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The Democratic Republican Alliance (Alliance démocratique, AD, or Alliance républicaine démocratique, ARD) was a French political party
History of France

The History of France has been divided into a series of separate historical articles navigable through the list to the right. The chronological era articles address broad French historical, cultural and sociological developments....
 (1901-1978) created in 1901 by followers of Léon Gambetta
Léon Gambetta

L?on Gambetta was a France statesman prominent after the Franco-Prussian War....
, such as Raymond Poincaré
Raymond Poincaré

Raymond Poincar? was a France conservatism statesman who served as Prime Minister of France on five separate occasions and as President of France from 1913 to 1920....
 who would be president of the Council in the 1920s. The party was at first conceived by members of the Radical-Socialist Party
Radical-Socialist Party (France)

The Radical Party is a liberalism and centrism list of political parties in France. Founded in 1901 as Republican, Radical and Radical-Socialist Party , it is the oldest active political party in France....
 tied to the business world who united themselves in May 1901, along with many moderates, as gathering center-left liberals
Liberalism and radicalism in France

Liberalism and radicalism in France do not form the same type of ideology. In fact, the main line of conflict in France in the nineteenth century was between monarchism opponents of the Republic and supporters of the Republic ....
 and Republicans "opportunists
Opportunism

Opportunism is a term used in politics and political science. It forms an important rationale as well for transaction cost economics. It is interpreted in different ways, but usually refers to one or more of the following:...
" (Gambetta, etc.).






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The Democratic Republican Alliance (Alliance démocratique, AD, or Alliance républicaine démocratique, ARD) was a French political party
History of France

The History of France has been divided into a series of separate historical articles navigable through the list to the right. The chronological era articles address broad French historical, cultural and sociological developments....
 (1901-1978) created in 1901 by followers of Léon Gambetta
Léon Gambetta

L?on Gambetta was a France statesman prominent after the Franco-Prussian War....
, such as Raymond Poincaré
Raymond Poincaré

Raymond Poincar? was a France conservatism statesman who served as Prime Minister of France on five separate occasions and as President of France from 1913 to 1920....
 who would be president of the Council in the 1920s. The party was at first conceived by members of the Radical-Socialist Party
Radical-Socialist Party (France)

The Radical Party is a liberalism and centrism list of political parties in France. Founded in 1901 as Republican, Radical and Radical-Socialist Party , it is the oldest active political party in France....
 tied to the business world who united themselves in May 1901, along with many moderates, as gathering center-left liberals
Liberalism and radicalism in France

Liberalism and radicalism in France do not form the same type of ideology. In fact, the main line of conflict in France in the nineteenth century was between monarchism opponents of the Republic and supporters of the Republic ....
 and Republicans "opportunists
Opportunism

Opportunism is a term used in politics and political science. It forms an important rationale as well for transaction cost economics. It is interpreted in different ways, but usually refers to one or more of the following:...
" (Gambetta, etc.). However, after World War I
World War I

World War I, or the First World War , was a global military conflict which involved the Great powers, organized into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War I and the Central Powers....
 and the parliamentary disappearance of monarchists
Monarchism

Monarchism is the advocacy of the establishment, preservation, or restoration of a monarchy as a form of government in a nation. A monarchist is an individual who supports this form of government out of principle, independent from the person, the Monarch....
 and Bonapartists
Bonapartism

Bonapartism is often defined as a political expression in the vocabulary of Marxism and Leninism, deriving from the career of Napoleon Bonaparte....
, it quickly became the main center-right party of the Third Republic
French Third Republic

The French Third Republic was the political regime of France between the Second French Empire and the Vichy France. It was a republican parliamentary democracy that was created on 4 September 1870 following the collapse of the Empire of Napoleon III of France in the Franco-Prussian War....
. It was part of the National Bloc
National Bloc (France)

The National Bloc was a center-right coalition in France which was in power from 1919 to 1924....
 right-wing coalition which won the elections after the end of the war. The ARD successively took the name Parti Républicain Démocratique (Democratic Republican Party, PRD)) then Parti Républicain Démocratique et Social ("Social and Republican Democratic Party"), before becoming again the AD.

The ARD was completely discredited after Vichy
Vichy France

Vichy France, or the Vichy regime are the common terms used to describe the government of France from July 1940 to August 1944. This government, which succeeded the French Third Republic, officially called itself the French State , in contrast with the previous designation, "French Republic." Marshal of France Philippe P?tain pro...
's collaborationist
Collaborationism

Collaborationism, can describe the treason of cooperation with enemy forces Military occupation one's country. As such it implies Crime deeds in the service of the occupying Power , including complicit with the occupying power in murder, persecutions, pillage, and economy exploitation as well as participation in a puppet government....
 regime, an option strongly supported by its major leader Pierre-Etienne Flandin and other members such as Joseph Barthélémy. The center-right party tried to reform itself under the direction of Joseph Laniel
Joseph Laniel

Joseph Laniel was a French conservative politician of the French Fourth Republic, who served as Prime Minister of France for a year from 1953 to 1954....
, who had taken part in the Resistance
French Resistance

