Waller Air Force Base
Encyclopedia
Waller Air Force Base is a former United States Army Air Forces
United States Army Air Forces
The United States Army Air Forces was the military aviation arm of the United States of America during and immediately after World War II, and the direct predecessor of the United States Air Force....

 World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...

 air base located in northeastern Trinidad
Trinidad
Trinidad is the larger and more populous of the two major islands and numerous landforms which make up the island nation of Trinidad and Tobago. It is the southernmost island in the Caribbean and lies just off the northeastern coast of Venezuela. With an area of it is also the fifth largest in...

. It is located about 5 miles (8 km) southwest of Valencia
Valencia, Trinidad and Tobago
Valencia is a community in the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. It is located in northeastern Trinidad, and is administered by the Sangre Grande Regional Corporation.-References:...

 south of the Churchill-Roosevelt Highway
Churchill-Roosevelt Highway
The Churchill–Roosevelt Highway is the major east-west highway in Trinidad and Tobago. It runs for from Barataria in the west to Wallerfield in the east where it ends in the former US Army base on Fort Read. It crosses the north-south Uriah Butler Highway at Valsayn...

.

History

The American rights to the airfield were obtained via the Destroyers for Bases Agreement
Destroyers for Bases Agreement
The Destroyers for Bases Agreement between the United States and the United Kingdom, September 2, 1940, transferred fifty mothballed destroyers from the United States Navy in exchange for land rights on British possessions...

 in September 1940 when the United States transferred fifty destroyers to Great Britain
Great Britain
Great Britain or Britain is an island situated to the northwest of Continental Europe. It is the ninth largest island in the world, and the largest European island, as well as the largest of the British Isles...

 in exchange for Army and Navy base rights on British possessions in the Americas.

In 1941, Trinidad was alarmed by a large number of Nazi U-Boat
U-boat
U-boat is the anglicized version of the German word U-Boot , itself an abbreviation of Unterseeboot , and refers to military submarines operated by Germany, particularly in World War I and World War II...

s prowling of its coastline, intent on disrupting British shipping in the Caribbean Sea
Caribbean Sea
The Caribbean Sea is a sea of the Atlantic Ocean located in the tropics of the Western hemisphere. It is bounded by Mexico and Central America to the west and southwest, to the north by the Greater Antilles, and to the east by the Lesser Antilles....

, and using the Vichy French controlled island of Martinique
Martinique
Martinique is an island in the eastern Caribbean Sea, with a land area of . Like Guadeloupe, it is an overseas region of France, consisting of a single overseas department. To the northwest lies Dominica, to the south St Lucia, and to the southeast Barbados...

 as a possible supply facility. Although the first United States Army
United States Army
The United States Army is the main branch of the United States Armed Forces responsible for land-based military operations. It is the largest and oldest established branch of the U.S. military, and is one of seven U.S. uniformed services...

 personnel arrived on Trinidad on 24 April 1941, it was only with the United States' entry into the war in early 1942 that Allied planners decided to counter the Nazi threat by establishing major air and naval facilities on Trinidad.

Waller Army Airfield was activated on 1 September 1941 with the assignment of the 92d Service Group. The unit's mission was to establish a flying facility within the United States Army
United States Army
The United States Army is the main branch of the United States Armed Forces responsible for land-based military operations. It is the largest and oldest established branch of the U.S. military, and is one of seven U.S. uniformed services...

 Fort Read post. The unit consisted of the group's Headquarters, and the 92d Air Base and 309th Material Squadrons. The group was assigned to the Caribbean Air Force.

Waller Field was named after United States Army Air Force Major Alfred J. Waller. Major Waller was a distinguished World War I
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...

 combat pilot and was killed in the crash of Consolidated PB-2A, 35-50, on 11 December 1937 at Langley Field, Virginia
Virginia
The Commonwealth of Virginia , is a U.S. state on the Atlantic Coast of the Southern United States. Virginia is nicknamed the "Old Dominion" and sometimes the "Mother of Presidents" after the eight U.S. presidents born there...

. The airfield was intended to have four runways, but the two southern ones were canceled due to the nature of the ground.

