The Vichy 80

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The Vichy 80

The Vichy 80 refers to a minority group of French

France

France , officially the French Republic , is a country whose Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various Overseas departments and territories of France....
elected parliamentarians who, on July 10, 1940, voted against the constitutional change that dissolved the Third Republic

French Third Republic

The French Third Republic was the political regime of France between the Second French Empire and the Vichy France. It was a republican parliamentary democracy that was created on 4 September 1870 following the collapse of the Empire of Napoleon III of France in the Franco-Prussian War....
and established the Nazi Germany puppet state

Puppet state

The term puppet state describes a nominal sovereignty controlled effectively by a foreign power.. The term refers to a government controlled by the government of another country like a puppeteer controls the strings of a marionette....
of Vichy France

Vichy France

Vichy France, or the Vichy regime are the common terms used to describe the government of France from July 1940 to August 1944. This government, which succeeded the French Third Republic, officially called itself the French State , in contrast with the previous designation, "French Republic." Marshal of France Philippe P?tain pro...
.

Nazi Germany

Nazi Germany

Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the colloquial English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party , which established a Totalitarianism dictatorship that existed from 1933 to 1945....
invaded France on May 14, 1940, and Paris

Paris

Paris is the Capital of France and the country's largest city. It is situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the ?le-de-France Regions of France ....
fell a month later. Prime Minister Paul Reynaud

Paul Reynaud

Paul Reynaud was a France politician and lawyer prominent in the interwar period, noted for his stances on economic liberalism and militant opposition to Germany....
resigned rather than seek armistice

Armistice

An armistice is a situation in a war where the warring parties agree to stop fighting. It is not necessarily the end of a war, but may be just a cessation of hostilities while an attempt is made to negotiate a lasting peace....
terms; President Albert Lebrun

Albert Lebrun

Albert Lebrun was a France politician, President of France from 1932 to 1940, and as such was the last president of the French Third Republic. He was a member of the center-right Democratic Republican Alliance ....
appointed Marshal Philippe Pétain

Philippe Pétain

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Encyclopedia

The Vichy 80 refers to a minority group of French

France

French Third Republic

Puppet state

Vichy France

Nazi Germany

Paris

Paul Reynaud

Armistice

Albert Lebrun

Philippe Pétain

Henri Philippe Benoni Omer Joseph P?tain , generally known as Philippe P?tain or Marshal P?tain , was a France general who reached the distinction of Marshal of France, later Head of state of Vichy France , from 1940 to 1944....
as his replacement. France capitulated June 22, 1940; under the armistice terms, France was partitioned, with the northern region occupied by Germany, and the remainder (with its capital at Vichy

Vichy

Vichy is a Communes of France in the Departments of France of Allier in Auvergne in central France. It is known as a Spa town and resort town....
) ostensibly governed by the French government under Pétain.

Pétain began a revision of the constitution of the Third Republic. This process was completed with a vote of the combined houses of the parliament on July 10, 1940 on a constitutional law that created the new regime of Vichy France. The 80 deputies

Chamber of Deputies of France

Chamber of Deputies was the name given to several parliamentary bodies in France in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries:* 1814?1848 during the Bourbon Restoration and the July Monarchy, the Chamber of Deputies was the Lower chamber of the French Parliament, elected by census suffrage....
and senators

French Senate

The Senate is the upper house of the Parliament of France, presided over by a List of Presidents of the French Senate.The Senate enjoys less prominence than the lower house, the directly elected National Assembly of France; debates in the Senate tend to be less tense and enjoy generally less media coverage....
who opposed the change are referred to as the Vichy 80 (French

French language

French is a Romance language spoken around the world by around 80 million people as first language, by 190 million as second language, and by about another 200 million people as an acquired tongue, with significant speakers in 54 countries....
: "les 80" or "les quatre-vingts") and are now famous for opposing this decision.

