Records of Three Kingdoms
Encyclopedia
Records of Three Kingdoms , is regarded as the official and authoritative historical text on the Three Kingdoms
period of Chinese history covering the years 184-280 CE. Written by Chen Shou
in the 3rd century, the work combines the smaller histories of the rival states of Cao Wei
(曹魏), Shu Han
(蜀漢) and Eastern Wu
(東吳) of the Three Kingdoms into a single text. Records of Three Kingdoms provided the basis for the later historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms
, written in the 14th century.
, Book of Han
and Book of Later Han
, the book is part of the early four historiographies of the Twenty-Four Histories
canon. It contains 65 volumes and about 360,000 words which are broken into three books. The Book of Wei contains 30 volumes, the Book of Shu contains 15 volumes while the Book of Wu contains 20 volumes. Each volume is organised in the form of one or more biographies. The amount of space a biography takes up is dictated by the importance of the figure.
The original author was Chen Shou
, who was born in present day Nanchong
, Sichuan
, in Kingdom of Shu. After the fall of Shu
in 263, he became the Gentleman of Works, and was assigned to create a history of the Three Kingdoms
. After the fall of Wu
in 280, his work received the acclaim of senior minister Zhang Hua
. Earlier to the period, the state of Wei and Wu both had their own histories and it was with these works as basis that he began his work. But since the state of Shu lacked a history of its own, the data was composed by him according to what he could remember, as well as primary documents, such as the works of Zhuge Liang
, which he had collected. The book used the date after the fall of Han Dynasty
in 220 as standard for the state of Wei. The Book of Wei referred the rulers of Wei as emperors, whilst the rulers of Shu were referred to as lords, and rulers of Wu only by their names or with the title 'the Wu ruler'. This is to uphold the legitimacy of the court of Jin as inheritor of the Mandate of Heaven
from Wei. The use of title 'lord' for the rulers of Shu shows in part his sympathy towards his native land.
(裴松之) (372-451), who was born in present day Yuncheng, Shanxi. After leaving his native land, he became the Gentleman of Texts under Song
of Southern Dynasties, and was given the assignment of editing the book, which was completed in 429. This became the official history of the Three Kingdoms period, under the title Sanguozhi zhu (zhu meaning "notes"). He went about providing detailed explanations to some of the geography and other elements mentioned in the original. More importantly, he made corrections to the work, in consultation with records he collected of the period. In regard to historical events and figures, as well as Chen Shou
's opinions, he added his own commentary. From his broad research, he was able to create a history which was relatively complete, without many of the loose ends of the original. Some of the added material was colorful and of questionable authenticity, possibly fictional. All the additional material made for a book three times the length of the original.
have been so confused in the centuries that the Records of Three Kingdoms is often regarded as an invaluable resource. Its information, although contained errors itself, is nevertheless much more accurate than the embellishments of later writers. Many of the political, economic and military figures from the period of Three Kingdoms are included in the work as well as those who contributed to the fields of culture, arts and science. In its nature the work is indeed a chronicle, much like those of early Medieval Europe written much later. The text is bland and little more than a collection of historical facts. A typical extract:
The amount of creative imagination used in ancient Chinese historical narratives - of 'fictionalising', is impossible to estimate precisely. The great historian Sima Qian
employed this device in his work and it can be assumed that Chen Shou
also did this in his text. It is highly unlikely that various remarks which leaders or soldiers are supposed to have made in the heat of battle could have been taken down stenographically and thus many of them may be false.
Chen Shou, a former subject of Shu Han, favored his state over Eastern Wu in the work, but this preference was subordinate to the Jin Dynasty
viewpoint, which saw Cao Wei as the legitimate successor of the Han. He referred to the Cao Wei emperors as emperors, the Shu Han emperors as lords, and the Eastern Wu emperors by name or as "rulers", and never referred to the Wu wives as empresses, instead referring to them as ladies.
The book is also important to the research of Japan
's history
(where it is known as ), for its volume on the Wa people
is the first historical document to make explicit mention of Japan. It describes the ancient country of Yamataikoku
and its queen, Himiko.
Three Kingdoms
The Three Kingdoms period was a period in Chinese history, part of an era of disunity called the "Six Dynasties" following immediately the loss of de facto power of the Han Dynasty rulers. In a strict academic sense it refers to the period between the foundation of the state of Wei in 220 and the...
period of Chinese history covering the years 184-280 CE. Written by Chen Shou
Chen Shou
Chen Shou was a historian during the Jin Dynasty period of Chinese history. He is best known as the author of Records of Three Kingdoms, a historical account of the late Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms period.-Biography:...
in the 3rd century, the work combines the smaller histories of the rival states of Cao Wei
Cao Wei
Cao Wei was one of the states that competed for control of China during the Three Kingdoms period. With the capital at Luoyang, the state was established by Cao Pi in 220, based upon the foundations that his father Cao Cao laid...
(曹魏), Shu Han
Shu Han
Shu Han was one of the three states competing for control of China during the Three Kingdoms period, after the fall of the Han Dynasty. The state was based on areas around Sichuan, which was then known as Shu...
(蜀漢) and Eastern Wu
Eastern Wu
Eastern Wu, also known as Sun Wu, was one the three states competing for control of China during the Three Kingdoms period after the fall of the Han Dynasty. It was based in the Jiangnan region of China...
(東吳) of the Three Kingdoms into a single text. Records of Three Kingdoms provided the basis for the later historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms
Romance of the Three Kingdoms
Romance of the Three Kingdoms, written by Luo Guanzhong in the 14th century, is a Chinese historical novel based on the events in the turbulent years near the end of the Han Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms era of Chinese history, starting in 169 and ending with the reunification of the land in...
, written in the 14th century.
Origin and structure
Together with the Records of the Grand HistorianRecords of the Grand Historian
The Records of the Grand Historian, also known in English by the Chinese name Shiji , written from 109 BC to 91 BC, was the Magnum opus of Sima Qian, in which he recounted Chinese history from the time of the Yellow Emperor until his own time...
, Book of Han
Book of Han
The Book of Han, Hanshu or History of the Former Han Dynasty |Fan Ye]] . Various scholars have estimated that the earliest material covered in the book dates back to between 206 and 202 BCE...
and Book of Later Han
Book of Later Han
The Book of the Later Han or the History of the Later Han is one of the official Chinese historical works which was compiled by Fan Ye in the 5th century, using a number of earlier histories and documents as sources...
, the book is part of the early four historiographies of the Twenty-Four Histories
Twenty-Four Histories
The Twenty-Four Histories is a collection of Chinese historical books covering a period from 3000 BC to the Ming Dynasty in the 17th century. The whole set contains 3213 volumes and about 40 million words...
canon. It contains 65 volumes and about 360,000 words which are broken into three books. The Book of Wei contains 30 volumes, the Book of Shu contains 15 volumes while the Book of Wu contains 20 volumes. Each volume is organised in the form of one or more biographies. The amount of space a biography takes up is dictated by the importance of the figure.
The original author was Chen Shou
Chen Shou
Chen Shou was a historian during the Jin Dynasty period of Chinese history. He is best known as the author of Records of Three Kingdoms, a historical account of the late Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms period.-Biography:...
, who was born in present day Nanchong
Nanchong
Nanchong is a prefecture-level city in the northeast of Sichuan Province of the People's Republic of China, with an area of 12,479 kilometers. and the home to 7,300,000 people. It has the second most populated area and suggested to be one of the eight largest cities of Sichuan Province...
, Sichuan
Sichuan
' , known formerly in the West by its postal map spellings of Szechwan or Szechuan is a province in Southwest China with its capital in Chengdu...
, in Kingdom of Shu. After the fall of Shu
Shu Han
Shu Han was one of the three states competing for control of China during the Three Kingdoms period, after the fall of the Han Dynasty. The state was based on areas around Sichuan, which was then known as Shu...
in 263, he became the Gentleman of Works, and was assigned to create a history of the Three Kingdoms
Three Kingdoms
The Three Kingdoms period was a period in Chinese history, part of an era of disunity called the "Six Dynasties" following immediately the loss of de facto power of the Han Dynasty rulers. In a strict academic sense it refers to the period between the foundation of the state of Wei in 220 and the...
. After the fall of Wu
Eastern Wu
Eastern Wu, also known as Sun Wu, was one the three states competing for control of China during the Three Kingdoms period after the fall of the Han Dynasty. It was based in the Jiangnan region of China...
in 280, his work received the acclaim of senior minister Zhang Hua
Zhang Hua
Zhang Hua , style name Maoxian , was a Jin Dynasty official and poet. He was a native of Fangcheng County, Zhili.-Background:...
. Earlier to the period, the state of Wei and Wu both had their own histories and it was with these works as basis that he began his work. But since the state of Shu lacked a history of its own, the data was composed by him according to what he could remember, as well as primary documents, such as the works of Zhuge Liang
Zhuge Liang
Zhuge Liang was a chancellor of the state of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history. He is often recognised as the greatest and most accomplished strategist of his era....