File:Croix de Lorraine2.svgThe French Resistance is the collective name used for the French resistance movements which fought against the Nazi Germany German occupation of France in World War II and the collaborationist Vichy Regime during World War II....
. It temporarily joined the RGR (Rassemblement des gauches républicaines), before merging into the Centre national des indépendants et paysans (CNI, National Center of Independents and Peasants). The AD, which in contrast to the SFIO
Sfio

Sfio, or Safe/Fast String/File I/O, is a C I/O Library developed by David Korn and Kiem-Phong Vo AT&T Labs Research, intended as a replacement for the standard C stdio.h....
 or the French Communist Party
French Communist Party

The French Communist Party is a political party in France which advocates the principles of communism. Although its electoral support has greatly declined in recent decades, it remains the largest party in France advocating communist views, and retains a large membership and considerable influence in French politics....
 (PCF) never became a mass political party founded on voting discipline (in these left-wing parties, deputies usually vote in agreement with the party's consensus), turned at that time in little more than an intellectual circle, whose members met during suppers. However, it was dissolved in only 1978, long after its effective disappearance from the political scene.

Under the Third Republic, the majority of the AD's deputies sat in the "Left Republicans" (Républicain de Gauche) group, the main center-right parliamentary formation (due to a particularity called "sinistrisme
Sinistrisme

Sinistrisme is a neologism invented by Albert Thibaudet in Les id?es politiques de la France . He referred to the progressive substitution of left wing parties by new, more radical parties, which in turn pushed each party towards the center ....
," French right-wing politicians have for a very long time refused to admit belonging to the right-wing, as the Republic was traditionally associated with the left-wing and the right-wing with monarchists such as the Legitimists or the Orleanists).

Names


  • Democratic Republican Alliance (Alliance Républicaine Démocratique, ARD): 1901 - 1911
  • Republican Democratic Party (Parti Républicain Démocratique, PRD): 1911 - June 30 1920
  • Democratic, Republican, and Social Party (Parti Républicain Démocratique et Social, PRDS) June 30 1920 - 1926
  • Democratic Alliance (Alliance Démocratique, AD): 1926 - 1940/1978


Election Results


  • 1902
    French legislative election, 1902

    The 1902 general election was held on April 27 and May 11, 1902.ResultsSources ...
    : 5.96%
  • 1906
    French legislative election, 1906

    The 1906 general election was held on May 6 and 20, 1906.ResultsSources ...
    : 7.99%
  • 1910
    French legislative election, 1910

    The 1910 general election was held on April 24 and May 8, 1910.ResultsSources ...
    : 12.13%
  • 1914
    French legislative election, 1914

    The 1914 general elections were held on April 26 and May 10, 1914, months before the outbreak of the First World War. The left won a landslide and allied itself with the center to form a majority of 475 deputies out of 601, later called the Union sacr?e....
    : 28.55%
  • 1919
    French legislative election, 1919

    The 1919 legislative election, the first election held after World War I, was held on November 16 and 30, 1919.Proportional representation by Departments of France replaced the Two-round system by Arrondissements of France in use since 1889....
    : 21.56% (with other centre-right parties)
  • 1924
    French legislative election, 1924

    The 1924 legislative election was held on May 11 and 25, 1924.ResultsSources ...
    : 11.76% (with other centre-right parties)
  • 1928
    French legislative election, 1928

    File:Bundesarchiv Bild 102-05349, Paris, Wahlplakate.jpgThe 1928 general election was held on April 22 and 29, 1928....
    : 13.08% (with other centre-right parties)
  • 1932
    French legislative election, 1932

    The 1932 general elections were held on May 1 and 8, 1932.ResultsSources ...
    : 13.57%
  • 1936
    French legislative election, 1936

    French legislative elections to elect the 16th legislature of the French Third Republic were held on April 26 and May 3,1936. This was the last legislature of the Third Republic and the last election before the Second World War....
    : 25.76% (with other centre-right parties and the PDP)


See also

  • Albert Lebrun
    Albert Lebrun

    Albert Lebrun was a France politician, President of France from 1932 to 1940, and as such was the last president of the French Third Republic. He was a member of the center-right Democratic Republican Alliance ....
    , member of the AD
  • Liberalism and radicalism in France
    Liberalism and radicalism in France

    Liberalism and radicalism in France do not form the same type of ideology. In fact, the main line of conflict in France in the nineteenth century was between monarchism opponents of the Republic and supporters of the Republic ....
  • France in the twentieth century
    France in the twentieth century

    The History of France from 1914 to the present includes:*the later years of the Third French Republic *World War I *World War II *the French Fourth Republic ...
  • Paul Reynaud
    Paul Reynaud

    Paul Reynaud was a France politician and lawyer prominent in the interwar period, noted for his stances on economic liberalism and militant opposition to Germany....


Bibliography


  • Rosemonde Samson, L'Alliance républicaine démocratique, une formation de centre, Presses universitaires de Rennes, coll. « Carnot », 2003