Jules Salvador Moch (born in
ParisParis is the capital of France and the country's most populous city. It is situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
on March 15, 1893–died on August 1, 1985, age 92, in
CabrisCabris is a commune of the Alpes-Maritimes department in south-eastern France.Also, a drink made with bitters and tonic; optionally gin. Garnished with mint....
of
Alpes-MaritimesAlpes-Maritimes is a department in the extreme southeast corner of France.- History : was created by Octavian as a Roman military district in 14 BCE, and became a full Roman province in the middle of the 1
st century CE with its capital first at Cemenelum and subsequently at Embrun...
) was a
FrenchFrance , officially the French Republic , is a country located in Western Europe, with several overseas islands and territories located on other continents. Metropolitan France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean...
politicianA politician or political leader is an individual who is involved in influencing public decision making. This includes people who hold decision-making positions in government, and people who seek those positions, whether by means of election, coup d'état, appointment, electoral fraud, conquest,...
.
Jules was born in a renown French Jewish Military Family, The Son of Capt.
Gaston MochGaston Moch was the secretary of the Esperantist Centra Oficejo and a member of the Lingva Komitato....
and Grandson of
Col. Jules MochCol. Jules Moch Col. Jules Moch Col. Jules Moch (Born at Sarrelouis Aug 14, 1829 - Died in Paris Aug 8, 1881. French officer. He was a colonel of the 130th. Regiment of Infantry....
. His upbringing occurred during a growing socialist movement in France. As an engineer (
polytechnicienThe École Polytechnique is the foremost French engineering school. Known for its extremely competitive entrance exam, it produces graduates that occupy outstanding positions in industry and research...
) who took part in the X-Crise Group, he was a socialist member of Parliament for
DrômeDrôme is a department in southeastern France named after the Drôme River.-History:Drôme is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on March 4, 1790...
and then
HéraultHérault is a department in the south of France named after the Hérault river.-History:Hérault is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790. It was created from part of the former province of Languedoc....
from 1928 to 1936 and from 1937 to 1940.
Jules Salvador Moch (born in
ParisParis is the capital of France and the country's most populous city. It is situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
on March 15, 1893–died on August 1, 1985, age 92, in
CabrisCabris is a commune of the Alpes-Maritimes department in south-eastern France.Also, a drink made with bitters and tonic; optionally gin. Garnished with mint....
of
Alpes-MaritimesAlpes-Maritimes is a department in the extreme southeast corner of France.- History : was created by Octavian as a Roman military district in 14 BCE, and became a full Roman province in the middle of the 1
st century CE with its capital first at Cemenelum and subsequently at Embrun...
) was a
FrenchFrance , officially the French Republic , is a country located in Western Europe, with several overseas islands and territories located on other continents. Metropolitan France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean...
politicianA politician or political leader is an individual who is involved in influencing public decision making. This includes people who hold decision-making positions in government, and people who seek those positions, whether by means of election, coup d'état, appointment, electoral fraud, conquest,...
.
Biography
Jules was born in a renown French Jewish Military Family, The Son of Capt.
Gaston MochGaston Moch was the secretary of the Esperantist Centra Oficejo and a member of the Lingva Komitato....
and Grandson of
Col. Jules MochCol. Jules Moch Col. Jules Moch Col. Jules Moch (Born at Sarrelouis Aug 14, 1829 - Died in Paris Aug 8, 1881. French officer. He was a colonel of the 130th. Regiment of Infantry....
. His upbringing occurred during a growing socialist movement in France. As an engineer (
polytechnicienThe École Polytechnique is the foremost French engineering school. Known for its extremely competitive entrance exam, it produces graduates that occupy outstanding positions in industry and research...
) who took part in the X-Crise Group, he was a socialist member of Parliament for
DrômeDrôme is a department in southeastern France named after the Drôme River.-History:Drôme is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on March 4, 1790...
and then
HéraultHérault is a department in the south of France named after the Hérault river.-History:Hérault is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790. It was created from part of the former province of Languedoc....
from 1928 to 1936 and from 1937 to 1940. He was Under-secretary of State in prime minister
Léon BlumAndré Léon Blum was a French politician, usually identified with the moderate left, and three times the Prime Minister of France.-Childhood and education:...
's office (1937) and became
Minister of Public WorksThe Minister of Public Works was a cabinet member in the Government of France. Formerly known as "Ministre des Travaux Publics" , in 1870, it was largely subsumed by the position of Minister of Transportation. Since the 1960s, the positions of Minister of Public Works has reappeared, often...
in 1938. He later became critical of The Vichy French Government and was jailed, but later he was released.
During
World War IIWorld War II, or the Second World War , was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including all great powers, organized into two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
Moch joined and helped organize the Paris underground. He also helped other
French ResistanceThe French Resistance is the collective name used for the French resistance movements which fought against the Nazi German occupation of France and the collaborationist Vichy Regime during World War II...
activities in France. When The
Free French Naval ForcesLes Forces Navales Françaises Libres were the naval arm of the Free French Forces during the Second World War. They were commanded by Admiral Emile Muselier.- History :...
was organized, he rallied to
de GaulleCharles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle was a French general and statesman who led the Free French Forces during World War II...
in 1942 and participated in The Invasion of Normandy toward The Free French Liberation of France with The Allied Forces.