, which he had collected. The book used the date after the fall of Han Dynasty
Han Dynasty
The Han Dynasty was the second imperial dynasty of China, preceded by the Qin Dynasty and succeeded by the Three Kingdoms . It was founded by the rebel leader Liu Bang, known posthumously as Emperor Gaozu of Han. It was briefly interrupted by the Xin Dynasty of the former regent Wang Mang...
in 220 as standard for the state of Wei. The Book of Wei referred the rulers of Wei as emperors, whilst the rulers of Shu were referred to as lords, and rulers of Wu only by their names or with the title 'the Wu ruler'. This is to uphold the legitimacy of the court of Jin as inheritor of the Mandate of Heaven
Mandate of Heaven
The Mandate of Heaven is a traditional Chinese philosophical concept concerning the legitimacy of rulers. It is similar to the European concept of the divine right of kings, in that both sought to legitimaze rule from divine approval; however, unlike the divine right of kings, the Mandate of...
from Wei. The use of title 'lord' for the rulers of Shu shows in part his sympathy towards his native land.
Annotations from Pei Songzhi
In the 5th century, the work was further annotated by Pei SongzhiPei Songzhi
Pei Songzhi was commissioned by Emperor Wen of Liu Song to write a commentary on Chen Shou's Records of Three Kingdoms, providing additional detail omitted from the original work. His commentary, completed in 429, became integral to later editions of the Records, making the joint work three times...
(裴松之) (372-451), who was born in present day Yuncheng, Shanxi. After leaving his native land, he became the Gentleman of Texts under Song
Liu Song Dynasty
The Liu Song Dynasty , also known as Song Dynasty , Former Song , or Southern Song , was first of the four Southern Dynasties in China, succeeding the Eastern Jin Dynasty and followed by the Southern Qi Dynasty....
of Southern Dynasties, and was given the assignment of editing the book, which was completed in 429. This became the official history of the Three Kingdoms period, under the title Sanguozhi zhu (zhu meaning "notes"). He went about providing detailed explanations to some of the geography and other elements mentioned in the original. More importantly, he made corrections to the work, in consultation with records he collected of the period. In regard to historical events and figures, as well as Chen Shou
Chen Shou
Chen Shou was a historian during the Jin Dynasty period of Chinese history. He is best known as the author of Records of Three Kingdoms, a historical account of the late Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms period.-Biography:...
's opinions, he added his own commentary. From his broad research, he was able to create a history which was relatively complete, without many of the loose ends of the original. Some of the added material was colorful and of questionable authenticity, possibly fictional. All the additional material made for a book three times the length of the original.
Records of Three Kingdoms as historical record
The romantic and historical traditions for the period of Three KingdomsThree Kingdoms
The Three Kingdoms period was a period in Chinese history, part of an era of disunity called the "Six Dynasties" following immediately the loss of de facto power of the Han Dynasty rulers. In a strict academic sense it refers to the period between the foundation of the state of Wei in 220 and the...
have been so confused in the centuries that the Records of Three Kingdoms is often regarded as an invaluable resource. Its information, although contained errors itself, is nevertheless much more accurate than the embellishments of later writers. Many of the political, economic and military figures from the period of Three Kingdoms are included in the work as well as those who contributed to the fields of culture, arts and science. In its nature the work is indeed a chronicle, much like those of early Medieval Europe written much later. The text is bland and little more than a collection of historical facts. A typical extract:
In 219, the Former LordFrom this we can establish reasonably accurately the flow of events and how history unfolded but almost nothing about society or elements of institutions or policies.Liu BeiLiu Bei , also known as Liu Xuande, was a warlord, military general and later the founding emperor of the state of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms era of Chinese history...
became King of Hanzhong, and made Guan YuGuan YuGuan Yu was a general serving under the warlord Liu Bei during the late Eastern Han Dynasty of China. He played a significant role in the civil war that led to the collapse of the Han Dynasty and the establishment of the state of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period, of which Liu Bei was the...
General of the Vanguard. In the same year, Guan Yu attacked Cao RenCao RenCao Ren was a military general serving under the warlord Cao Cao during the late Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms era of Chinese history. He played a significant part in assisting Cao Cao in the civil wars leading to the end of the Han Dynasty...
at Fan with his followers. Lord CaoCao CaoCao Cao was a warlord and the penultimate chancellor of the Eastern Han Dynasty who rose to great power during the dynasty's final years. As one of the central figures of the Three Kingdoms period, he laid the foundations for what was to become the state of Cao Wei and was posthumously titled...
sent Yu JinYu JinYu Jin was a military general serving under the warlord Cao Cao during the late Han Dynasty period of Chinese history. He joined Cao in the early years of the civil wars that led to the collapse of the Han Dynasty...
to aid Cao Ren. In the autumn, great rains caused the Han River to flood, Yu Jin and the seven armies were lost.
The amount of creative imagination used in ancient Chinese historical narratives - of 'fictionalising', is impossible to estimate precisely. The great historian Sima Qian
Sima Qian
Sima Qian was a Prefect of the Grand Scribes of the Han Dynasty. He is regarded as the father of Chinese historiography for his highly praised work, Records of the Grand Historian , a "Jizhuanti"-style general history of China, covering more than two thousand years from the Yellow Emperor to...
employed this device in his work and it can be assumed that Chen Shou
Chen Shou
Chen Shou was a historian during the Jin Dynasty period of Chinese history. He is best known as the author of Records of Three Kingdoms, a historical account of the late Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms period.-Biography:...
also did this in his text. It is highly unlikely that various remarks which leaders or soldiers are supposed to have made in the heat of battle could have been taken down stenographically and thus many of them may be false.
Chen Shou, a former subject of Shu Han, favored his state over Eastern Wu in the work, but this preference was subordinate to the Jin Dynasty
Jìn Dynasty (265-420)
The Jìn Dynasty , was a dynasty in Chinese history, lasting between the years 265 and 420 AD. There are two main divisions in the history of the Dynasty, the first being Western Jin and the second Eastern Jin...
viewpoint, which saw Cao Wei as the legitimate successor of the Han. He referred to the Cao Wei emperors as emperors, the Shu Han emperors as lords, and the Eastern Wu emperors by name or as "rulers", and never referred to the Wu wives as empresses, instead referring to them as ladies.
The book is also important to the research of Japan
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
's history
History of Japan
The history of Japan encompasses the history of the islands of Japan and the Japanese people, spanning the ancient history of the region to the modern history of Japan as a nation state. Following the last ice age, around 12,000 BC, the rich ecosystem of the Japanese Archipelago fostered human...
(where it is known as ), for its volume on the Wa people
Wa (Japan)
Japanese is the oldest recorded name of Japan. Chinese, Korean, and Japanese scribes regularly wrote Wa or Yamato "Japan" with the Chinese character 倭 until the 8th century, when the Japanese found fault with it, replacing it with 和 "harmony, peace, balance".- Historical references :The earliest...
is the first historical document to make explicit mention of Japan. It describes the ancient country of Yamataikoku
Yamataikoku
or is the Sino-Japanese name of an ancient country in Wa during the late Yayoi period . The Chinese history Sanguo Zhi first recorded Yemetaiguo or Yemayiguo as the domain of shaman Queen Himiko...
and its queen, Himiko.