Waller was built to be the premier US combat airbase in Trinidad, but events overtook the plan. The South Atlantic Air Route to Europe quickly developed and became the most often used method of getting aircraft to the African and European theaters of war. Air Transport Command
Air Transport Command
Air Transport Command is an inactive United States Air Force unit. Its mission was to meet the urgent demand for the speedy reinforcement of the United States' military bases worldwide during World War II, using an air supply system to supplement surface transport...

 flew aircraft to Waller from South Florida airfields, then from Waller, aircraft were flown to Belem Airfield
Val de Cães International Airport
Belém-Val de Cães/Júlio Cezar Ribeiro International Airport is the main airport serving Belém, Brazil. Val de Cães, the name of the neighborhood where the airport is located, is the most common spelling although Val de Cans is also considered correct...

, Brazil
Brazil
Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...

, then across the South Atlantic Ocean to Freetown Airport
Lungi International Airport
-Incidents and accidents:On August 11th, 2004 at around 2:30 p.m. a Boeing 737 plane operated by Air Guinee Express crashed while failing to take off at Lungi Airport. None of the 70 passengers aboard were killed....

, Sierra Leone
Sierra Leone
Sierra Leone , officially the Republic of Sierra Leone, is a country in West Africa. It is bordered by Guinea to the north and east, Liberia to the southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west and southwest. Sierra Leone covers a total area of and has an estimated population between 5.4 and 6.4...

 and then to North Africa
North Africa
North Africa or Northern Africa is the northernmost region of the African continent, linked by the Sahara to Sub-Saharan Africa. Geopolitically, the United Nations definition of Northern Africa includes eight countries or territories; Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, South Sudan, Sudan, Tunisia, and...

 or England
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...

. Airfield congestion at Waller became so acute that the combat aircraft, the bombers actually confronting the U-Boats had to be moved out to Edinburgh (Carlsen) Airfield
Carlsen Air Force Base
Carlsen Air Force Base is a former United States Army Air Forces World War II airbase on Trinidad, consisting of two landing strips, "Edinburgh" and "Xeres"...

 when it was completed.

With the establishment of United States bases on Trinidad and other Caribbean islands, the Nazi menace was eliminated by the action of numerous air and naval patrols. In 1943, President Franklin Roosevelt visited Waller Field on his way to the Casablanca Conference in North Africa.

Major units assigned

  • Headquarters, Trinidad Wing, Antilles Air Command
    Trinidad Wing, Antilles Air Command
    The Trinidad Wing, Antilles Air Command is an inactive United States Air Force unit. Its last assignment was with Sixth Air Force, based at Waller Field, Trinidad...

    , 15 May 1945-15 March 1944
  • XXXVI Fighter Command
    XXXVI Fighter Command
    The XXXVI Fighter Command is an inactive United States Air Force unit. Its last assignment was with Sixth Air Force, based at Waller Field, Trinidad. It was inactivated on 30 April 1943.- Lineage:...

    , 21 August 1942-30 April 1943

  • 9th Bombardment Group
    9th Reconnaissance Wing
    The 9th Reconnaissance Wing is a United States Air Force unit assigned to the Air Combat Command Eighth Air Force. It is stationed at Beale Air Force Base, California...

     (Headquarters), 30 October 1941-31 October 1942
1st Bombardment Squadron
1st Reconnaissance Squadron
The 1st Reconnaissance Squadron is a United States Air Force reconnaissance training unit based at Beale Air Force Base, near Marysville, California. It is the oldest squadron in the Air Force, and the first organization to be established as a U.S. military flying unit...

, 29 October 1941 - 23 October 1942 (B-18 Bolo)

  • 10th Bombardment Squadron
    10th Missile Squadron
    The United States Air Force's 10th Missile Squadron is a unit located at Malmstrom Air Force Base, Montana.-Heraldry:On an Air Force Blue disc, an Air Force Golden Yellow demi lion rampant, shaded Golden Brown, his tongue Red, emerging from a hole, Dark Brown, rimmed Red; fimbriated White five Red...

     (25th Bombardment Group
    25th Tactical Reconnaissance Wing
    The 25th Tactical Reconnaissance Wing is an inactive United States Air Force wing. Its last duty assignment was at Chambley-Bussieres Air Base, France.-History:...

    ), 1 October-11 December 1943 (B-18 Bolo)

  • 101st Bombardment (Photographic) Squadron
    101st Bombardment (Photographic) Squadron
    The 101st Bombardment Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit. Its last assignment was with the XIX Tactical Air Command, based at Brooks Field, Texas...