In Post World War II, Moch was a member of the Consultative Assembly (1944) and of the two Constituent National Assemblies (1945–46) and then of the
National AssemblyThe National Assembly is either a legislature, or the lower house of a bicameral legislature in some countries. The best known National Assembly, and the first legislature to be known by this title, was that established during the French Revolution in 1789, known as the Assemblée nationale...
(1946–1958 and 1962–1967). He was eight times Minister during the
Fourth RepublicThere were several Fourth Republics in the course of history, and one currently existing example:* French Fourth Republic * Fourth Republic of the Philippines * Fourth Republic of South Korea...
: Public works and Transportation (1945–1947), Interior (1947–1950), Defence (1950-1951). As
Transport MinisterThe Minister of Transport is a cabinet member in the Government of France. The position was created in 1870 as a modification of that of the Minister of Public Works...
, he contributed to the rebuilding of railways, ports, road, navy and
aviationAviation is the activity involving man-made air-borne flying devices , including the people, organizations, and regulatory bodies involved with them.- History :...
. As Interior Minister, he had to deal with the communist-inspired great strikes in November 1947 and has shown great firmness. In the Defence Ministry, he contributed to the modernisation of the Army, organised French participation in the
Korean warThe Korean War is a war that started between North Korea and South Korea on 25 June 1950 and paused with an armistice signed 27 July, 1953...
and the implementation of
NATOThe North Atlantic Treaty Organization ); ), also called "the Atlantic Alliance", is an intergovernmental military alliance based on the North Atlantic Treaty which was signed on April 4, 1949...
. He also suggested and participated in the forming of METO for The Middle East. He fought the gaullist and communist parties during the Fourth Republic and was one of the leaders of the
Troisième Force.
Jules Moch was
deputy prime ministerA Deputy Prime Minister or Vice Prime Minister is, in some countries, a government minister who can take the position of acting Prime Minister when the Prime Minister is temporarily absent. The position is often likened to that of a vice president, but is significantly different, though both...
from 1949 to 1950. He was France's delegate at the UN disarmement commission from 1951 to 1960. As
rapporteurRapporteur is used in international and European legal and political contexts to refer to a person appointed by a deliberative body to investigate an issue or a situation and report to that body....
of the Foreign affairs Committee, he opposed the European Community of Defence that was defeated by the National Assembly in 1954. His last ministerial post was in
Pierre PflimlinPierre Eugène Jean Pflimlin was a French Christian democratic politician who served as the penultimate Prime Minister of the Fourth Republic for a few weeks in 1958, before being replaced by Charles de Gaulle during the crisis of that year.-Life:Pfilimlin was born in Roubaix in the département...
's government in May 1958, where he played an important role in the 1958 Crisis of French Algeria, as Interior Minister. He left the socialist party in 1975.
He was married to Germaine Picard, one of the first early woman lawyers of France and a legal advocate-supporter with other reknown supporters in the defence of Capt.
Alfred DreyfusAlfred Dreyfus was a French artillery officer of Jewish background whose trial and conviction in 1894 on charges of treason became one of the most tense political dramas in modern French and European history...
(see also The
Dreyfus AffairThe Dreyfus Affair was a political scandal that divided France in the 1890s and the early 1900s. It involved the conviction for treason in November, 1894 of Captain Alfred Dreyfus, a young French artillery officer of Alsatian Jewish descent...
). She was also an active advocate of The
Women's RightsThe term women's rights refers to freedoms and entitlements of women and girls of all ages. These rights may or may not be institutionalized, ignored or suppressed by law, local custom, and behavior in a particular society...
Movement in France and Europe.
Though other noted individuals lay claim, it is alleged that the name The Cold War was officially "coined" after a speech he made in 1948, over his concern on the growing rift that developed between
The Allied PowersThe Allied Powers can refer to:*The Allied Powers, member nations of the World War I Alliance*The Allied Powers, member nations of the World War II Alliance*The Allied Powers, the short-lived professional wrestling tag team...
of Western Europe and The
Warsaw PactThe Warsaw Pact is the informal name for the mutual defense Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance subscribed by eight Communist states in Eastern Europe, that was established at the USSR’s initiative and realised on 14 May 1955, in Warsaw, Poland...
Forces of Eastern Europe.
Publications
He has published:
- Confrontations (Doctrines - Déviations - Expériences - Espérances), Gallimard 1952
- Yougoslavie, terre d'expérience, éd. du Rocher, Monaco, 1953
- Histoire du réarmement allemand depuis 1950, Robert Laffont, 1954
- Alerte, le problème crucial de la Communauté Européenne de défense, Robert Laffont
- La folie des hommes (about the atomic bomb, Robert Laffont, 1954
- En 1961, Paix en Algérie, Robert Laffont
- Non à la force de frappe, Robert Laffont, 1963
- Le Front Populaire, Perrin 1971
- Rencontre avec Charles de Gaulle, 1971
- Une si longue vie, témoignages, Robert Laffont, 1976
- Le communisme jamais, Plon 1978
Biography
- Eric Méchoulan has written a book: Jules Moch un socialiste dérangeant, published by Bruylant.
- Autobiography of Jules Moch: "Jules Moch" une si longue vie, published by Robert Laffont 1976, Paris
See also