Book of Wei (魏書)
| # | | Title | | Translation | | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 武帝紀 | Biography of Emperor Wu | Cao Cao Cao Cao Cao Cao was a warlord and the penultimate chancellor of the Eastern Han Dynasty who rose to great power during the dynasty's final years. As one of the central figures of the Three Kingdoms period, he laid the foundations for what was to become the state of Cao Wei and was posthumously titled... |
| 2 | 文帝紀 | Biography of Emperor Wen | Cao Pi Cao Pi Cao Pi , formally known as Emperor Wen of Wei, was the first emperor of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history. Born in Qiao County, Pei Commandery , he was the second son of the late Han Dynasty warlord Cao Cao.Cao Pi, like his father, was a poet... |
| 3 | 明帝紀 | Biography of Emperor Ming | Cao Rui Cao Rui Cao Rui , formally known as Emperor Ming of Wei, was the second emperor of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history. He was a son of Cao Wei's first emperor Cao Pi according to Liu Song dynasty historian, Pei Songzhi, but was a son of Yuan Xi according to modern... |
| 4 | 三少帝紀 | Biography of the three young emperors | Cao Fang Cao Fang Cao Fang , formally known as Duke Li of Shaoling, was the third emperor of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history. He retained the title Prince of Qi after he was deposed by the regent Sima Shi... , Cao Mao Cao Mao Cao Mao , formally known as the Duke of Gaogui, was the fourth emperor of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history. He was a grandson of Cao Wei's first emperor Cao Pi. Described as intelligent and studious, Cao Mao made repeated attempts to seize back state power... , Cao Huan Cáo Huàn Cao Huan , formally known as Emperor Yuan of Wei, was the fifth and last emperor of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history.... |
| 5 | 后妃傳 | Biographies of empresses and concubines | Empress Dowager Bian Empress Dowager Bian Empress Dowager Bian , personal name unknown, formally known as Empress Wuxuan , was an empress dowager of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history... , Lady Zhen, Guo Nüwang, Empress Mao Empress Mao (Ming) Empress Mao , personal name unknown, formally known as Empress Mingdao , was an empress of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history. She was married to Cao Rui , the second emperor of Cao Wei.Empress Mao became a concubine of Cao Rui's during the reign of his father, Cao Pi... , Empress Guo Empress Guo (Ming) Empress Guo , personal name unknown, formally known as Empress Mingyuan , was an empress of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history. She was married to Cao Rui , the second emperor of Cao Wei; she was his third wife and second empress... |
| 6 | 董二袁劉傳 | Biographies of Dong, the two Yuans, and Liu | Dong Zhuo Dong Zhuo Dong Zhuo was a politician and warlord during the late Han Dynasty period of Chinese history. He seized control of the capital city Luoyang in 189 when it was in a state of turmoil following the death of Emperor Ling and a clash between the eunuch faction and some court officials led by... , Yuan Shao Yuan Shao Yuan Shao was a warlord during the late Han Dynasty period of Chinese history. He occupied the northern territories of China during the civil war that occurred towards the end of the Han Dynasty and the beginning of the Three Kingdoms era... , Yuan Shu Yuan Shu Yuan Shu was a warlord during the late Han Dynasty era of Chinese history. He rose to prominence following the collapse of the imperial court in 189. He was said to be a younger cousin of the warlord Yuan Shao, but was actually Yuan Shao's younger half-brother... , Liu Biao Liu Biao Liu Biao , style name Jingsheng , was a warlord and the governor of Jing Province during the late Han Dynasty period of Chinese history. He was a member of the extended family of the Han Dynasty emperors... |
| 7 | 呂布臧洪傳 | Biographies of Lü Bu Lü Bu Lü Bu was a military general and later a minor warlord during the late Han Dynasty period of Chinese history. According to the Records of Three Kingdoms, Lü Bu was highly-skilled in horse-riding and archery, and was thus nicknamed "Flying General"... and Zang Hong |
Lü Bu, Zhang Miao Zhang Miao Zhang Miao , style name Mengzhuo , was a minister of the late Han Dynasty period of Chinese history. He served as prefect of Chenliu Commandery. Zhang Miao led an army during the coalition against Dong Zhuo. In the coalition Zhang expressed displeasure at their leader, Yuan Shao, and Yuan sent Cao... , Chen Deng Chen Deng Chen Deng, style name Yuanlong , was a strategist during the late Han Dynasty era of Chinese history. He was the son of Chen Gui.-Biography:... , Zang Hong |
| 8 | 二公孫陶四張傳 | Biographies of the two Gongsuns, Tao, and the four Zhangs | Gongsun Zan Gongsun Zan Gongsun Zan , style name Bogui , a native of Liaoxi , was a warlord during the late Han Dynasty era of Chinese history.-Biography:... , Tao Qian, Zhang Yang, Gongsun Du Gongsun Du Gongsun Du was a military general and warlord of the late Han Dynasty period of Chinese history. He did not get the opportunity to really get into battle until Dong Zhuo seized power from Emperor Shao. Dong Zhuo, hoping to expand the empire, gave Gongsun Du the command to attack present-day Korea... , Zhang Yan, Zhang Xiu Zhang Xiu Zhang Xiu was a minor warlord during the late Han Dynasty era of Chinese history. He eventually surrendered to Cao Cao in 200. Having contributed greatly to the decisive Battle of Guandu and subsequent campaigns against the heirs of Yuan Shao, Zhang Xiu died en route Liucheng on a campaign to... , Zhang Lu |
| 9 | 諸夏侯曹傳 | Biographies of the Xiahous and Caos | Xiahou Dun Xiahou Dun Xiahou Dun was a military general serving under the warlord Cao Cao during the late Han Dynasty period of Chinese history. Cao Cao's original family name was Xiahou, but his father Cao Song was the adopted son of the eunuch Cao Teng, so Xiahou Dun and Cao Cao share blood relations... , Han Hao Han Hao Han Hao, style name Yuansi , was a military general serving under the warlord Cao Cao during the late Han Dynasty period of Chinese history.... , Xiahou Yuan Xiahou Yuan Xiahou Yuan was a military general serving under the warlord Cao Cao during the late Han Dynasty period of Chinese history. He was killed in the Battle of Mount Dingjun against Liu Bei's general Huang Zhong in 219, and was given the posthumous title of Marquis Min , literally meaning "sympathetic... , Cao Ren Cao Ren Cao Ren was a military general serving under the warlord Cao Cao during the late Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms era of Chinese history. He played a significant part in assisting Cao Cao in the civil wars leading to the end of the Han Dynasty... , Cao Hong Cao Hong Cao Hong was a military general of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms era of Chinese history. He started his career during the late Han Dynasty under the warlord Cao Cao, who was also his cousin.-Early career:... , Cao Xiu Cao Xiu Cao Xiu was a military general serving under the warlord Cao Cao during the late Han Dynasty period of Chinese history. He served the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period. A distant nephew of Cao Cao, Cao Xiu was given special attention by the former, who once asserted him befitting... , Cao Zhen Cao Zhen Cao Zhen was a military general serving under the warlord Cao Cao during the late Han Dynasty period of Chinese history. He served the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period. He was also a distant nephew of Cao Cao, though the latter treated him like a son. Cao Zhen participated in many... , Xiahou Shang Xiahou Shang Xiahou Shang was a military general of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history. He was a distant nephew of Xiahou Yuan and father of Xiahou Xuan and Lady Xiahou Hui.-Biography:... |
| 10 | 荀彧荀攸賈詡傳 | Biographies of Xun Yu Xun Yu Xun Yu was a strategist and statesman who served as an advisor to the warlord Cao Cao during the late Han Dynasty period of Chinese history.-Early life:... , Xun You Xun You Xun You was an advisor to the warlord Cao Cao during the late Han Dynasty period of Chinese history. He later opposed Cao Cao taking the title of "King of Wei". His uncle, Xun Yu, was better known. In the Wade-Giles version of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, he and his uncle have the same name, Xun... , and Jia Xu Jia Xu Jia Xu , style name Wenhe , was an advisor to the warlord Cao Cao during the late Han Dynasty period of Chinese history. He previously served Dong Zhuo, Li Jue and Zhang Xiu before finally joining Cao Cao... |
|
| 11 | 袁張涼國田王邴管傳 | Biographies of Yuan, Zhang, Liang, Guo, Tian, Wang, Bing, and Guan | Yuan Huan Yuan Huan Yuan Huan, style name Yaoqing , was an official during the Han Dynasty period of Chinese history. During the 190s, he served the warlords Liu Bei, Yuan Shu and Lü Bu. After the fall of Lü Bu in 198, Yuan joined Cao Cao as an advisor. He was involved in a number of policy decisions, including the... , Zhang Fan, Liang Mao, Guo Yuan, Tian Chou, Wang Xiu, Bing Yuan, Guan Ning |
| 12 | 崔毛徐何邢司馬傳 | Biographies of Cui, Mao, Xu, He, Xing, and Sima | Cui Yan Cui Yan Cui Yan , style name Jigui , was a vassal serving under the warlord Yuan Shao during the late Han Dynasty period of Chinese history. Cui did not attain much fame due to his failures to develop his various proposals. After the defeat of Yuan, Cui served Cao Cao and became a civil affairs official... , Mao Jie Mao Jie Mao Jie , style name Xiaoxian , was an official serving under the warlord Cao Cao during the late Han Dynasty period of Chinese history. He was from Pingqiu County, in Chenliu Commandery . Under the recommendation of Man Chong, Mao Jie joined Cao Cao... , Xu Yi, He Kui, Xing Yong, Bao Xun Bao Xun Bao Xun was a minister of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history. He was appointed as a minister by Cao Cao in recognition of his late father Bao Xin, who was killed in action against the Yellow Turban rebels. Bao Xun was known to be an outspoken minister who would not... , Sima Zhi |