     (72d Reconnaissance Group), 8 August 1942-26 February 1944 (B-18 Bolo)

  • 22d Fighter Squadron
    22d Fighter Squadron
    The 22d Fighter Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit. It was last assigned to the 52d Operations Group and stationed at Spangdahlem Air Base, Germany. It was inactivated on 13 August 2010.-World War II:...

     (36th Fighter Group
    36th Wing
    The United States Air Force's 36th Wing is the host wing for Andersen Air Force Base, Guam. It is part of United States Pacific Air Forces Thirteenth Air Force...

    ) (P-40 Warhawk)
Deployed to Waller from: Vega Paja AAF, Puetro Rico, 6 December 1941-October 1942
Assigned to Waller:, October 1942-27 May 1943
Detachment deployed to: Dakota Field
Queen Beatrix International Airport
Queen Beatrix International Airport , in Oranjestad, Aruba, is an aviation facility. It has flight services to the United States, most countries in the Caribbean, the northern coastal countries of South America, Canada and some parts of Europe, notably the Netherlands...

, Aruba
Aruba
Aruba is a 33 km-long island of the Lesser Antilles in the southern Caribbean Sea, located 27 km north of the coast of Venezuela and 130 km east of Guajira Peninsula...

, 2 September 1942-April 1943
Detachment deployed to: Curaçao
Hato International Airport
Hato International Airport or Curaçao International Airport is the airport of Willemstad, Curaçao. It has services to the Caribbean region, South America, North America and Europe...

, 2 September 1942-April 1943
Detachment deployed to: Zandery Field
Johan Adolf Pengel International Airport
Johan Adolf Pengel International Airport , also known as Paramaribo-Zanderij International Airport, is an airport located in the town of Zanderij, 45 km south of Paramaribo...

, Dutch Guiana
Dutch Guiana
Dutch Guiana, also known as Netherlands Guyana or Dutch Guyana , is the name given to various Dutch colonies on the northern coast of South America, created by the Dutch West India Company...

, 16 September 1942-April 1943

  • 60th Troop Carrier Group
    60th Air Mobility Wing
    The 60th Air Mobility Wing is the host unit at Travis Air Force Base in California. It is the largest air mobility organization in the United States Air Force and is responsible for strategic airlift and aerial refueling missions around the world...

     (Headquarters), 4 June-31 July 1945
10th
10th Airlift Squadron
The 10th Airlift Squadron is part of the 62d Airlift Wing as McChord Air Force Base, Washington. It operates C-17 Globemaster III aircraft supporting the United States Air Force global reach mission world wide.-History:...

, 11th
11th Airlift Squadron
The 11th Airlift Squadron was most recently part of the 375th Airlift Wing as Scott Air Force Base, Washington. It operated C-9 Nightingale aircraft conducting medical evacuation missions.-History:...

, 12th
12th Troop Carrier Squadron
The 12th Troop Carrier Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit. Its last assignment was with the 322d Air Division stationed at Dreux-Louvilliers Air Base, France...

, 28th Troop Carrier Squadrons, 4 June-31 July 1945 (C-47)


  • 61st Troop Carrier Group
    61st Air Base Wing
    The 61st Air Base Wing is a wing of the United States Air Force stationed at Los Angeles Air Force Base, El Segundo, California....

     (Headquarters), 29 May-31 July 1945
14th
14th Airlift Squadron
The 14th Airlift Squadron is part of the 437th Airlift Wing at Charleston Air Force Base, South Carolina. It operates C-17 Globemaster III aircraft supporting the United States Air Force global reach mission world wide.-Mission:...

, 15th
15th Airlift Squadron
The 15th Airlift Squadron is part of the 437th Airlift Wing at Charleston Air Force Base, South Carolina. It operates C-17 Globemaster III aircraft supporting the United States Air Force global reach mission world wide.-History:...

, 53d
53d Airlift Squadron
The 53d Airlift Squadron is part of the 19th Airlift Wing at Little Rock Air Force Base, Arkansas. It operates C-130 Hercules aircraft for airlift and airdrop operations.-History:...

, 59th Troop Carrier Squadrons, 29 May-31 July 1945 (C-47)
  • 64th Troop Carrier Group
    64th Air Expeditionary Group
    The 64th Air Expeditionary Group is a provisional United States Air Force unit assigned to the Air Combat Command. As a provisional unit, it may be activated or inactivated at any time....

