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Regnans in Excelsis

 
Regnans in Excelsis

 
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]] Regnans in Excelsis was a papal bull
Papal bull

A Papal bull is a particular type of letters patent or charter issued by a pope. It is named after the bulla that was appended to the end to authenticate it....
 issued on February 25, 1570, by Pope Pius V
Pope Pius V

Pope Saint Pius V , born Antonio Ghislieri was Pope from 1566 to 1572 and is a saint of the Roman Catholic Church. He is chiefly notable for his role in the implementation of the Council of Trent, the Counterreformation and the standardisation of the liturgy....
 declaring "Elizabeth
Elizabeth I of England

Elizabeth I was List of English monarchs and Queen of Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death. Sometimes called The Virgin Queen, Gloriana, or Good Queen Bess, Elizabeth was the fifth and last monarch of the House of Tudor....
, the pretended Queen of England and the servant of crime" to be a heretic
Heresy

Heresy is an introduced change to some system of belief, especially a religion, that conflicts with the previously established canon of that belief....
 and releasing all her subjects from any allegiance
Allegiance

An allegiance is a duty of fidelity said to be owed by a subject or a citizen to his/her state or Monarch....
 to her and excommunicating any that obeyed her orders. ]]

The bull, written in Latin
Latin

Latin is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Through the Military history of the Roman Empire, Latin spread throughout the Mediterranean and a large part of Europe....
, is named from its incipit
Incipit

The incipit of a text, such as a poem, song, or book, is its first few words or opening line. In music it can also refer to the opening notes of a composition....
, the first three words of its text, which mean "ruling from on high" (a reference to God
God

God is a deity in theism and deism religions and other belief systems, representing either the sole deity in monotheism, or a principal deity in polytheism....
).






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]] Regnans in Excelsis was a papal bull
Papal bull

A Papal bull is a particular type of letters patent or charter issued by a pope. It is named after the bulla that was appended to the end to authenticate it....
 issued on February 25, 1570, by Pope Pius V
Pope Pius V

Pope Saint Pius V , born Antonio Ghislieri was Pope from 1566 to 1572 and is a saint of the Roman Catholic Church. He is chiefly notable for his role in the implementation of the Council of Trent, the Counterreformation and the standardisation of the liturgy....
 declaring "Elizabeth
Elizabeth I of England

Elizabeth I was List of English monarchs and Queen of Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death. Sometimes called The Virgin Queen, Gloriana, or Good Queen Bess, Elizabeth was the fifth and last monarch of the House of Tudor....
, the pretended Queen of England and the servant of crime" to be a heretic
Heresy

Heresy is an introduced change to some system of belief, especially a religion, that conflicts with the previously established canon of that belief....
 and releasing all her subjects from any allegiance
Allegiance

An allegiance is a duty of fidelity said to be owed by a subject or a citizen to his/her state or Monarch....
 to her and excommunicating any that obeyed her orders. ]]

The bull, written in Latin
Latin

Latin is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Through the Military history of the Roman Empire, Latin spread throughout the Mediterranean and a large part of Europe....
, is named from its incipit
Incipit

The incipit of a text, such as a poem, song, or book, is its first few words or opening line. In music it can also refer to the opening notes of a composition....
, the first three words of its text, which mean "ruling from on high" (a reference to God
God

God is a deity in theism and deism religions and other belief systems, representing either the sole deity in monotheism, or a principal deity in polytheism....
). Among the queen's offences, "She has removed the royal Council, composed of the nobility of England, and has filled it with obscure men, being heretics."

Pius had previously reconciled with Mary I
Mary I of England

Mary I , was Queen of England and Monarchy of Ireland from 19 July 1553 until her death. The fourth crowned monarch of the Tudor dynasty, she is remembered for restoring England to Roman Catholicism after succeeding her short-lived half brother, Edward VI of England, to the English throne....
, who returned the Church of England
Church of England

The Church of England is the State religion Christianity Ecclesia in England, the Mother Church of the worldwide Anglican Communion and the oldest among the communion's thirty-eight independent national and regional churches....
 to Roman Catholicism. After Mary's death in November 1558, Elizabeth's Parliament passed the Act of Supremacy of 1559
Act of Supremacy 1559

The Act of Supremacy 1559 was an Act of Parliament of the Parliament of England, passed under the auspices of Elizabeth I. It replaced the original Act of Supremacy 1534 issued by Elizabeth's father, Henry VIII of England, which arrogated ecclesiastical authority to the monarchy, and which had been repealed by Mary I of England....
, which re-established the Church of England
Church of England

The Church of England is the State religion Christianity Ecclesia in England, the Mother Church of the worldwide Anglican Communion and the oldest among the communion's thirty-eight independent national and regional churches....
’s independence from Rome
Roman Catholic Church

The Roman Catholic Church, officially known as the Catholic Church is the world's largest Christianity Ecclesia , representing over half of all Christians and one-sixth of the world population....
.