| 13 | 鍾繇華歆王朗傳 | Biographies of Zhong Yao Zhong Yao Zhong Yao was a Chinese calligrapher and politician of Cao Wei during the late Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history. Born in modern Xuchang, Henan, he was at one time the Grand Administrator of Chang'an.... , Hua Xin Hua Xin Hua Xin , style name Ziyu , was an adviser serving under the warlord Cao Cao during the late Han Dynasty period of Chinese history. He was originally a minister of the Han Dynasty imperial court, but later switched to serving under the warlord Sun Ce, and then later under Cao Cao... , and Wang Lang Wang Lang Wang Lang was a warlord during the late Han Dynasty and a politician of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms era of Chinese history. Through his granddaughter's marriage to Sima Zhao, he would become great-grandfather of Sima Yan, who later became the founding emperor of the Jin Dynasty.-Early life... |
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| 14 | 程郭董劉蔣劉傳 | Biographies of Cheng, Dong, Guo, Liu, Jiang, and Liu | Cheng Yu Cheng Yu Cheng Yu , originally named Cheng Li and changed his name to Yu after dreaming of the sun on top of Mount Tai, was one of the major advisors to the Han Dynasty warlord Cao Cao, and became a high-ranking official of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms era of China... , Sun Xiao Guo Jia Guo Jia Guo Jia was a strategist and advisor to the warlord Cao Cao during the late Han Dynasty period of Chinese history. During his 11 years of service, Guo Jia's brilliance greatly aided Cao Cao in his victories over rival warlords Lü Bu and Yuan Shao, as well as chief of the Wuhuan tribe, Tadun... , Dong Zhao Dong Zhao Dong Zhao , style name Gongren , a native of Dingtao, was a politician of the late Han Dynasty period of Chinese history. He served the warlords Yuan Shao and Zhang Yang before entering Cao Cao's service and subsequently served the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms era.-Under Yuan... , Liu Ye Liu Ye (Three Kingdoms) Liu Ye was an advisor to the warlord Cao Cao during the late Han Dynasty, and a politician of the Cao Wei state during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history... , Jiang Ji, Liu Fang |
| 15 | 劉司馬梁張溫賈傳 | Biographies of Liu, Sima, Liang, Zhang, Wen, and Jia | Liu Fu Liu Fu Liu Fu , style name Yuanying , was a politician of the Han Dynasty period of Chinese history. He served as the Inspector of Yang Province... , Sima Lang Sima Lang Sima Lang was a politician of the late Han Dynasty period of Chinese history.-Biography:When Luoyang fell under the control of the warlord Dong Zhuo, Sima Lang was able to escape with his entire family... , Liang Xi Liang Xi Liang Xi , style name Ziyu , was an official of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history. He was a native of Zhe , Chen Commandery . Liang Xi served as the Inspector of Bing Province... , Zhang Ji, Wen Hui Wen Hui Wen Hui , style name Manji , was a minister of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history. Wen Hui was a reputed administrator of Cao Wei. After many successful performances as a local official in the late Han Dynasty, Wen Hui returned to the capital and ended up becoming a... , Jia Kui Jia Kui Jia Kui, , style name Liangdao , was a military general and bureaucrat during the Han Dynasty period of Chinese history. He became a subject of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period.-Biography:... |
| 16 | 任蘇杜鄭倉傳 | Biographies of Ren, Su, Du, Zheng, and Cang | Ren Jun, Su Ze, Du Ji, Zheng Hun, Cang Ci |
| 17 | 張樂于張徐傳 | Biographies of Zhang, Yue, Yu, Zhang, and Xu | Zhang Liao Zhang Liao Zhang Liao was a military general serving under the warlord Cao Cao during the late Han Dynasty and early Three Kingdoms era of Chinese history. He participated in many campaigns, including those against Yuan Shao's clan and the Wuhuan tribes... , Yue Jin Yue Jin Yue Jin was a military general serving under the warlord Cao Cao during the late Han Dynasty of China. He was noted as much for his short stature as for his valor and ferocity on the battlefield... , Yu Jin Yu Jin Yu Jin was a military general serving under the warlord Cao Cao during the late Han Dynasty period of Chinese history. He joined Cao in the early years of the civil wars that led to the collapse of the Han Dynasty... , Zhang He Zhang He Zhang He was a military general serving under the warlord Cao Cao during the late Han Dynasty era of Chinese history. He continued serving the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period until his death.... , Xu Huang Xu Huang Xu Huang was a military general serving under the warlord Cao Cao during the late Han Dynasty era of Chinese history. He served the state of Cao Wei, founded by Cao Cao's successor Cao Pi, during the Three Kingdoms period... |
| 18 | 二李臧文呂許典二龐閻傳 | Biographies of the two Lis, Zang, Wen, Lü, Xu, Dian, the two Pangs, and Yan | Li Dian Li Dian Li Dian was a military general serving under the warlord Cao Cao during the late Han Dynasty period of Chinese history. He participated in the Battle of Guandu between Cao Cao and Yuan Shao... , Li Tong, Zang Ba Zang Ba Zang Ba was a general during the late Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history. He served the warlord Tao Qian initially, followed by Lü Bu and finally Cao Cao and his successors, but for the most part of his career, he remained semi-autonomous over his troops and eastern China... , Wen Ping, Lü Qian, Xu Chu Xu Chu Xu Chu was a warrior who lived during the late Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms era of Chinese history. He served as a bodyguard to the warlord Cao Cao. Gigantic and strong, yet simple-minded and honest, Xu Chu was referred to as "Dumb Tiger" by his fellow men... , Dian Wei Dian Wei Dian Wei was a military general serving under the warlord Cao Cao during the late Han Dynasty period of Chinese history. Famed for his enormous strength, Dian Wei excelled in wielding dual halberds, each of which was said to weigh 40 jin... , Pang De Pang De Pang De was a military general during the late Han Dynasty period of Chinese history. He served different warlords during his life-span, including the Han Dynasty imperial court under Emperor Ling; the Liang Province forces led by Han Sui and Ma Teng; the Hanzhong warlord, Zhang Lu; and the... , Pang Yu, Yan Wen |
| 19 | 任城陳蕭王傳 | Biographies of the princes of Rencheng, Chen, and Xiao | Cao Zhang Cao Zhang Cao Zhang was the third son of the warlord Cao Cao during the late Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms era of Chinese history. Cao Zhang was said to have wrestled and killed wild animals with his bare hands... , Cao Zhi Cao Zhi Cao Zhi was a poet who lived during the late Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history. His poetry style, greatly revered during the Jin Dynasty and Southern and Northern Dynasties, came to be known as the Jian'an style.... , Cao Xiong Cao Xiong Cao Xiong was a son of the late Han Dynasty warlord Cao Cao and his second wife Lady Bian. He died at a young age, but the cause of death was undocumented in historical records. He was posthumously honoured as Prince Huai of Xiao in 234... |
| 20 | 武文世王公傳 | Biographies of nobles in Emperors Wu and Wen's time | Cao Ang Cao Ang Cao Ang was the eldest son of the late Han Dynasty warlord Cao Cao. He was killed during the Battle of Wancheng after giving up his horse to his father during their escape.-Biography:Cao Ang was born to Cao Cao and Lady Liu... , Cao Shuo, Cao Chong Cao Chong Cao Chong was a son of the late Han Dynasty warlord Cao Cao. He was renowned as a child prodigy, having the intelligence of an adult at the age of five. He is best known for his ingenious method of weighing an elephant using the law of buoyancy... , Cao Ju, Cao Yu, Cao Lin, Cao Gun, Cao Xuan, Cao Jun Cao Jun (Prince Gong of Chenliu) Cao Jun , style name Zi'an, was a son of Cao Cao, a warlord and chancellor of the late Han Dynasty. He was granted the title of Prince of Chenliu .-Titles held:* Marquis of Mei - granted in 216... , Cao Ju, Cao Gan, Cao Shang, Cao Biao, Cao Qin, Cao Cheng, Cao Zheng, Cao Jing, Cao Jun, Cao Ji, Cao Hui, Cao Mao, Cao Xie, Cao Mao, Cao Lin, Cao Li, Cao Yong, Cao Gong, Cao Yan |
| 21 | 王衛二劉傳 | Biographies of Wang, Wei, and the two Lius | Wang Can Wang Can Wang Can was a politician, scholar and poet during the late Han Dynasty period of Chinese history. He contributed greatly to the establishment of laws and standards during the founding days of the Principality of Wei – predecessor to the later Cao Wei kingdom – under Cao Cao... , Wei Ji, Liu Yi, Liu Shao Liu Shao (Three Kingdoms) Liu Shao, style name Kongcai , was an official of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history. He often provided advice to the emperor Cao Rui, and was praised by Cao Rui for his good advice, even though Cao Rui did not frequently actually act on the advice. He also... , Fu Jia Fu Jia Fu Jia , style name Lanshi , was an official of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history. At one time Fu Jia advised Sima Shi that it was not the time to invade Shu Han because Sun Quan of Eastern Wu had just died... |
| 22 | 桓二陳徐衛盧傳 | Biographies of Huan, the two Chens, Xu, Wei, and Lu | Huan Jie Huan Jie Huan Jie, style name Boxu , was a government official during the late Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history.-Biography:Huan Jie was a native of Changsha... , Chen Qun Chen Qun Chen Qun was a minister of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms era of Chinese history.Chen Qun initiated the Nine-rank system for civil service nomination in Cao Wei. Following the death of the ruler Cao Pi, Chen Qun became the Guardian of Cao Wei's military forces... , Chen Jiao, Xu Xuan, Wei Zhen, Lu Yu |
| 23 | 和常楊杜趙裴傳 | Biographies of He, Chang, Yang, Du, Zhao, and Pei | He Qia, Chang Lin, Yang Jun, Zhao Yan, Pei Qian |
