List of Kings of Judea
Encyclopedia
This page lists rulers of the Hasmonean Kingdom of Judea and its successor states from the Maccabean
Rebellion to the final Roman
annexations.
Roman Prefects
Roman Procurators
Roman Legates
Maccabees
The Maccabees were a Jewish rebel army who took control of Judea, which had been a client state of the Seleucid Empire. They founded the Hasmonean dynasty, which ruled from 164 BCE to 63 BCE, reasserting the Jewish religion, expanding the boundaries of the Land of Israel and reducing the influence...
Rebellion to the final Roman
Roman Empire
The Roman Empire was the post-Republican period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial holdings in Europe and around the Mediterranean....
annexations.
Hasmonean Rebel Leaders (167–153 BC)
- Judas MaccabeusJudas MaccabeusJudah Maccabee was a Kohen and a son of the Jewish priest Mattathias...
167–160 BC - Jonathan MaccabaeusJonathan MaccabaeusJonathan Apphus was leader of the Hasmonean Dynasty of Judea from 161 to 143 BCE. The name Apphus could mean = "the dissembler", "the Wary", or "the diplomat", in allusion to a trait prominent in him -Leader of the Jews:...
160–153 BC
Hasmonean High Priests and Kings (153–37 BC)
- Jonathan MaccabaeusJonathan MaccabaeusJonathan Apphus was leader of the Hasmonean Dynasty of Judea from 161 to 143 BCE. The name Apphus could mean = "the dissembler", "the Wary", or "the diplomat", in allusion to a trait prominent in him -Leader of the Jews:...
153–142 BC - Simon MaccabaeusSimon MaccabaeusSimon Thassi was the second son of Mattathias and thus a member of the Hasmonean family. The name "Thassi" has an uncertain meaning...
142–134 BC - John Hyrcanus I 134–104 BC
- Aristobulus I (also King) 104–103 BC
- Alexander JannaeusAlexander JannaeusAlexander Jannaeus was king of Judea from 103 BC to 76 BC. The son of John Hyrcanus, he inherited the throne from his brother Aristobulus I, and appears to have married his brother's widow, Shlomtzion or "Shelomit", also known as Salome Alexandra, according to the Biblical law of Yibbum...
(also King) 103–76 BC - Alexandra Salome (Queen) 76–67 BC
- John Hyrcanus II
- High Priest 76–66 and 63–40 BC
- Governor of the People 63–57 BC
- Ethnarch of Judaea 47–40 BC
- Aristobulus IIAristobulus IIAristobulus II was the Jewish High Priest and King of Judea, 66 BC to 63 BC, from the Hasmonean Dynasty.-Family:Aristobulus was the younger son of Alexander Jannaeus, King and High Priest, and Alexandra Salome. After the death of Alexander in 76 BC, his widow succeeded to the rule of Judea and...
66–63 BC - Antigonus 40–37 BC
Rule of the Five Synedria
- Synedria at Jerusalem, Gadara, Amathus, JerichoJerichoJericho ; is a city located near the Jordan River in the West Bank of the Palestinian territories. It is the capital of the Jericho Governorate and has a population of more than 20,000. Situated well below sea level on an east-west route north of the Dead Sea, Jericho is the lowest permanently...
, and Sepphoris 57–47 BC
Herodian Dynasty (47 BC–AD 100)
- Antipater the IdumaeanAntipater the IdumaeanAntipater I the Idumaean was the founder of the Herodian Dynasty and father of Herod the Great. According to Josephus, he was the son of Antipas...
(Procurator of Judaea) 47–44 BC - Herod the GreatHerod the GreatHerod , also known as Herod the Great , was a Roman client king of Judea. His epithet of "the Great" is widely disputed as he is described as "a madman who murdered his own family and a great many rabbis." He is also known for his colossal building projects in Jerusalem and elsewhere, including his...
- Governor of Galilee 47–44 BC
- Tetrarch of Galilee 44–40 BC
- Elected king of all Judaea by the Roman SenateRoman SenateThe Senate of the Roman Republic was a political institution in the ancient Roman Republic, however, it was not an elected body, but one whose members were appointed by the consuls, and later by the censors. After a magistrate served his term in office, it usually was followed with automatic...
40 BC, reigned 37–4 BC
- PhasaelPhasaelPhasael was a prince from the Herodian Dynasty of Judea.-Origins and early career:...