Additionally, 27 deputies and senators did not take part in the vote. They had fled Metropolitan France

Metropolitan France

Metropolitan France is the part of France located in Europe, including Corsica. By contrast, French overseas departments and territories is the collective name for the French overseas departments , overseas territories , and overseas collectivity ....
on June 21 from Bordeaux

Bordeaux

is a Port city on the Garonne in southwest France, with one million inhabitants in its aire urbaine at a 2008 estimate. It is the Capital of the Aquitaine regions of France, as well as the Prefectures in France of the Gironde Departments of France....
to Algiers

Algiers

Algiers Nicknamed El-Bahdja or Alger la Blanche for the glistening white of its buildings as seen rising up from the sea, Algiers is situated on the west side of a bay of the Mediterranean Sea....
on board the ship Massilia and are referred to as Massilia absentees. They were considered traitors by the Vichy France regime.

The Pétain government always ruled under this act and never finalized a constitution until the end of the war

World War II

World War II, or the Second World War , was a global military conflict which involved a Participants in World War II, including all of the great powers, organised into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War II and the Axis powers....
, insisting that it would have to be signed in Paris, once France was liberated. On January 30, 1944, a draft constitution was signed but remained without effect. After the overthrow of Pétain, the Free French Forces

Free French Forces

File:Croix de Lorraine2.svgThe Free French Forces were France fighters in World War II who decided to continue fighting against Axis powers of World War II forces after the Armistice with France and subsequent German occupation of France in World War II....
contested the legality of the Vichy regime and they voided most of its acts. More recently though, there has been a recognition of the responsibility of the French state for the crimes committed under Vichy France.

Vote tally

	Deputies	Senators	Total
Total	544	302	846
Voting	414	235	649
For	357	212	569
Against	57	23	80
Voluntary abstaining	12	8	20
Massilia absentees	26	1	27
Other abstaining	92	57	149
Not voting		1	1