| 24 | 韓崔高孫王傳 | Biographies of Han, Cui, Gao, Sun, and Wang | Han Ji, Cui Lin, Gao Rou Gao Rou Gao Rou , style name Wenhui , was a minister of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history. He was a younger cousin of Gao Gan. Gao Rou was known as the Minister of Interior... , Sun Li, Wang Guan |
| 25 | 辛毗楊阜高堂隆傳 | Biographies of Xin Pi Xin Pi Xin Pi, style name Zuozhi , was a minister of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history. He originally served the warlord Yuan Shao during the late Han Dynasty period. He had an older brother, Xin Ping. He switched allegiance to Cao Cao after Yuan's defeat and served as a... , Yang Fu, and Gaotang Long |
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| 26 | 滿田牽郭傳 | Biographies of Man, Tian, Qian, and Guo | Man Chong Man Chong Man Chong , style name Boning , was an official of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms era of Chinese history.-Biography:... , Tian Yu Tian Yu Tian Yu , style name Guorang , was a military general of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history. Tian Yu joined Xiang Yang on the orders of Cao Rui when the Eastern Wu army invaded the northern region in a combined effort with Zhuge Liang's Northern Expeditions. Lu Xun then... , Qian Zhao, Guo Huai Guo Huai Guo Huai , style name Boji , was a military general of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms era of Chinese history. He started his career during the late Han Dynasty under the warlord Cao Cao. During Cao Pi's reign, Guo rose up the ranks and became a grand marshal under Sima Yi... |
| 27 | 徐胡二王傳 | Biographies of Xu, Hu, and the two Wangs | Xu Miao Xu Miao Xu Miao , style name Jingshan , was an official of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history. He served as the protector of Liang Province during the first of Zhuge Liang's Northern Expeditions... , Hu Zhi, Wang Chang, Wang Ji Wang Ji (Three Kingdoms) Wang Ji , style name Boyu , was a military general of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history. Wang became famous in Cao Wei for suppressing Guanqiu Jian's revolt. During Zhuge Dan's rebellion, Wang led the vanguard, defeating both Zhu Yi and Tang Zi and killing Yu Quan. It is... |
| 28 | 王毌丘諸葛鄧鍾傳 | Biographies of Wang, Guanqiu, Zhuge, Deng and Zhong | Wang Ling, Guanqiu Jian Guanqiu Jian Guanqiu Jian , style name Zhonggong , was a military general of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history.-Biography:... , Zhuge Dan Zhuge Dan Zhuge Dan , style named Gongxiu , was a military general of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history. When he held military positions during his middle to late career, he got involved in all Three Rebellions in Shouchun, which aimed to drive the de facto ruler of Cao Wei, Sima... , Deng Ai Deng Ai Deng Ai was a military general of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms era of Chinese history. It was said that whenever he saw a hill or wide valley, he would immediately size up the best places to store grain and position troops. His talent was recognized by Sima Yi, who recommended him to take up... , Zhong Hui Zhong Hui Zhong Hui was a military general of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms era of Chinese history. He was the son of Zhong Yao, a calligrapher and politician of Wei.... |
| 29 | 方技傳 | Biographies of fangshi Fangshi Fangshi was a category of Chinese technical specialists that flourished from the third century BCE to the fifth century CE. English translations of fangshi encompass alchemist, astrologer, diviner, exorcist, geomancer, doctor, magician, mountebank, monk, mystic, necromancer, occultist,... s and artisans |
Hua Tuo Hua Tuo Hua Tuo was an ancient Chinese physician who lived during the late Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms era of Chinese history. The Records of Three Kingdoms and Book of Later Han record Hua as the first person in China to use anesthesia during surgery. He used a general anesthetic combining wine with a... , Du Kui, Zhu Jianping, Zhou Xuan, Guan Lu Guan Lu Guan Lu was a famed practicer of divination during the Three Kingdoms era of China. At one time Governor Wang Ji of Anping heard of the fame of Guan Lu and invited him to come on a visit, in which he went... |
| 30 | 烏丸鮮卑東夷傳 | Biographies of the Wuhuan Wuhuan The Wuhuan were a proto-Mongolic nomadic people who inhabited northern China, in what is now the provinces of Hebei, Liaoning, Shanxi, the municipality of Beijing and the autonomous region of Inner Mongolia.... , Xianbei Xianbei The Xianbei were a significant Mongolic nomadic people residing in Manchuria, Inner Mongolia and eastern Mongolia. The title “Khan” was first used among the Xianbei.-Origins:... , and Dongyi Dongyi Dongyi was a collective term for people in eastern China and in lands located to the east of ancient China. People referred to as Dongyi vary across the ages.The early Dongyi culture was one of earliest neolithic cultures in China.... |
Wuhuan, Xianbei, Buyeo Buyeo kingdom Buyeo or Puyŏ , Fuyu in Chinese, was an ancient Korean kingdom located from today's Manchuria to northern North Korea, from around the 2nd century BC to 494. Its remnants were absorbed by the neighboring and brotherhood kingdom of Goguryeo in 494... , Goguryeo Goguryeo Goguryeo or Koguryŏ was an ancient Korean kingdom located in present day northern and central parts of the Korean Peninsula, southern Manchuria, and southern Russian Maritime province.... , Okjeo Okjeo Okjeo was Korean tribal state which arose in the northern Korean peninsula from perhaps 2nd century BCE to 5th century CE.Dong-okjeo occupied roughly the area of the Hamgyŏng provinces of North Korea, and Buk-okjeo occupied the Duman River region.Dong-okjeo was often simply called Okjeo, while... , Yilou, Yemaek Yemaek Yemaek were an ethnic group who dwelt in Manchuria and the Korean Peninsula. They had ancestral ties to various Korean kingdoms including Gojoseon, Gori , Buyeo, Goguryeo, Baekje, Okjeo, Dongye, Yangmaek and Sosumaek , and is believed to be one of the ancient tribes that were formed into the... , Samhan Samhan The Samhan period of Korean history comprises confederacies of Mahan, Jinhan, and Byeonhan in central and southern Korean peninsula, during the final century BCE and the early centuries CE.... , Wa Wa (Japan) Japanese is the oldest recorded name of Japan. Chinese, Korean, and Japanese scribes regularly wrote Wa or Yamato "Japan" with the Chinese character 倭 until the 8th century, when the Japanese found fault with it, replacing it with 和 "harmony, peace, balance".- Historical references :The earliest... ; and a long footnote at the end containing the chapter on the Xirong, or ‘Peoples of the West’ from the Weilüe Weilüe The Weilüe written by Yu Huan between CE 239, the end of Emperor Ming’s reign, and 265 CE, the end of the Cao Wei . Although not an "official historian," Yu Huan has always been held in high regard amongst Chinese scholars.... , or “Brief Account of the Wei Dynasty,” composed by Yu Huan Yu Huan Yu Huan was a scholar and writer of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history.-Works:Yu was a native of present-day Xi'an, Shaanxi, and most notable for two works of his, the Weilue , and Dianlue, which are listed in the Book of Sui as volumes 33 and 89 respectively... in the second third of the 3rd century CE. |
Book of Shu (蜀書)
| # | | Title | | Translation | | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 31 | 劉二牧傳 | Biographies of the two Governor Lius | Liu Yan, Liu Zhang Liu Zhang Liu Zhang may refer to:* Liu Zhang , Western Han imperial clan member involved in overthrowing the Lü clan during the Lü Clan Disturbance* Liu Zhang , warlord in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, who controlled Yi Province.... |
| 32 | 先主傳 | Biography of the Former Lord | Liu Bei Liu Bei Liu Bei , also known as Liu Xuande, was a warlord, military general and later the founding emperor of the state of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms era of Chinese history... |
| 33 | 後主傳 | Biography of the Later Lord | Liu Shan Liu Shan Liu Shan, , was the second and last emperor of the state of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms era of Chinese history. As he ascended the throne at the young age of 16, Liu Shan was entrusted to the care of the Chancellor Zhuge Liang and Imperial Secretariat Li Yan... |
| 34 | 二主妃子傳 | Biographies of concubines and sons of the two Lords | Lady Gan Lady Gan Lady Gan was Liu Bei's first wife and mother of Liu Shan. Very little is mentioned about her. She was posthumously named as Empress Zhaolie and was buried alongside Liu Bei.-See also:*List of people of the Three Kingdoms... , Empress Wu Empress Wu (Zhaolie) Empress Wu , personal name unknown, formally known as Empress Mu , was an empress of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history. She was the last wife and the only empress of Liu Bei, founding emperor of Shu Han, and the younger sister of Wu Yi... , Empress Zhang (former) Empress Zhang (Liu Shan, former) Empress Zhang , personal name unknown, formally known as Empress Jing'ai was an empress of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history. She was the daughter of Zhang Fei and his wife Lady Xiahou, and the first wife of Liu Shan, the second emperor of Shu Han... , Empress Zhang (later) Empress Zhang (Liu Shan, later) Empress Zhang, personal name unknown, was an empress of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history. She was the daughter of Zhang Fei and his wife Lady Xiahou, and the second wife of Liu Shan, the second emperor of Shu Han. Liu Shan's first wife was her sister, and after her... , Liu Yong, Liu Li, Liu Xuan Liu Xuan (Three Kingdoms) Liu Xuan , style name Wenheng , was a prince of the state of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history. He was the oldest son of Liu Shan, the second and last ruler of Shu. Liu Xuan became crown prince in 238. After the fall of Shu to the rival state of Wei, Liu Xuan was caught up... |