Aftermath of the bull

The bull provoked the English government into taking more repressive actions against the Jesuits
Society of Jesus

The Society of Jesus is a Roman Catholic religious order of clerks regular whose members are called Jesuits, Soldiers of Jesus Christ, and Foot soldiers of the Pope, because the founder, Saint Ignatius of Loyola, was a knight before becoming a Holy Orders....
, whom they feared to be acting in the interests of Spain
Spain

Spain or the Kingdom of Spain , is a country located in Southern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.The Spanish constitution does not establish any official denomination of the country, even though Espa?a , Estado espa?ol and Naci?n espa?ola are used interchangeably....
 and the papacy. This reaction soon seemed justified: it was the publication in England of Pius's exhortation that gave the impetus to the Ridolfi plot
Ridolfi plot

The Ridolfi plot was a Roman Catholic plot in 1570 to assassinate Elizabeth I of England and replace her with Mary I of Scotland. The plot was hatched and planned by Roberto di Ridolfi, an international banker who was able to travel between Brussels, Rome and Madrid to gather support without attracting too much suspicion....
, in which the Duke of Norfolk
Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk

Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk was an England nobleman, also the 1st Earl of Southampton.Norfolk was the son of the poet Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey....
 was to kidnap or murder Queen Elizabeth, install Mary Queen of Scots
Mary I of Scotland

Mary I was Queen of Scots from 14 December 1542 to 24 July 1567.She was the only surviving legitimate child of James V of Scotland. She was only six days old when her father died and left her Queen of Scots....
 on the throne and then become de facto king by marrying her.

To relieve the pressures on Roman Catholics in England, Pope Gregory XIII
Pope Gregory XIII

Pope Gregory XIII , born Ugo Boncompagni, was Pope from 1572 to 1585....
 issued a clarification in 1580, explaining that Catholics should obey the queen in all civil matters, until such time as a suitable opportunity presented itself for her overthrow. Soon after the start of the Anglo-Spanish war
Anglo-Spanish War (1585)

The Anglo?Spanish War was an intermittent conflict between the kingdoms of Spain and Kingdom of England that was never formally declared. The war was punctuated by widely separated battles, and began with England's unsuccessful military expedition in 1585 to the Netherlands under the command of the Earl of Leicester in support of the resista...
 (1585-1604) an Act "against Jesuits, seminary priests and other such like disobedient persons" was passed into law.

In 1588 Pope Sixtus V, in support of the Spanish Armada
Spanish Armada

The Spanish Armada was the Habsburg Spain fleet that sailed against England under the command of the Alonso de Guzm?n El Bueno, 7th Duke of Medina Sidonia in 1588, leading to the Drake-Norris Expedition of 1589, also known as the English Armada....
, renewed the solemn bull of excommunication against Queen Elizabeth I, for the regicide
Regicide

The broad definition of regicide is the deliberate killing of a monarch, or the person responsible for the killing of a monarch. In a narrower sense, in the United Kingdom tradition, it refers to the judicial execution of a king after alleged due process of law....
 of Mary Queen of Scots in 1587 as well as the previously catalogued offences against the Roman Catholic Church. During the threat of invasion by the Spanish Armada, it transpired that most of the Roman Catholic residents in England remained loyal, and that those who were a real threat to the throne, like Cardinal William Allen and Robert Parsons
Robert Parsons (priest)

Robert Persons , later known as Robert Parsons, was an English Society of Jesus priest....
, were already exiles.

See also

  • Cuius regio, eius religio
    Cuius regio, eius religio

    Cuius regio, eius religio is a List of Latin phrases that means "Whose realm, his religion". In other words, the religion of the monarch or other god Emperor would be the religion of the people....
  • Desmond Rebellion
  • John Felton
    John Felton (martyr)

    Beatification John Felton was an English Catholic martyr, who was executed during the reign of Elizabeth I.Almost all of what is known about Felton's background comes from the narrative of his daughter, Frances Salisbury....
  • Religion in the United Kingdom
    Religion in the United Kingdom

    Religion in the United Kingdom is about the development of religion in the United Kingdom since its formation in 1707. The Treaty of Union that led to the formation of the United Kingdom ensured that there would be a protestant succession as well as a link between Separation of church and state that still remains....

External links