Detailed list of the 80

Name	House	Département	Parliamentary group
Marcel Astier Marcel Astier Marcel-Fran?ois Astier was a France politician.Born in Privas , Marcel Astier was the son of parliamentarian Fran?ois Astier. He studied law and medicine and managed the familial vineyards....	Senate	Ardèche Ardèche Ard?che is a departments of France in south-central France named after the Ard?che River....	Radical-Socialist
Jean-Fernand Audeguil	Chamber of Deputies	Gironde Gironde Gironde is a common name for the Gironde Estuary, where the mouths of the Garonne and Dordogne rivers merge, and for a Departments of France in the Aquitaine Regions of France situated in southwest France....	SFIO
Vincent Auriol Vincent Auriol Jules-Vincent Auriol was a France politician who served as the first President of France of the French Fourth Republic from 1947 to 1954. He also served as interim President of the Provisional Government from November to December 1946, making him one of only three people who were heads of state of the French Republic on two separate occasi...	Chamber of Deputies	Haute-Garonne Haute-Garonne Haute-Garonne is a departments of France in the southwest of France named after the Garonne river. Its main city is Toulouse....	SFIO
Alexandre Bachelet	Senate	Seine Seine (département) Seine was a d?partement in France of France encompassing Paris and its immediate suburbs. Its pr?fecture was Paris and its official number was 75....	SFIO
Vincent Badie Vincent Badie Vincent Badie was a France lawyer and politician.Vincent Henri Badie was born in B?ziers and practised as a lawyer at Montpellier. He was elected as Radical Party candidate to the Chamber of Deputies of France in 1936 representing H?rault....	Chamber of Deputies	Hérault Hérault H?rault is a departments of France in the southwest of France named after the H?rault River....	Radical-Socialist
Camille Bedin	Chamber of Deputies	Dordogne Dordogne Dordogne is a departments of France in central France named after the Dordogne River....	SFIO
Emile Bender	Senate	Rhône Rhône (département) Rh?ne is a French Departments of France located in the central Eastern Regions of France of Rh?ne-Alpes. It is named after the Rh?ne River....	Radical-Socialist
Jean Biondi	Chamber of Deputies	Oise Oise Oise is a departments of France in the north of France named after the Oise River....	SFIO
Léon Blum Léon Blum Andr? L?on Blum , was a France politician, usually identified with the moderate left, and three times the Prime Minister of France....	Chamber of Deputies	Aude Aude Aude is a departments of France in south-central France named after the Aude River. The local council also calls the department "Cathar Country"....	SFIO
Laurent Bonnevay Laurent Bonnevay Laurent Bonnevay was a Radical middle French politician during the French Third Republic and French Fourth Republic Republics, first member of the Republican Federation and then of the Independent Radicals center-right group....	Chamber of Deputies	Rhône	Independent Radical
Paul Boulet	Chamber of Deputies	Hérault	Independent Left
Georges Bruguier	Senate	Gard Gard Gard is a departments of France located in Southern France France in the Languedoc-Roussillon Regions of France. It is named after the river Gardon ....	SFIO
Séraphin Buisset	Chamber of Deputies	Isère Isère Is?re is a departments of France, in the Rh?ne-Alpes regions of France in the east of France named after the Is?re River....	SFIO
Gaston Cabannes	Chamber of Deputies	Gironde	SFIO
François Camel	Chamber of Deputies	Ariège Ariège Ari?ge is a departments of France in southwestern France named after the Ari?ge River....	SFIO
Pierre de Chambrun Pierre de Chambrun Pierre de Chambrun was a France politician.Charles Louis Antoine Pierre Gilbert Pineton de Chambrun was born in Paris. The Pineton de Chambrun family was of noble origin and politically prominent, providing several members of the Senate of France and the Chamber of Deputies of France representing Loz?re....	Senate	Lozère Lozère Loz?re , is a departments of France in southeast France near the Massif Central, named after Mont Loz?re....	Unregistered
Auguste Champetier de Ribes	Senate	Basses-Pyrénées	Unregistered
Pierre Chaumié Pierre Chaumié Pierre Chaumi? was a France politician.Pierre Jean-Marie Bertrand Camille Chaumi? was born into a political family in Agen. He was the middle son of Joseph Chaumi? , Senate of France for Lot-et-Garonne from 1897 to 1919....	Senate	Lot-et-Garonne Lot-et-Garonne Lot-et-Garonne is a departments of France in the southwest of France named after the Lot River and Garonne rivers....	Radical-Socialist
Arthur Chaussy	Chamber of Deputies	Seine-et-Marne Seine-et-Marne Seine-et-Marne is a France departments of France, named after the Seine River and Marne River rivers, and located in the ?le-de-France regions of France....	SFIO
