Curug
Encyclopedia
Čurug is a village in the municipality of Žabalj
, in the South Bačka District
of Serbia
. It is situated in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina
. The village has a Serb ethnic majority and its population numbering 8,882 people (2002 census).
, the village is known as Чуруг or Čurug, in Croatian
as Čurug, and in Hungarian
as Csurog.
region, in the place where the river Tisa
creates its greatest meander down its flow.
It is bordered by the settlements of Bačko Gradište
(to the north), Kumane
and Novi Bečej
(northeast), Taraš
(east), Gospođinci (south), Temerin
(southwest), Nadalj
(northwest), and Žabalj
(south-southeast).
The fact of it being settled in one of the highest parts of planes (82 m sea-level) is one of the main reasons the village always managed to avoid floods, and for being constantly populated during it’s long history.
s are located around the village (Archeological Site of Stari Vinogradi), mainly from time of Roman Empire
and early Middle Ages
. Traces of ancient Indo-European peoples
, notably of Iazyges
and Celts, are also discovered at this location. The archaeologists have found traces of Slavic settlement from the 9th-10th century, http://curug.rastko.net/9-vek/index_en.html as well as the more distinctive ethnic traces of Serb
settlement from the 15th century. http://curug.rastko.net/17-vek/index_en.html
It is one of the oldest Vojvodinian settlements, mentioned as far as in 1238 (during the administration of the Kingdom of Hungary
) under name Churlack (Csúrlak, Čurlak). In 1325, it was mentioned as Chorug, in 1332/1337 as Churvuk, in 1338/1342 as Charug, in 1363 as Csurog, and in 1380 as Curgug. During Ottoman administration, it was recorded as Csaragh (in 1551), Chyrogd (in 1553), and Czurok (in 1656).
During Ottoman
administration (16th - 17th century), Čurug was part of the sanjak of Segedin and nahija of Titel
. There was also Ottoman fort near the village, whose commander was beg Melković, who was also commander of forts in Bečej
and Bečkerek
. During the war between Ottomans and Habsburgs
, in 1687/88, village was burned and destroyed.
During Habsburg administration, the village was rebuilt (in 1699). From 1703 to 1751, Čurug was part of Habsburg Military Frontier
and from 1751 to 1769, it was part of the District of Potisje
. From 1769 to 1873, it was again part of the Military Frontier, and from 1873 to 1918, it was part of the Bačka-Bodrog
county within the Kingdom of Hungary
and Austria-Hungary
. In 1720, village had about 600 inhabitants, most of whom were Serbs and there was also one Hungarian family in the village. In 1880, population of Čurug numbered 6,406 inhabitants, including 4,961 (77%) Serbs, 981 (15%) Hungarians, 181 (2.8%) Germans, 96 (1.5%) Jews, etc. In 1910, population numbered 10,377 inhabitants, including 7,211 (69.5%) Serbs, 2,730 (26.30%) Hungarians, 203 (1.96%) Jews, 171 (1.65%) Germans, etc.
After the World War I, Čurug became part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes and subsequent South Slavic states.
During the Hungarian
Axis
occupation, in 1942 raid, more than 3,000 inhabitants of the village were murdered and thrown under the ice of the river Tisa. More than 95% of the victims were of Serb nationality. In 1944, when Hungarian army withdrawn, most of the Hungarian and German inhabitants of the village scared from revenge went with them. People driven by revenge destroyed Catholic church. After 1945, some colonists from Bosnia and Herzegovina also settled in this village.
Žabalj
Žabalj is a town and municipality in South Bačka District of Vojvodina, Serbia. Žabalj town has a population of 9,582, and Žabalj municipality 27,418. It is located in southeastern part of Bačka, known as Šajkaška.-Name:...
, in the South Bačka District
South Backa District
South Bačka District is a northern district of Serbia. It lies in the southern part of Bačka and northern part of Syrmia, in the autonomous province of Vojvodina. It has a population of 607,835...
of Serbia
Serbia
Serbia , officially the Republic of Serbia , is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Carpathian basin and the central part of the Balkans...
. It is situated in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina
Vojvodina
Vojvodina, officially called Autonomous Province of Vojvodina is an autonomous province of Serbia. Its capital and largest city is Novi Sad...
. The village has a Serb ethnic majority and its population numbering 8,882 people (2002 census).
Name
In SerbianSerbian language
Serbian is a form of Serbo-Croatian, a South Slavic language, spoken by Serbs in Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Croatia and neighbouring countries....
, the village is known as Чуруг or Čurug, in Croatian
Croatian language
Croatian is the collective name for the standard language and dialects spoken by Croats, principally in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Serbian province of Vojvodina and other neighbouring countries...
as Čurug, and in Hungarian
Hungarian language
Hungarian is a Uralic language, part of the Ugric group. With some 14 million speakers, it is one of the most widely spoken non-Indo-European languages in Europe....
as Csurog.