(Governor of Jerusalem) 47–40 BC - Pheroras (Governor of Perea) 20-5 BC
- Herod ArchelausHerod ArchelausHerod Archelaus was the ethnarch of Samaria, Judea, and Idumea from 4 BC to 6 AD. He was the son of Herod the Great and Malthace the Samaritan, the brother of Herod Antipas, and the half-brother of Herod Philip I....
(Ethnarch of Judaea) 4 BC–AD 6 - Herod AntipasHerod AntipasHerod Antipater , known by the nickname Antipas, was a 1st-century AD ruler of Galilee and Perea, who bore the title of tetrarch...
(Tetrarch of Galilee) 4 BC–AD 39 - Philip the TetrarchPhilip the TetrarchPhilip the Tetrarch was son of Herod the Great and his fifth wife Cleopatra of Jerusalem and half-brother of Herod Antipas and Herod Archelaus Philip inherited the northeast part of his father's kingdom, which includes Iturea and Trachonitis as...
(Tetrarch of Batanaea) 4 BC–AD 34 - Salome ISalome ISalome I was the sister of Herod the Great and the mother of Berenice by her husband Costobarus, governor of Idumea.Upon the death of Herod the Great in 4 BCE, she was given a toparchy including the cities of Jabneh, Ashdod, Phasaelis, and 5000 drachmae. Caesar Augustus supplemented this with a...
(Toparch of Jabneh) 4 BC–AD 10 - LiviaLiviaLivia Drusilla, , after her formal adoption into the Julian family in AD 14 also known as Julia Augusta, was a Roman empress as the third wife of the Emperor Augustus and his adviser...
(Toparch of Jabneh) AD 10-29 - Agrippa IAgrippa IAgrippa I also known as Herod Agrippa or simply Herod , King of the Jews, was the grandson of Herod the Great, and son of Aristobulus IV and Berenice. His original name was Marcus Julius Agrippa, so named in honour of Roman statesman Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, and he is the king named Herod in the...
- King of Batanaea AD 37–41
- King of Galilee AD 40–41
- King of all Judaea AD 41–44
- Herod of ChalcisHerod of ChalcisHerod of Chalcis , also known as Herod V, was a son of Aristobulus IV, and the grandson of Herod the Great, Roman client king of Judaea. He was the brother of Herod Agrippa I and Herodias....
(Tetrarch of ChalcisChalcis, SyriaChalcis was an ancient city in Syria. Syrian Chalcis was the birthplace of 3rd century Neoplatonist philosopher Iamblichus.It is thought to be the site of the modern town of Qinnasrin, though Anjar in Lebanon has also been suggested as the site of ancient Chalcis....
) AD ??–48 - Agrippa IIAgrippa IIAgrippa II , son of Agrippa I, and like him originally named Marcus Julius Agrippa, was the seventh and last king of the family of Herod the Great, thus last of the Herodians. He was the brother of Berenice, Mariamne, and Drusilla...
- Tetrarch of Chalcis AD 50–52
- Tetrarch of Batanaea AD 52–100
Roman PrefectsPrefectPrefect is a magisterial title of varying definition....
- CoponiusCoponiusCoponius was the first governor of Iudaea province, about 6 CE.He was, like the procurators who succeeded him, of knightly rank, and "had the power of life and death". During his administration occurred the revolt of Judas the Galilean , the cause of which was not so much the personality of...
6–9 - Marcus AmbivulusMarcus AmbivulusMarcus Ambivulus was Roman Prefect of the province of Judea and Samaria. Originally a cavalry officer, he succeeded Coponius in 9 AD and ruled the area until 13 AD when he was succeeded by Annius Rufus. Josephus noted his tenure in Antiquities 18.31....
9–12 - Annius RufusAnnius RufusAnnius Rufus succeeded Marcus Ambivulus as Prefect of Judea in 12 CE. His tenure was apparently without incident since the only event that Josephus reports as occurring while he was in office is the death of Augustus in Rome in 14 CE. He was succeeded by Valerius Gratus in 15 CE.-External links:* ...
12–15 - Valerius GratusValerius GratusValerius Gratus was the Roman Prefect of Iudaea province under Tiberius from 15 to 26 AD. He succeeded Annius Rufus and was replaced by Pontius Pilate....
15–26 - Pontius PilatePontius PilatePontius Pilatus , known in the English-speaking world as Pontius Pilate , was the fifth Prefect of the Roman province of Judaea, from AD 26–36. He is best known as the judge at Jesus' trial and the man who authorized the crucifixion of Jesus...
26–36 - MarcellusMarcellus, prefect of JudeaMarcellus was Roman Prefect of the province of Judea.He was a friend of Lucius Vitellius , who appointed him after sending Pilate to Rome to render account. It may be assumed, however, that Marcellus was not really a governor of Judea, but only a subordinate official of Vitellius...
