642

Events...
–643
643

Events...
 and 650
650

Events...
–653
653

Events* Sigeberht II of Essex succeeds Sigeberht I of Essex as king of Kingdom of Essex.* Aripert, nephew of Theodelinda, succeeds Rodoald as king of the Lombards....
. According to bishop Sebeos
Sebeos

Sebeos was a 7th Century Armenians bishop and historian who participated in the first Council of Dvin in 645.The history Sebeos contains detailed descriptions from the period of Marzpanate Period up to the Arab conquest of Armenia in 661....
, on January 642
642

Events...
, the Arabs took the city of Tovin (Duin) by storm, slaughtered twelve thousand of its inhabitants and carried away thirty-five thousand into slavery.The Armenians submitted to the invaders and a treaty was signed in 654
654

Events...
 A.D. According to this agreement, Armenia was recognized as an autonomous state subject to an annual tribute and a contribution of fifteen thousand troops to the Arab army. The Arab policy of demanding that the tribute be paid in money had an effect on Armenian economy and society. Coins were struck in Duin. The Armenians were forced to produce a surplus of food and manufactured goods for sale. A strong urban life was developed in Caucasia as the economy revived.

The Arabs, for administrative purposes, gathered the whole of the South Caucasus
South Caucasus

The South Caucasus is a mountainous, geopolitical area of south-central Eurasia, also referred to as Transcaucasia, or The Transcaucasus....
 into one vast viceroyalty called al-Arminiya. This viceroyalty was governed by an ostikan occasionally referred to as the emir
Emir

Emir , is a high Nobility or office, used throughout the Arab World and historically in some Turkic peoples states and Afghanistan. Emirs are usually considered high-ranking sheikhs, but in monarchical states the term is also used for princes, with "Emirate" being analogous to principality in this sense....
 and from that the viceroyalty – emirate. It was established by the time of the caliph Abd al-Malik
Abd al-Malik

Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan was the 5th Umayyad Caliph. He was born in Mecca and grew up in Medinah . Abd al-Malik was a well-educated man and capable ruler, despite the many political problems that impeded his rule....
 of the Umayyad dynasty (reigned 685–705). The Emirate of Armenia (al-Arminiya) was divided into four regions: Arminiya I (Caucasian Albania
Caucasian Albania

Caucasian Albania was an ancient kingdom that existed on the territory of present-day Republic of Azerbaijan and southern Dagestan and came under strong Armenian religious and cultural influence....
), Arminiya II (Caucasian Iberia
Caucasian Iberia

Iberia , also known as Iveria , was a name given by the ancient Ancient Greece and Roman Empire to the ancient Georgia kingdom of Kartli corresponding roughly to the eastern and southern parts of the present day Georgia....
), Arminiya III (the area around Aras River), Arminiya IV (Taron
Taron (historic Armenia)

Taron was a canton of the Duruperan province of Greater Armenia, now in the Mus Province, Turkey.. It was divided into four districts: Mamikonian, Palauni, , Artokh ...
). This viceroyalty also contained two large lakes: the salt lake
Salt Lake

For a lake containing a high concentration of salt, see salt lake .More specifically, Salt Lake may refer to:...
 known as Lake Van
Lake Van

Lake Van is the largest lake in Turkey, located in the far east of the country. It is a salt lakes and soda lake, receiving water from numerous small streams that descend from the surrounding mountains....
 in the south-west, and the fresh water Lake Gukchah on its north-eastern border.

The most prominent Caliph of the Abbasid
Abbasid

The Abbasid Caliphate was the third of the Islamic Caliphates of the Islamic Empire. The Caliphate is one of the high points of Islam, and at the time Muslim civilization, together with that of Byzantium, China and India, was the most developed part of the world....
 Dynasty was Harun al-Rashid
Harun al-Rashid

Harun al-Rashid ; also spelled Harun ar-Rashid; , Aaron the Just, or Aaron the Rightly-Guided; March 17, 763 – March 24, 809) was the fifth and most famous Abbasid Caliphate Caliph....
 who rose to power on 14 September, 786
786

Events...
 A.D. While he was a benevolent ruler, his emirs in Armenia were not. Despite the orders from Baghdad
Baghdad

Baghdad is the Capital of Iraq and of Baghdad Governorate, with which it is also coterminous. With a municipal population estimated at 6.5 million, it is the largest city in Iraq, and the second largest city in the Arab World....
, the Arab rulers of Armenia continued to loot churches and oppress the land by cruelty and heavy taxation.