Geography
The village of Čurug is situated in the wide lowlands of the south-eastern part of the BačkaBacka
Bačka is a geographical area within the Pannonian plain bordered by the river Danube to the west and south, and by the river Tisza to the east of which confluence is located near Titel...
region, in the place where the river Tisa
Tisá
Tisá is a village and municipality in Ústí nad Labem District in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic.The municipality covers an area of , and has a population of 786 ....
creates its greatest meander down its flow.
It is bordered by the settlements of Bačko Gradište
Backo Gradište
Bačko Gradište is a village located in the Bečej municipality, in the South Bačka District of Serbia. It is situated in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina. The village is ethnically mixed and its population numbering 5,445 people...
(to the north), Kumane
Kumane
Kumane is a village located in the Novi Bečej municipality, in the Central Banat District of Serbia. It is situated in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina...
and Novi Bečej
Novi Becej
Novi Bečej , is a town and municipality in Central Banat District of Vojvodina, Serbia. The town has a population of 14,406, while Novi Bečej municipality has 26,881 inhabitants.-Name:Its name means "new Bečej"...
(northeast), Taraš
Taraš
Taraš is a village located in the Zrenjanin municipality, in the Central Banat District of Serbia. It is situated in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina...
(east), Gospođinci (south), Temerin
Temerin
Temerin is a town and municipality in South Bačka District of Vojvodina, Serbia...
(southwest), Nadalj
Nadalj
Nadalj is a village located in the Srbobran municipality, in the South Bačka District of Serbia. It is situated in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina. The village has a Serb ethnic majority and its population numbering 2,202 people ....
(northwest), and Žabalj
Žabalj
Žabalj is a town and municipality in South Bačka District of Vojvodina, Serbia. Žabalj town has a population of 9,582, and Žabalj municipality 27,418. It is located in southeastern part of Bačka, known as Šajkaška.-Name:...
(south-southeast).
The fact of it being settled in one of the highest parts of planes (82 m sea-level) is one of the main reasons the village always managed to avoid floods, and for being constantly populated during it’s long history.
History
Several archaeological siteArchaeological site
An archaeological site is a place in which evidence of past activity is preserved , and which has been, or may be, investigated using the discipline of archaeology and represents a part of the archaeological record.Beyond this, the definition and geographical extent of a 'site' can vary widely,...
s are located around the village (Archeological Site of Stari Vinogradi), mainly from time of Roman Empire
Roman Empire
The Roman Empire was the post-Republican period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial holdings in Europe and around the Mediterranean....
and early Middle Ages
Middle Ages
The Middle Ages is a periodization of European history from the 5th century to the 15th century. The Middle Ages follows the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 and precedes the Early Modern Era. It is the middle period of a three-period division of Western history: Classic, Medieval and Modern...
. Traces of ancient Indo-European peoples
Proto-Indo-Europeans
The Proto-Indo-Europeans were the speakers of the Proto-Indo-European language , a reconstructed prehistoric language of Eurasia.Knowledge of them comes chiefly from the linguistic reconstruction, along with material evidence from archaeology and archaeogenetics...
, notably of Iazyges
Iazyges
The Iazyges were an ancient nomadic tribe. Known also as Jaxamatae, Ixibatai, Iazygite, Jászok, Ászi, they were a branch of the Sarmatian people who, c. 200 BC, swept westward from central Asia onto the steppes of what is now Ukraine...
and Celts, are also discovered at this location. The archaeologists have found traces of Slavic settlement from the 9th-10th century, http://curug.rastko.net/9-vek/index_en.html as well as the more distinctive ethnic traces of Serb
Serbs
The Serbs are a South Slavic ethnic group of the Balkans and southern Central Europe. Serbs are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and form a sizable minority in Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia and Slovenia. Likewise, Serbs are an officially recognized minority in...
settlement from the 15th century. http://curug.rastko.net/17-vek/index_en.html
It is one of the oldest Vojvodinian settlements, mentioned as far as in 1238 (during the administration of the Kingdom of Hungary
Kingdom of Hungary
The Kingdom of Hungary comprised present-day Hungary, Slovakia and Croatia , Transylvania , Carpatho Ruthenia , Vojvodina , Burgenland , and other smaller territories surrounding present-day Hungary's borders...
) under name Churlack (Csúrlak, Čurlak). In 1325, it was mentioned as Chorug, in 1332/1337 as Churvuk, in 1338/1342 as Charug, in 1363 as Csurog, and in 1380 as Curgug. During Ottoman administration, it was recorded as Csaragh (in 1551), Chyrogd (in 1553), and Czurok (in 1656).