| 35 | 諸葛亮傳 | Biography of Zhuge Liang Zhuge Liang Zhuge Liang was a chancellor of the state of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history. He is often recognised as the greatest and most accomplished strategist of his era.... |
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| 36 | 關張馬黃趙傳 | Biographies of Guan, Zhang, Ma, Huang, and Zhao | Guan Yu Guan Yu Guan Yu was a general serving under the warlord Liu Bei during the late Eastern Han Dynasty of China. He played a significant role in the civil war that led to the collapse of the Han Dynasty and the establishment of the state of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period, of which Liu Bei was the... , Zhang Fei, Ma Chao Ma Chao Ma Chao was the oldest son of Ma Teng and a military general during the late Han Dynasty and early Three Kingdoms era of Chinese history. In Luo Guanzhong's historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, he received the nickname "Ma Chao the Splendid" due to his elaborate armour and grand skill... , Huang Zhong Huang Zhong Huang Zhong was a military general serving under the warlord Liu Bei during the late Han Dynasty period of Chinese history. He was most noted for his victory in the Battle of Mount Dingjun, in which his force routed that of Xiahou Yuan, who was slain during battle... , Zhao Yun Zhao Yun Zhao Yun was a military general who lived during the late Han Dynasty and early Three Kingdoms era of Chinese history. For most of his career, Zhao served the warlord Liu Bei, playing a part in the establishment of state of Shu Han... |
| 37 | 龐統法正傳 | Biographies of Pang Tong Pang Tong Pang Tong was an advisor to Liu Bei during the late Han Dynasty period of Chinese history. He was nicknamed "Young Phoenix" by his uncle Pang Degong due to his ugly appearance but great capabilities and talent... and Fa Zheng Fa Zheng Fa Zheng , style name Xiaozhi , was an advisor to the warlord Liu Bei during the late Han Dynasty period of Chinese history.... |
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| 38 | 許麋孫簡伊秦傳 | Biographies of Xu, Mi, Sun, Jian, Yi, and Qin | Xu Jing, Mi Zhu Mi Zhu Mi Zhu was an advisor to the warlord Liu Bei during the late Han Dynasty period of Chinese history. He was also Liu's brother-in-law, as his sister, Lady Mi, married Liu. He was the older brother of Mi Fang, who served Liu Bei as well until his defection to Sun Quan's side in 219... , Sun Qian Sun Qian Sun Qian , style name Gongyou , was an advisor and emissary to the warlord Liu Bei during the late Han Dynasty of China. He originally served Tao Qian, the Governor of Xu Province, together with Mi Zhu, Mi Fang and Cao Bao. After the death of Tao Qian and Xu Province's governorship was passed to... , Jian Yong Jian Yong Jian Yong, style name Xianhe , was an advisor to the warlord Liu Bei during the late Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms era of Chinese history. Jian Yong served under Liu Bei since the very beginnings of him raising his own army, acting as an envoy and advisor. After Liu Bei entered Sichuan, Jian Yong... , Yi Ji Yi Ji Yi Ji, style name Boji , was a minister of Shu Han during the late Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history.Yi Ji was introduced to Liu Bei by Zhuge Liang, among with Sima Hui, Ma Liang and other scholars who refused to serve in Liu Biao's regime... , Qin Mi Qin Mi Qin Mi , style name Zichi , was a minister of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history. He despised the arrogance of Jian Yong, who was Liu Bei's emissary. Even though Jian Yong served under Liu Bei, he was thrown into prison for criticizing against Eastern Wu... |
| 39 | 董劉馬陳董呂傳 | Biographies of Dong, Liu, Ma, Chen, Dong, and Lü | Dong He, Liu Ba Liu Ba Liu Ba , style name Zichu , was a minister serving under the warlord Liu Zhang during the late Han Dynasty period of Chinese history. Out of his profound loyalty to Liu Zhang, he did not surrender to Liu Bei when seized Yi Province from Liu Zhang. However, Liu Ba ended up later joining Liu Bei... , Ma Liang, Chen Zhen, Dong Yun Dong Yun Dong Yun , style name Xiuzhao , was a minister of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms era of Chinese history.-Biography:... , Lü Yi Lu Yi Lu Yi is the name of:*Lu Xun , original name Lu Yi, general of Wu* Lu Yi , chancellor of Tang Dynasty*Lu Yi , Chinese middle-distance runner*Lu Yi , Chinese actor... |
| 40 | 劉彭廖李劉魏楊傳 | Biographies of Liu, Peng, Liao, Li, Liu, Wei, and Yang | Liu Feng Liu Feng Liu Feng was an adopted son of the warlord Liu Bei, and served as a general in Liu Bei's army during the late Han Dynasty of China.-Early life:... , Peng Yang, Liao Li Liao Li Liao Li, style name Gongyuan , was a minister of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history. He received many appointments during his service, including the post of Administrator. He was later appointed as Colonel of Changshui, but was exiled for poor performance... , Li Yan, Liu Yan, Wei Yan Wei Yan Wei Yan was a military general of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms era of Chinese history. He became a soldier of Liu Bei when the latter fled Jing Province and seek protection from the eastern warlord, Sun Quan, in 208. In 211, Wei had climbed up the ranks and become a general in Liu Bei's... , Yang Yi Yang Yi Yang Yi , style name Weigong , was a minister of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history. He hailed from Xiangyang and was originally a subject of Cao Wei and later defected to Guan Yu, who sent him to Liu Bei... |
| 41 | 霍王向張楊費傳 | Biographies of Huo, Wang, Xiang, Zhang, Yang, and Fei | Huo Jun Huo Jun Huo Jun , style name Zhongmiao , was a military general serving under the warlord Liu Biao during the late Han Dynasty period of Chinese history. He served Liu Bei after Liu Biao's death. In Luo Guanzhong's historical novel Romance of Three Kingdoms, when Liu Bei began his rule over Jing Province,... , Huo Yi Huo Yi Huo Yi, style name Shaoxian , was a military general of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history. After Huo heard of Deng Ai's victory over the capital of Shu, Chengdu, he put on mourning attire and began to weep. Huo wept even though he knew that it was inevitable for Shu Han to... , Wang Lian, Xiang Lang Xiang Lang Xiang Lang , style name Juda , was a minister serving under the warlord Liu Bei during the late Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history. He was the uncle of Xiang Chong. Xiang Lang originally served under Liu Biao, and he joined Liu Bei after Liu Biao's death... , Xiang Chong Xiang Chong Xiang Chong is a fictional character in the Water Margin, one of the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature. He ranks 64th of the 108 Liangshan heroes and 28th of the 72 Earthly Fiends. He is nicknamed "Eight-armed Nezha".-Background:... , Zhang Yi, Yang Hong, Fei Shi Fei Shi Fei Shi, style name Gongju , was a minister of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history. Fei originally served Liu Zhang as the Prefect of Jinzhu , but surrendered to Liu Bei after Liu Bei took control of Yi Province from Liu Zhang.One of Fei Shi's tasks was to travel to Jing... , Wang Chong |
| 42 | 杜周杜許孟來尹李譙郤傳 | Biographies of Du, Zhou, Du, Xu, Meng, Lai, Yin, Li, Qiao, and Xi | Du Wei, Zhou Qun, Du Qiong, Xu Ci, Meng Guang, Lai Min, Yin Mo, Li Zhuan, Qiao Zhou Qiao Zhou Qiao Zhou , style name Yunnan , was a minister of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history. Qiao formerly served under Liu Zhang. Qiao is remembered in later fiction as a very gifted astrologer whose readings of the sky were of use to Zhuge Liang's dispatch of troops... , Xi Zheng Xi Zheng Xi Zheng , style name Lingxian , was a politician of Shu Han during the late Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history. When Zhuge Liang left for the Northern Campaign, Xi was tasked to look after domestic affairs on his behalf. Following the fall of Shu Han, Xi was sent to the Cao Wei capital city... |
| 43 | 黃李呂馬王張傳 | Biographies of Huang, Li, Lü, Ma, Wang, and Zhang | Huang Quan, Li Hui, Lü Kai Lu Kai Lü Kai, style name Jiping , was a minister of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history. Lü was the Administrator of Yongchang Commandery. He defended it from Yong Kai's rebel forces at one time... , Ma Zhong Ma Zhong (Shu Han) Ma Zhong , style name Dexin , also known as Hu Du after adoption, was a general of the state of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history.-In fiction:... , Wang Ping, Zhang Yi Zhang Yi (Boqi) Zhang Yi , style name Boqi, was a military general of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms era of China. He was instrumental in pacifying the barbarian peoples who rebelled against Shu. He was slain by Xu Zhi during one of Jiang Wei's Northern Expeditions while distracting the enemy from pursuing... |
| 44 | 蔣琬費禕姜維傳 | Biographies of Jiang Wan Jiang Wan Jiang Wan , style name Gongyan , was an official of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms era of Chinese history. After Zhuge Liang's death, he succeeded Zhuge as the regent for the Shu emperor, Liu Shan.-Early career:... , Fei Yi Fei Yi Fei Yi, style name Wenwei , was an official of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms era of Chinese history. He succeeded Jiang Wan as regent of Shu Han, and avoided major expedition against rival state, Cao Wei... , and Jiang Wei Jiang Wei Jiang Wei was a military general and regent of the state of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms era of Chinese history. He originally served Shu's rival state, Cao Wei, as a middle-level military officer, but defected to the Shu strategist Zhuge Liang, leaving his mother in Wei. After that, Jiang... |