Joseph Collomp	Chamber of Deputies	Var Var (département) The Var is a French departments of France in Provence, in southeast France. It takes its name from the Var River, which used to flow along its eastern boundary, but which now flows into the Mediterranean further to the east....	SFIO
Octave Crutel	Chamber of Deputies	Seine-Inférieure	Radical-Socialist
Achille Daroux	Chamber of Deputies	Vendée Vendée The Vend?e [] is a departments of France in the Pays-de-la-Loire region in west central France, on the Atlantic Ocean. The name Vend?e is taken from the Vend?e River which runs through the south-eastern part of the department....	Radical-Socialist
Maurice Delom-Sorbé	Chamber of Deputies	Basses-Pyrénées	Independent Left
Joseph Depierre	Senate	Rhône	SFIO
Marx Dormoy Marx Dormoy Marx Dormoy was a France Socialism politician, noted for his opposition to the far right....	Senate	Allier Allier Allier is a departments of France in south-central France named after the Allier River....	SFIO
Alfred Elmiger	Chamber of Deputies	Rhône	Independent Left
Paul Fleurot	Senate	Seine	Radical-Socialist
Émile Fouchard	Chamber of Deputies	Seine-et-Marne	Union populaire française Union populaire française The Union populaire fran?aise was a grouping in the French Parliament formed in 1939 by breakaway members of the French Communist Party who opposed the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact....
Edouard Froment	Chamber of Deputies	Ardêche Ardèche Ard?che is a departments of France in south-central France named after the Ard?che River....	SFIO
Paul Giaccobi	Senate	Corse Corsica Corsica is the Mediterranean islands#By area in the Mediterranean Sea . It is located west of Italy, southeast of the France mainland, and north of the island of Sardinia....	Radical-Socialist
Justin Godart	Senate	Rhône	Radical-Socialist
Félix Gouin Félix Gouin F?lix Gouin was a France Socialist politician, member of the SFIO....	Chamber of Deputies	Bouches-du-Rhône Bouches-du-Rhône Bouches-du-Rh?ne is a departments of France in the south of France named after the mouth of the Rh?ne River....	SFIO
Henri Gout Henri Gout Henri Gout was a France politician.Born in Badens , he studied medicine before becoming involved in politics as a member of the Republican, Radical and Radical-Socialist Party ....	Chamber of Deputies	Aude	Radical-Socialist
Louis Gros	Senate	Vaucluse Vaucluse The Vaucluse is a departments of France in the southeast of France, named after the famous spring, the Fontaine-de-Vaucluse....	SFIO
Amédée Guy	Chamber of Deputies	Haute-Savoie Haute-Savoie Haute-Savoie is a France departments of France, named for its location in the Alps mountain range....	SFIO
Jean Hennessy	Chamber of Deputies	Alpes-Maritimes Alpes-Maritimes Alpes-Maritimes is a departments of France in the extreme southeast corner of France....	Independent Left
Lucien Hussel	Chamber of Deputies	Isère	SFIO
André Isoré	Chamber of Deputies	Pas-de-Calais Pas-de-Calais Pas-de-Calais is a Departments of France in northern France. Its name is the French language equivalent of the Strait of Dover, which it borders....	Radical-Socialist
Eugène Jardon	Chamber of Deputies	Allier	Union populaire française
Jean-Alexis Jaubert	Chamber of Deputies	Corrèze Corrèze Corr?ze is a departments of France in south central France, named after the Corr?ze River....	Radical-Socialist
Claude Jordery	Chamber of Deputies	Rhône	SFIO
François Labrousse	Senate	Corrèze	Radical-Socialist
Albert Le Bail	Chamber of Deputies	Finistère Finistère Finist?re is a Departments of France of France, located in Bretagne ....	Radical-Socialist
Joseph Lecacheux	Chamber of Deputies	Manche Manche Manche is a France Departments of France in Normandy named after La Manche , which is the French language name for the English Channel....	Independent Radical
Victor Le Gorgeu	Senate	Finistère Finistère Finist?re is a Departments of France of France, located in Bretagne ....	Radical-Socialist
Justin Luquot	Chamber of Deputies	Gironde	SFIO
Augustin Malroux	Chamber of Deputies	Tarn	SFIO
Gaston Manent	Chamber of Deputies	Hautes-Pyrénées Hautes-Pyrénées Hautes-Pyr?n?es is a departments of France in southwestern France. It is part of the Midi-Pyr?n?es region....	Radical-Socialist
Alfred Margaine	Chamber of Deputies	Marne Marne Marne is a departments of France in north-eastern France named after the Marne River which flows through the department. The prefectures in France of Marne is Ch?lons-en-Champagne ....	Radical-Socialist
Léon Martin	Chamber of Deputies	Isère	SFIO
Robert Mauger	Chamber of Deputies	Loir-et-Cher Loir-et-Cher Loir-et-Cher is a departments of France in north-central France named after the rivers Loir and Cher River....	SFIO
Jean Mendiondou	Chamber of Deputies	Basses-Pyrénées	Radical-Socialist
Jules Moch Jules Moch Jules Salvador Moch was a France politician....	Chamber of Deputies	Hérault	SFIO