During Ottoman
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
administration (16th - 17th century), Čurug was part of the sanjak of Segedin and nahija of Titel
Titel
Titel is a town and municipality in the South Bačka District of the Vojvodina, Serbia. The town of Titel has a population of 5,831, while the population of the municipality of Titel is 16,936...
. There was also Ottoman fort near the village, whose commander was beg Melković, who was also commander of forts in Bečej
Becej
Bečej is a town and municipality located in the South Bačka District in Vojvodina, Serbia. The town has a population of 25,703, while Bečej municipality has 40,877 inhabitants. It is multiethnic town, with Hungarians and Serbs as largest ethnic groups...
and Bečkerek
Zrenjanin
Zrenjanin is a city and municipality located in the eastern part of Serbian province of Vojvodina. It is the administrative centre of the Central Banat District of Serbia...
. During the war between Ottomans and Habsburgs
Habsburg Monarchy
The Habsburg Monarchy covered the territories ruled by the junior Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg , and then by the successor House of Habsburg-Lorraine , between 1526 and 1867/1918. The Imperial capital was Vienna, except from 1583 to 1611, when it was moved to Prague...
, in 1687/88, village was burned and destroyed.
During Habsburg administration, the village was rebuilt (in 1699). From 1703 to 1751, Čurug was part of Habsburg Military Frontier
Military Frontier
The Military Frontier was a borderland of Habsburg Austria and later the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, which acted as the cordon sanitaire against incursions from the Ottoman Empire...
and from 1751 to 1769, it was part of the District of Potisje
District of Potisje
The District of Potisje was an administrative unit of the Habsburg Monarchy. It was formed in 1751 with headquarters in Stari Bečej, and existed for almost one century .-History:...
. From 1769 to 1873, it was again part of the Military Frontier, and from 1873 to 1918, it was part of the Bačka-Bodrog
Bács-Bodrog
Bács-Bodrog County was the administrative county of the Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary from 18th century to 1918. Its territory is currently in northern Serbia and southern Hungary. The capital of the county was Zombor .-Name:The county was named after two older counties: Bács and Bodrog...
county within the Kingdom of Hungary
Kingdom of Hungary
The Kingdom of Hungary comprised present-day Hungary, Slovakia and Croatia , Transylvania , Carpatho Ruthenia , Vojvodina , Burgenland , and other smaller territories surrounding present-day Hungary's borders...
and Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary , more formally known as the Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council and the Lands of the Holy Hungarian Crown of Saint Stephen, was a constitutional monarchic union between the crowns of the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary in...
. In 1720, village had about 600 inhabitants, most of whom were Serbs and there was also one Hungarian family in the village. In 1880, population of Čurug numbered 6,406 inhabitants, including 4,961 (77%) Serbs, 981 (15%) Hungarians, 181 (2.8%) Germans, 96 (1.5%) Jews, etc. In 1910, population numbered 10,377 inhabitants, including 7,211 (69.5%) Serbs, 2,730 (26.30%) Hungarians, 203 (1.96%) Jews, 171 (1.65%) Germans, etc.
After the World War I, Čurug became part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes and subsequent South Slavic states.
During the Hungarian
Hungary
Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
Axis
Axis Powers
The Axis powers , also known as the Axis alliance, Axis nations, Axis countries, or just the Axis, was an alignment of great powers during the mid-20th century that fought World War II against the Allies. It began in 1936 with treaties of friendship between Germany and Italy and between Germany and...
occupation, in 1942 raid, more than 3,000 inhabitants of the village were murdered and thrown under the ice of the river Tisa. More than 95% of the victims were of Serb nationality. In 1944, when Hungarian army withdrawn, most of the Hungarian and German inhabitants of the village scared from revenge went with them. People driven by revenge destroyed Catholic church. After 1945, some colonists from Bosnia and Herzegovina also settled in this village.
Famous residents
- Teodor Ilić ČešljarTeodor Ilic CešljarTeodor Ilić Češljar was born in 1746 in Čurug, Serbia and died on November 20, 1793 at age 47 in Bačko Petrovo Selo . He was a late Baroque Serbian painter from Vojvodina best known for being the creator of the Royal Doors from Ostojićevo...
(1746–1793), a Serbian painter. He was born in Čurug. - Petar KonjovićPetar KonjovicPetar Konjović was a Serbian composer. He was born in Čurug . While a pedagogy student in Sombor, Konjovic self-taught himself the art of compositure and conducting. He finished his education at the Prague Conservatorium in 1906...
(1883–1970), a Serbian composer. He was born in Čurug. - Jovan Tucakov (1905–1978), a Serbian pharmacologist. He was born in Čurug.
- Lazar Paču (1865–1915)
- Zdravko RajkovZdravko RajkovZdravko Rajkov was a Serbian football player and later a football manager....
(1927–2006), football player