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| 45 | 鄧張宗楊傳 | Biographies of Deng, Zhang, Zong, and Yang | Deng Zhi Deng Zhi Deng Zhi was a minister of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms era of Chinese history.-Early career:Deng Zhi was a native of Xinye , and went to Yi Province to avoid the turmoil of central China... , Zhang Yi Zhang Yi (Bogong) Zhang Yi , style name Bogong, was a general of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms era of Chinese history. Originally from Wuyang and a descendant of Zhang Liang, he became Liu Bei's commander after Liu Bei had captured Yizhou... , Zong Yu Zong Yu Zong Yu , style name Deyan , was a minister of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms era of Chinese history. He hailed from Anzhong in Nanyan.- Biography :After Zhuge Liang was made Prime Minister, Zong Yu became his chief secretary... , Yang Xi |
Book of Wu (吳書)
| # | | Title | | Translation | | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 46 | 孫破虜討逆傳 | Biographies of Sun Who Defeats Barbarians, and Sun Who Attacks Rebels | Sun Jian Sun Jian Sun Jian was a military general and warlord during the late Han Dynasty period of Chinese history. He allied himself with Yuan Shu in 190 when warlords from eastern China formed a coalition to oust Dong Zhuo, a tyrannical warlord who held the puppet Emperor Xian in his power... , Sun Ce Sun Ce Sun Ce was a military general and warlord during the late Han Dynasty period of Chinese history. He was the oldest of the children of Sun Jian who was killed during the Battle of Xiangyang when Sun Ce was only 16. Sun Ce then broke away from his father's overlord, Yuan Shu, and headed to... |
| 47 | 吳主傳 | Biography of the Lord of Wu | Sun Quan Sun Quan Sun Quan , son of Sun Jian, formally Emperor Da of Wu, was the founder of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history. He ruled from 222 to 229 as King of Wu and from 229 to 252 as Emperor of Wu.... |
| 48 | 三嗣主傳 | Biographies of the three heirs | Sun Liang Sun Liang Sun Liang was the second emperor of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history. He was the founding emperor Sun Quan's youngest son and heir... , Sun Xiu, Sun Hao Sun Hao Sun Hao , style name Yuanzong , originally named Sun Pengzu with the style name Yuanzong , was the fourth and last emperor of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period. He was the son of Sun He, a one-time crown prince of the founding emperor Sun Quan... |
| 49 | 劉繇太史慈士燮傳 | Biographies of Liu Yao Liu Yao (warlord) Liu Yao , style name Zhengli, was a warlord in the Jiangdong region during the late Han Dynasty period of Chinese history. He ruled for a brief period of time before Sun Ce invaded and conquered his territories.-Biography:... , Taishi Ci Taishi Ci Taishi Ci was a military general during the late Han Dynasty period of Chinese history. He served several warlords, including Kong Rong, Liu Yao, and Sun Ce.-Early life:... , and Shi Xie Shi Xie Shi Xie , style name Weiyan, was a Chinese official in Jiaozhi, present-day Vietnam during the late Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history.-Biography:... |
Liu Yao, Ze Rong Ze Rong Ze Rong , style-named Weiming, was originally a general and active occultist serving under the warlord Tao Qian during the late Han Dynasty period of Chinese history... , Liu Ji, Taishi Ci, Shi Xie |
| 50 | 妃嬪傳 | Biographies of concubines and ladies | Lady Wu Lady Wu Lady Wu was the wife of the warlord Sun Jian, who lived during the late Han Dynasty period of Chinese history. She had five children: four sons, Sun Ce, Sun Quan, Sun Yi, Sun Kuang, and a daughter, Lady Sun... , Lady Xie Lady Xie Lady Xie was a wife of Sun Quan, founding emperor of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history. She was a native of Shanyin, Kuaiji . Her father Xie Jiong served as a Secretariat Gentleman and Prefect of Xu during the Han Dynasty. Xie was favoured by Sun Quan's mother Lady Wu... , Lady Xu, Bu Lianshi Bu Lianshi Bu Lianshi , also known as Lady Bu and Bu Furen, was a spouse of Sun Quan, founding emperor of the state of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history.-Biography:... , Lady Wang, Lady Wang, Empress Pan Empress Pan (Da) Empress Pan , personal name unknown, was an empress of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history. She was the only empress of the founding emperor, Sun Quan, even though he had a succession of wives before her.... , Quan Huijie, Empress Zhu Empress Zhu (Jing) Empress Zhu , formally known as Empress Jing , was an empress of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period. Her husband was Sun Xiu , the third emperor of Eastern Wu.... , Empress Dowager He Empress Dowager He (Sun Hao) Empress Dowager He, personal name unknown, was an empress dowager during the reign of her son Sun Hao, the fourth and last emperor of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history.... , Teng Fanglan |
| 51 | 宗室傳 | Biographies of nobles | Sun Jing Sun Jing Sun Jing was a younger brother of the warlord Sun Jian during the late Han Dynasty period of Chinese history. Sun Jing became well known for admonishing the attack led by Sun Jian against Liu Biao. After the death of Sun Jian, Sun Jing became the adviser to Sun Jian's oldest son, Sun Ce. Sun Jing... , Sun Yu, Sun Jiao Sun Jiao Sun Jiao , style name Shulang , was the third son of Sun Jing, younger brother of the warlord Sun Jian during the late Han Dynasty period of Chinese history. Along with the rest of his family, Sun Jiao served Eastern Wu as a military general. He was also the younger brother of Sun Yu. He served... , Sun Huan, Sun Ben Sun Ben Sun Ben, style name Boyang , was the eldest son of Sun Qiang and older brother of Sun Fu. He was three years older than Sun Ce. He served Sun Jian first in the campaign against Dong Zhuo. After Sun Jian's death, he took control of the army and went to serve Yuan Shu. He would soon rejoin Sun Ce.... , Sun Fu Sun Fu Sun Fu, style name Guoyi , was a military general serving under the warlord Sun Quan during the late Han Dynasty period of Chinese history.-Biography:... , Sun Yi, Sun Kuang Sun Kuang Sun Kuang, style name Jizuo , was the fourth son of the warlord Sun Jian during the late Han Dynasty period of Chinese history. Upon his father's death, he fled to Jiangnan with his elder brother, Sun Ce, who was given succession as Marquis of Wucheng , but instead chose to give the position to... , Sun Shao, Sun Huan |
| 52 | 張顧諸葛步傳 | Biographies of Zhang, Gu, Zhuge, and Bu | Zhang Zhao Zhang Zhao Zhang Zhao was an official of Eastern Wu during the late Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms era of China.-Biography:Zhang was born in present-day Jiangsu. A brilliant scholar, he devoted his life mainly to the study of Chinese classic texts... , Zhang Fen, Zhang Cheng Zhang Cheng Zhang Cheng , style name Zhongsi , was a military general of Eastern Wu during the late Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history... , Zhang Xiu, Gu Yong Gu Yong Gu Yong was a minister of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms era of Chinese history. He learned the classics and calligraphy from Cai Yong when the latter came to Wu briefly as a refugee. His family is one of the four illustrious houses of Wu . He became a governor of several prefectures... , Gu Shao, Gu Tan Gu Tan Gu Tan, style name Zimo , was a minister of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history.-Biography:Gu Tan was from Wu Commandery. He was the son of Gu Shao and grandson of Gu Yong, a chancellor of Wu. When he was a youth, he was one of the four close friends of the crown prince... , Gu Cheng, Zhuge Jin Zhuge Jin Zhuge Jin , style name Ziyu , was a military general and politician of Eastern Wu during the late Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms era of Chinese history.-Early life:... , Bu Zhi Bu Zhi Bu Zhi was an official of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history. He was a scholar from the Wu region and served as an advisor to the warlord Sun Quan during the late Han Dynasty before the founding of Eastern Wu. He held several military posts from time to time, and was... |
| 53 | 張嚴程闞薛傳 | Biographies of Zhang, Yan, Cheng, Kan, and Xue | Zhang Hong Zhang Hong Zhang Hong , style name Zigang , was a minister serving under the warlord Sun Quan during the late Han Dynasty period of Chinese history.... , Yan Jun Yan Jun Yan Jun, style name Mancai , was an official of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history. He was also the writer of Essay on Tides, which has disappeared over the course of history.-In fiction:... , Cheng Bing Cheng Bing Cheng Bing, style name Deshu , was a Confucian scholar and official of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history.-Biography:... , Kan Ze Kan Ze Kan Ze , style name Derun , was a scholar and advisor to the warlord Sun Quan during the late Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history.-Biography:... , Xue Zong |
| 54 | 周瑜魯肅呂蒙傳 | Biographies of Zhou Yu Zhou Yu Zhou Yu was a military general and strategist who served his close friend, the warlord Sun Ce, during the late Han Dynasty period of Chinese history... , Lu Su Lu Su Lu Su , style name Zijing , was a politician, militarist and diplomat serving under the warlord Sun Quan during the late Han Dynasty period of Chinese history... , and Lü Meng Lü Meng Lü Meng was a military general serving under the warlord Sun Quan during the late Han Dynasty period of Chinese history. He served as the commanding general in the invasion of Jing Province that led to the death of Guan Yu.-Early life:Lü Meng was born in Fupo, Runan Commandery in 178... |