     (Headquarters), 4 June-31 July 1945
16th
16th Airlift Squadron
The 16th Airlift Squadron is one squadron of four active duty C-17A Globemaster III squadrons at Charleston Air Force Base, South Carolina....

, 17th
17th Airlift Squadron
The 17th Airlift Squadron is one of four active duty C-17A Globemaster III squadrons at Charleston AFB, SC.The 17th Airlift Squadron is commanded by a Lieutenant Colonel, who serves as head of the squadron and the pilots...

, 18th Troop Carrier Squadrons, 4 June-31 July 1945 (C-47)
  • 315th Troop Carrier Group
    315th Airlift Wing
    The 315th Airlift Wing is a wing of the United States Air Force Reserve. It is stationed at Charleston Air Force Base, in the City of North Charleston, South Carolina...

     (Headquarters), May-31 July 1945
35th, 43d
43d Troop Carrier Squadron
The 43d Troop Carrier Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit. Its last assignment was with the 315th Troop Carrier Group, based at Brady Air Base, Japan...

, 309th
309th Airlift Squadron
The 309th Airlift Squadron is part of the 86th Airlift Wing at Chièvres Air Base, Belgium. It operates C-37 aircraft providing executive airlfit for NATO.-History:...

 315th
310th Airlift Squadron
The 310th Airlift Squadron is part of the 6th Air Mobility Wing at MacDill Air Force Base, Florida. It operates C-37 aircraft providing executive airlfit for Combatant Commanders.-Mission:...

 Troop Carrier Squadron, 4 June-31 July 1945 (C-47)

  • 20th Troop Carrier Squadron
    20th Tactical Air Support Squadron
    The 20th Tactical Air Support Squadron is the former name of the 20th Reconnaissance Squadron, a unit of the United States Air Force. It is currently assigned to the 432d Wing at Creech Air Force Base, Nevada. Its original term of service overlapped World War II, and it was inactivated in 1949...

    , 22 December 1941-1 December 1943 (C-47)
Assigned to: Panama Air Depot, 22 December 1941-5 June 1942
Assigned to: Sixth Air Force Base Command, 5 June 1942-1 December 1943

  • 460th Bombardment Group
    460th Space Wing
    The 460th Space Wing is located at Buckley Air Force Base, east of Aurora, Colorado. Since the 460th was redesignated on 1 October 2004, the wing has delivered global infrared surveillance, provided worldwide missile warning and tracking for homeland defense purposes, and provided expeditionary...

    * (Headquarters), 15–30 June 1945
760th
760th Bombardment Squadron
The 760th Bombardment Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit. Its last was assigned to the 460th Bombardment Group, stationed at Natal Airport, Brazil. It was inactivated on 26 September 1945.-History:...

, 761st, 762d
762d Bombardment Squadron
The 762d Bombardment Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit. Its last was assigned to the 460th Bombardment Group, stationed at Natal Airport, Brazil. It was inactivated on 26 September 1945.-History:...

, 763d
763d Bombardment Squadron
The 763d Expeditionary Air Refueling Squadron is a provisional United States Air Force unit. It was last known to be assigned to the 363d Air Expeditionary Operations Group, Al Dhafra Air Base, United Arab Emirates. The 363 AEOG was inactivated on 26 August 2003...

 Bombardment Squadrons, 15–30 June 1945
  • 464th Bombardment Group
    464th Tactical Airlift Wing
    The 464th Tactical Airlift Wing was a theater airlift unit of the United States Air Force during the Cold War. It served in the United States under Tactical Air Command between 1953–1971. Its predecessor was the USAAF 464th Bombardment Group of World War II.-World War II:Constituted as 464th...

    * (Headquarters), June-31 July 1945
776th, 777th, 778th, 779th, Bombardment Squadrons, 15 June-31 July 1945
  • 465th Bombardment Group
    465th Bombardment Wing
    The 465th Bombardment Wing is an inactive United States Air Force unit. It was last assigned to the Strategic Air Command 57th Air Division, stationed at Robins Air Force Base, Georgia. It was inactivated on 21 July 1968....

    * (Headquarters), 15 June-31 July 1945
780th, 781st
781st Bombardment Squadron
The 781st Bombardment Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit. Its last was assigned to the 465th Bombardment Wing, stationed at Robins Air Force Base, Georgia. It was inactivated on 25 July 1968-History:...

, 782d, 783d
783d Bombardment Squadron
The 783d Bombardment Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit. Its last was assigned to the 465th Bombardment Group, stationed at Waller Field, Trinidad. It was inactivated on 31 July 1945.-History:...