Maurice Montel	Chamber of Deputies	Cantal Cantal Cantal is a departments of France in south-central France. It is named after the Cantal mountain range, a group of extinct, eroded volcanic peaks, which covers much of the department....	Independent Left
Léonel de Moustier Léonel de Moustier Marquis L?onel de Moustier was a France businessman and politician.L?onel Marie Ghislain Alfred de Moustier, son of Marquis Pierre de Moustier, was born in Paris....	Chamber of Deputies	Doubs Doubs Doubs is a departments of France in eastern France named after the Doubs River. Its French pronunciation is /du/ ....	Républicain indépendant
Marius Moutet	Chamber of Deputies	Drôme Drôme Dr?me is a Departments of France in southeastern France named after the Dr?me River....	SFIO
René Nicod	Chamber of Deputies	Ain Ain Ain is a Departments of France named after the Ain River on the eastern edge of France. Being part of the region Rh?ne-Alpes and bordered by the rivers Sa?ne and Rh?ne, the department of Ain enjoys a privileged geographic situation....	Union populaire française
Louis Noguères Louis Noguères Louis Nogu?res was a France politician and member of the French Resistance.Son of a magistrate, Louis Nogu?res was born at Laval, Mayenne. His family moved frequently and Louis attended schools in Laval, Angers, Chamb?ry, and Le Havre....	Chamber of Deputies	Pyrénées-Orientales Pyrénées-Orientales Pyr?n?es-Orientales is a departments of France of southern France adjacent to the northern Spain frontier and the Mediterranean Sea....	SFIO
Jean Odin Jean Odin Jean Ernest S?bastien Odin was a France politician.Odin was born in Bordeaux, where his father worked as a ship's captain. At a young age Odin moved to Noumea, New Caledonia, where his father had been transferred, and attended school there....	Senate	Gironde	Radical-Socialist
Joseph Paul-Boncour Joseph Paul-Boncour Augustin Alfred Joseph Paul-Boncour was a French politician of the French Third Republic....	Senate	Loir-et-Cher	Radical-Socialist
Jean Perrot	Chamber of Deputies	Finistère Finistère Finist?re is a Departments of France of France, located in Bretagne ....	Radical-Socialist
Georges Pézières	Senate	Pyrénées-Orientales	SFIO
André Philip	Chamber of Deputies	Rhône	SFIO
Marcel Plaisant	Senate	Cher Cher (département) Cher is an administrative departments of France located in the centre of France. It is named after the Cher River....	Radical-Socialist
François Tanguy-Prigent François Tanguy-Prigent Fran?ois Tanguy-Prigent was a French politician and resistance fighter. .Born in the small town of Saint-Jean-du-Doigt, in the Finist?re d?partement in France of Bretagne, France, Tanguy-Prigent becomes politically active at age 16....	Chamber of Deputies	Finistère Finistère Finist?re is a Departments of France of France, located in Bretagne ....	SFIO
Paul Ramadier Paul Ramadier Paul Ramadier was a prominent France SFIO of the French Third Republic and French Fourth Republic Republics. Mayor of Decazeville starting in 1919, he served as the first Prime Minister of France of the Fourth Republic in 1947....	Chamber of Deputies	Aveyron Aveyron Aveyron is a departments of France in southern France named after the Aveyron River....	Unregistered
Joseph-Paul Rambaud	Senate	Ariège	Radical-Socialist
René Renout	Senate	Var	Radical-Socialist
Léon Roche	Chamber of Deputies	Haute-Vienne Haute-Vienne Haute-Vienne is a France departments of France named after the Vienne River. It is one of three departments which together, constitute the French Regions of France of Limousin ....	SFIO
Camille Rolland	Senate	Rhône	Radical-Socialist
Jean-Louis Rolland	Chamber of Deputies	Finistère Finistère Finist?re is a Departments of France of France, located in Bretagne ....	SFIO
Joseph Rous	Chamber of Deputies	Pyrénées-Orientales	SFIO
Jean-Emmanuel Roy	Chamber of Deputies	Gironde	Radical-Socialist
Henry Sénès	Senate	Var	SFIO
Philippe Serre	Chamber of Deputies	Meurthe-et-Moselle Meurthe-et-Moselle Meurthe-et-Moselle is a departments of France in the northeast of France named after the Meurthe River and Moselle River rivers.History ...	Independent Left
Paul Simon	Chamber of Deputies	Finistère Finistère Finist?re is a Departments of France of France, located in Bretagne ....	Démocrate populaire
Gaston Thiébaut	Chamber of Deputies	Meuse Meuse Meuse is a departments of France in northeast France, named after the Meuse River....	Radical-Socialist
Isidore Thivrier	Chamber of Deputies	Allier	SFIO
Pierre Trémintin	Chamber of Deputies	Finistère Finistère Finist?re is a Departments of France of France, located in Bretagne ....	Démocrate populaire
Michel Zunino	Chamber of Deputies	Var	SFIO

External links

(an account in French of the circumstances surrounding the vote)
Les quatre-vingts by Jean Odin (ISBN 2-87938-080-4)