Some times the Emirate of Armenia included Al-Jazira
Al-Jazira, Mesopotamia

For other uses, see the disambiguation, Jazira.Al-Jazira is the traditional Arabic name for the modern-day regions of northwestern Iraq and northeastern Syria....
 in northern Mesopotamia
Mesopotamia

Mesopotamia is the area of the Tigris-Euphrates river system, along the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, largely corresponding to modern Iraq, as well as some parts of northeastern Syria, some parts of southeastern Turkey, and some parts of the Khuzestan Province of southwestern Iran....
, Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan (Iran)

Azerbaijan or Azarbaijan , also Iranian Azerbaijan, Iranian Azarbaijan, Persian Azerbaijan, , is a region in northwestern Iran....
 (classical Media
Medes

The Medes were an Ancient Iranian peoples who lived in the northwestern portions of present-day Iran. This area was known in Greek as Media or Medea ....
 Atropatene
Atropatene

Atropatene or Media Atropatene was an ancient kingdom established in the 4th century BC in modern Iranian Azerbaijan and Iranian Kurdistan....
), and less often, Tabaristan
Mazandaran Province

History...
 (southeast of Gilan
Gilan Province

Gilan is one of the provinces of Iran of Iran. It lies along the Caspian Sea, just west of the province of Mazandaran, east of the province of Ardabil province, north of the provinces of Zanjan province and Qazvin province....
), and even Fars
Fars Province

Fars is one of the 30 provinces of Iran of Iran. It is in the south of the country and its center is Shiraz, Iran. It has an area of 122,400 km?....
 (central Persia). The center of the viceroyalty was the large Armenian city Dvin
Dvin

Dvin was a large commercial city, the capital of early medieval Armenia, the ruins of which are located in the province of Ararat nearby a town by the same name....
.

The Emirate of Armenia lasted till 884
884

Events...
 A.D. Ashot I
Ashot I

Ashot I Bagratuni was an Armenia prince, with Ashot II, oversaw Armenia's second golden age . He was born to Smbat the Confessor.His family, the Bagratuni , was one of the most powerful in the kingdom along with the Artsruni....
 of the Bagratuni Dynasty
Bagratuni Dynasty

The Bagratuni or Bagratid royal dynasty of Armenia is a royal family whose branches formerly ruled many regional polities, including the Armenian lands of Syunik, Lori, Vaspurakan, Vanand, Taron , and Tayk....
 had managed to win control over most of its area and declared himself "King of the Armenians". He received recognition by Caliph Al-Mu'tamid
Al-Mu'tamid

This article is about the Abbasid Caliph al-Mu'tamid of Baghdad. For the Andalusi Arabic poet who was also the Abbadid king of Seville, see Muhammad Ibn Abbad Al Mutamid...
 of the Abbasid dynasty in 885 and Byzantine Emperor Basil I
Basil I

Basil I, called the Macedonian was a Byzantine Empire. He was perceived by Byzantines as one of their greatest emperors, the founder of one the most splendid imperial dynasties of Byzantium, the Macedonian dynasty , and the initiator of a Macedonian Renaissance of Byzantine art....
 of the Macedonian dynasty
Macedonian dynasty

The following is a list of emperors of the Byzantine Empire belonging to the Macedonia dynasty , of Greeks and Armenians descent, which is associated with the Macedonian Renaissance....
 in 886. Armenia thus emerged as an independent region.

See also


  • Emirs d'Armènia
  • Islam in Armenia
    Islam in Armenia

    Islam in Armenia has generally been avoided throughout the centuries. During the Arabic invasion, Islam came to the Armenians however, most Armenians never converted to Islam....
  • Ghewond's History