, Bombardment Squadrons, 15 June-31 July 1945

*Reassigned from Fifteenth Air Force
Fifteenth Air Force
The Fifteenth Expeditionary Mobility Task Force is one of two EMTFs assigned to the United States Air Force Air Mobility Command . It is headquartered at Travis Air Force Base, California....

 in Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...

 and used B-24 Liberator
B-24 Liberator
The Consolidated B-24 Liberator was an American heavy bomber, designed by Consolidated Aircraft of San Diego, California. It was known within the company as the Model 32, and a small number of early models were sold under the name LB-30, for Land Bomber...

 aircraft as transports moving personnel from Mediterranean Theater
Mediterranean Theater
The term Mediterranean Theater can refer to:* Mediterranean Theatre of World War II, 1940–45* Mediterranean Theater of Operations, the official term for American military operations by the Army, the Navy, and the Army Air Forces in the Mediterranean region during 1942–45...

 to the United States


In addition to the combat and transport flying units, Waller Field was also used as an aircraft maintenance and supply facility by the 24th Air Depot (Air Technical Service Command
Air Force Logistics Command
Air Force Logistics Command was a United States Air Force command. Its headquarters was located at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio...

) which was deployed from Kelly Field, Texas
Texas
Texas is the second largest U.S. state by both area and population, and the largest state by area in the contiguous United States.The name, based on the Caddo word "Tejas" meaning "friends" or "allies", was applied by the Spanish to the Caddo themselves and to the region of their settlement in...

 on 20 January 1942. It was also used as a long-range reconnaissance base by several photo-recon squadrons.

Postwar use

With the end of World War II Waller Airfield was reduced in scope to a skeleton staff. It was redesignated Waller Air Force Base on March 26, 1948, by the Department of the Air Force General Order Number 10.

Its primary use was by Military Air Transport Service
Military Air Transport Service
The Military Air Transport Service is an inactive Department of Defense Unified Command. Activated on 1 June 1948, MATS was a consolidation of the United States Navy Naval Air Transport Service and the United States Air Force Air Transport Command into a single, joint, unified command...

 (MATS) as a transit facility under the 24th Composite Wing
24th Wing
The 24th Wing is an inactive United States Air Force unit. Its last assignment was with Twelfth Air Force, stationed at Howard Air Force Base, Panama...

 based at Borinquen AFB, Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico , officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico , is an unincorporated territory of the United States, located in the northeastern Caribbean, east of the Dominican Republic and west of both the United States Virgin Islands and the British Virgin Islands.Puerto Rico comprises an...

 and by the MATS 6th Weather Squadron (Regional), which provided meteorological reports for aviation in the South Caribbean as well as tropical storm and hurricane reporting. President Harry S. Truman
Harry S. Truman
Harry S. Truman was the 33rd President of the United States . As President Franklin D. Roosevelt's third vice president and the 34th Vice President of the United States , he succeeded to the presidency on April 12, 1945, when President Roosevelt died less than three months after beginning his...

 stopped at Waller Field on 31 August 1947 on his way to Brazil during a South American visit.

Waller AFB was closed on 28 May 1949 due to budgetary cutbacks and MATS operations were shifted to bases in the Panama Canal Zone
Panama Canal Zone
The Panama Canal Zone was a unorganized U.S. territory located within the Republic of Panama, consisting of the Panama Canal and an area generally extending 5 miles on each side of the centerline, but excluding Panama City and Colón, which otherwise would have been partly within the limits of...

.

After the base's closure, it became the informal home of various types of racing (using former airstrips) for over 40 years. Today construction progresses on the former airfield site for a new multi-million dollar University of Trinidad and Tobago
University of Trinidad and Tobago
The University of Trinidad and Tobago, also known as UTT, is a state owned university in Trinidad and Tobago established in 2004. Its main campus, currently under construction, will be located at Wallerfield in Trinidad...

 campus complex, several housing developments and other projects.

External links

  • Waller Airfield History at the National Library of Trinidad and Tobago
    National Library and Information System
    The National Library and Information System of Trinidad and Tobago was established in 1998. It is the legal deposit and copyright library for Trinidad and Tobago. The immediately preceding Librarian was Eintou Pearl Springer, appointed 1993. It is headquartered at the corner of Hart and...

    .
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