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| 55 | 程黃韓蔣周陳董甘淩徐潘丁傳 | Biographies of Cheng, Huang, Han, Jiang, Zhou, Chen, Dong, Gan, Ling, Xu, Pan, and Ding | Cheng Pu Cheng Pu Cheng Pu was a military general serving under the warlord Sun family of Eastern Wu for three generations during the late Han Dynasty period of Chinese history.-Early service under Sun Jian:... , Huang Gai Huang Gai Huang Gai was a military general who served the warlord Sun family of Eastern Wu for three generations during the late Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history... , Han Dang Han Dang Han Dang was a military general of Eastern Wu during the late Han Dynasty and early Three Kingdoms era of Chinese history.-Biography:... , Jiang Qin Jiang Qin Jiang Qin , style name Gongyi , was a military general serving under the warlord Sun Quan during the late Han Dynasty period of Chinese history. In Luo Guanzhong's historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Jiang Qin was a pirate at the time he joined Sun Quan's predecessor, Sun Ce... , Zhou Tai Zhou Tai Zhou Tai , style name Youping , was a military general serving under the warlord Sun Quan during the late Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms era of Chinese history.-Early life and career:... , Chen Wu, Dong Xi Dong Xi Dong Xi was a military general serving under the warlord Sun family of Eastern Wu during the late Han Dynasty period of Chinese history. He hailed from Yuyao county, Kuaiji commandery , and entered Sun Ce's camp when the later pacified Jiangdong... , Gan Ning Gan Ning Gan Ning was a military general serving under the warlord Sun Quan during the late Han Dynasty period of Chinese history. He was born in Linjiang, Ba Commandery .-Early life as a pirate:... , Ling Tong Ling Tong Ling Tong was a military general of the state of Eastern Wu during the late Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms era of Chinese history. He started his service to the Sun family since his childhood, and throughout his entire life, he had been contributing to the foundation and solidification of Eastern Wu... , Xu Sheng Xu Sheng Xu Sheng , style name Wenxiang , was a military general of Eastern Wu during the late Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms era of Chinese history. He fought in at least 5 wars for the southern regime during his lifetime... , Pan Zhang Pan Zhang Pan Zhang was a military general of Eastern Wu during the late Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms era of Chinese history. Although an active general with high rank, he was known to desire wealth and treasure, and to dress himself in a gaudy fashion... , Ding Feng |
| 56 | 朱治朱然呂範朱桓傳 | Biographies of Zhu Zhi Zhu Zhi Zhu Zhi , style name Junli , was a military general of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms era of Chinese history. He was from present-day Anji County, Zhejiang.... , Zhu Ran Zhu Ran Zhu Ran was a military general of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms era of Chinese history. Despite being a childhood friend of the first emperor of Eastern Wu, Sun Quan, he was never tasked with important position nor assignment before Lü Meng's invasion of southern Jing Province in 219,... , Lü Fan Lü Fan Lü Fan , style name Ziheng , was an official of the state of Eastern Wu during the late Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms era of Chinese history.-Biography:... , and Zhu Huan Zhu Huan Zhu Huan was a military general of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms era of Chinese history. Although joining the southern warlord, Sun Quan, early on, Zhu Huan was not assigned important tasks until Sun had solidified his influence after the Battle of Jiangling in 209. Henceforth, Zhu Huan was... |
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| 57 | 虞陸張駱陸吾朱傳 | Biographies of Yu, Lu, Zhang, Luo, Lu, Wu, and Zhu | Yu Fan Yu Fan Yu Fan , style name Zhongxiang , was an official of Eastern Wu during the late Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history. Yu was formerly a district supervisor under the warlord Wang Lang. After Sun Ce defeated Wang, Yu surrendered and pledged allegiance to the Sun clan... , Lu Ji, Zhang Wen, Luo Tong Luo Tong Luo Tong , style name Gongxu , was a politician and military general serving under the warlord Sun Quan during the late Han Dynasty period of Chinese history.-Biography:... , Lu Mao, Wu Can Wu Can Wu Can , style name Kongxiu , was an official of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history. Following the death of Sun Ce, Wu served Sun Ce's younger brother and successor, Sun Quan... , Zhu Ju Zhu Ju Zhu Ju , style name Zifan , was a military general of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history. He married the daughter of the Eastern Wu ruler, Sun Quan... |
| 58 | 陸遜傳 | Biography of Lu Xun Lu Xun (Three Kingdoms) Lu Xun was a military general and politician of the state of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms era of Chinese history. He is best known for defeating Liu Bei's forces at the Battle of Xiaoting in 222.-Early life:... |
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| 59 | 吳主五子傳 | Biographies of the five sons of the Lord of Wu | Sun Deng Sun Deng Sun Deng , style name Zigao , was a crown prince of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history. He was the oldest son of Sun Quan, founding emperor of Eastern Wu. It is known that Sun Deng was both wise and virtuous, having all the makings of a great man... , Sun Lü, Sun He, Sun Ba, Sun Fen |
| 60 | 賀全呂周鍾離傳 | Biographies of He, Quan, Lü, Zhou, and Zhongli | He Qi He Qi He Qi , style name Gongmiao , was an official serving under the warlord Sun family of Eastern Wu during the late Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history.... , Quan Cong Quan Cong Quan Cong , style name Zihuang , was a military general of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history. He married Sun Quan's oldest daughter Sun Luban. During the subjugation of the Shanyue, Quan achieved great success. Quan afterwards marched with Lu Xun to attack the Cao Wei... , Lü Dai Lu Dai Lü Dai , style name Dinggong , was a military general of the state of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period. Following the death of Sun Quan, Zhuge Ke and Lü Dai were entrusted to govern the state. However, according to history, Lü Dai served during Sun Quan's reign as Senior General-in-Chief... , Zhou Fang Zhou Fang (Three Kingdoms) Zhou Fang, style name Ziyu , was a military general of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history. In 228, he was a main figure in a confrontation between Eastern Wu and Cao Wei, when he pretended to surrender to Cao Wei to induce the enemy general Cao Xiu into a trap, and... , Zhongli Mu |
| 61 | 潘濬陸凱傳 | Biographies of Pan Jun Pan Jun Pan Jun , style name Chengming , was an official of the state of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history... and Lu Kai Lu Kai Lü Kai, style name Jiping , was a minister of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history. Lü was the Administrator of Yongchang Commandery. He defended it from Yong Kai's rebel forces at one time... |
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| 62 | 是儀胡綜傳 | Biographies of Shi Yi and Hu Zong | Shi Yi, Hu Zong, Xu Xiang |
| 63 | 吳範劉惇趙達傳 | Biographies of Wu Fan Wu Fan Wu Fan is a Chinese artist from Chongqing in Sichuan province. He studied guohua with Pan Tianshou and Li Keran and oil painting with Ni Yide. He is most famous as a woodblock print artist... , Liu Dun, and Zhao Da |
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| 64 | 諸葛滕二孫濮陽傳 | Biographies of Zhuge, Teng, the two Suns, and Puyang | Zhuge Ke Zhuge Ke Zhuge Ke , style name Yuanxun , was a military general and regent of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms era of Chinese history. He was the son of Zhuge Jin and nephew of Zhuge Liang. He succeeded Lu Xun after the latter's death... , Teng Yin Teng Yin Teng Yin , style name Chengsi , was a minister of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history. Teng Yin plotted the assassination of the tyrannical regent Zhuge Ke together with Sun Jun. Teng Yin was later promoted to Grand Marshal for his achievement. Teng Yin once again plotted... , Sun Jun, Sun Lin Sun Lin Sun Lin , style name Zitong , was a regent of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history. He ruled as regent during the reigns of the emperors Sun Liang and Sun Xiu. His conflict with Sun Liang eventually led him to depose the emperor in favor of Sun Xiu... , Puyang Xing |
| 65 | 王樓賀韋華傳 | Biographies of Wang, Lou, He, Wei, and Hua | Wang Fan Wang Fan Wang Fan , style name Yongyuan , was an official and astronomer of the state of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history. He was from Lujiang . He was proficient in mathematics and astronomy. He calculated the distance from the Sun to the Earth, but his geometric model was not... , Lou Xuan, He Shao, Wei Zhao Wei Zhao Wei Zhao , style name Hongsi , was a scholar and politician of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history.... , Hua He Hua He Hua He, style name Yongxian , was a minister of Eastern Wu during the late Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history. Hua He was a high ranking minister under the inept ruler of Wu, Sun Hao, but ended up being banished from the court because he opposed the radical foreign policy of Sun Hao... |
See also
- Twenty-Four HistoriesTwenty-Four HistoriesThe Twenty-Four Histories is a collection of Chinese historical books covering a period from 3000 BC to the Ming Dynasty in the 17th century. The whole set contains 3213 volumes and about 40 million words...
- Romance of the Three KingdomsRomance of the Three KingdomsRomance of the Three Kingdoms, written by Luo Guanzhong in the 14th century, is a Chinese historical novel based on the events in the turbulent years near the end of the Han Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms era of Chinese history, starting in 169 and ending with the reunification of the land in...
- List of people of the Three Kingdoms
- Timeline of the Three Kingdoms periodTimeline of the Three Kingdoms periodThis is a timeline of the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history....
- Military history of the Three KingdomsMilitary history of the Three KingdomsThe military history of the Three Kingdoms period, part of the greater military history of China incorporated almost a century of prolonged warfare and disorder...