36–37 - MarullusMarullus, prefect of JudeaMarullus was Roman Prefect of Judea under Caligula, AD 37 – 41. He was the seventh governor of this province.-See also:* Prefects, Procurators and Legates of Roman Judaea...
37–41
Roman ProcuratorsPromagistrateA promagistrate is a person who acts in and with the authority and capacity of a magistrate, but without holding a magisterial office. A legal innovation of the Roman Republic, the promagistracy was invented in order to provide Rome with governors of overseas territories instead of having to elect...
- Cuspius FadusCuspius FadusCuspius Fadus was an Ancient Roman eques and procurator of Iudaea Province in 44–46 AD.After the death of King Agrippa, in 44 AD, he was appointed procurator by Claudius. During his administration, peace was restored in the country, and the only disturbance was created by one Theudas, who came...
44–46 - Tiberius Julius AlexanderTiberius Julius AlexanderTiberius Julius Alexander was an equestrian governor and general in the Roman Empire. Born into a wealthy Jewish family of Alexandria but abandoning or neglecting the Jewish religion, he rose to become procurator of Judea under Claudius...
46–48 - Ventidius CumanusVentidius CumanusVentidius Cumanus was the Roman procurator of Iudaea Province from AD 48 to c. AD 52. A disagreement between the surviving sources, the Jewish historian Josephus and the Roman Tacitus, makes it unclear whether his authority was over some or all of the province...
48–52 - Marcus Antonius FelixAntonius FelixMarcus Antonius Felix was the Roman procurator of Iudaea Province 52-58, in succession to Ventidius Cumanus.- Life :...
52–60 - Porcius FestusPorcius FestusPorcius Festus was procurator of Judea from about AD 59 to 62, succeeding Antonius Felix. His exact time in office is not known. The earliest proposed date for the start of his term is c. A.D. 55-6, while the latest is A.D. 61. These extremes have not gained much support and most scholars opt...
60–62 - Lucceius AlbinusLucceius AlbinusLucceius Albinus was the Roman Procurator of Judea from AD 62 until 64 and the governor of Mauretania from 64 until 69.Appointed procurator by the Emperor Nero following the death of his predecessor, Porcius Festus, Albinus faced his first challenge while traveling from Alexandria to his new...
62–64 - Gessius FlorusGessius FlorusGessius Florus was the Roman procurator of Judea from 64 until 66. Born in Clazomenae, Florus was appointed to replace Lucceius Albinus as procurator by the Emperor Nero due to his wife's friendship with Nero's wife Poppaea...
64–66 - Marcus Antonius JulianusMarcus Antonius JulianusMarcus Antonius Julianus was a procurator of Judea during the time of the Great Jewish Revolt.According to the Octavius he wrote a history relevant to the Jews.-See also:* Prefects, Procurators, and Legates of Roman Judaea...
66–70 (dates uncertain)
Roman LegatesLegatusA legatus was a general in the Roman army, equivalent to a modern general officer. Being of senatorial rank, his immediate superior was the dux, and he outranked all military tribunes...
- Sextus Vettulenus CerialisSextus Vettulenus CerialisSextus Vettulenus Cerialis was a Roman military commander and subsequently the governor of Judaea in 70-71. He appears in the military diploma dated April 28, 75 and in the inscription dated February 7, 78 . Cerialis was of Sabine origin. Vespasian sent him to subdue the Samaritans and Edomites...
70–71 - Lucilius BassusLucilius BassusLucilius Bassus was a Roman legatus appointed by Emperor Vespasian to the Iudaea Province in 71 AD. Assigned to finish off the last remnants of the Great Jewish Revolt in the province, he led the legion Legio X Fretensis, destroying the Jewish strongholds Herodium and Machaerus on their march to...
71–72 - Lucius Flavius SilvaLucius Flavius SilvaLucius Flavius Silva Nonius Bassus was a late-1st century Roman general, governor of the province of Iudaea and consul. History remembers Silva as the Roman commander who led his army, composed mainly of the Legio X Fretensis, in 73 AD up to Masada and laid siege to its near-impenetrable mountain...
72–81 - M. SalvidenusSalvidenusM. Salvidenus was the governor of the Roman Iudaea Province . His date is proved by a Palestinian coin of Titus .-See also:* Roman Prefects, Procurators and Legates of Iudaea Province, 6-135 AD...
80–85 - Cnaeus Pompeius LonginusCnaeus Pompeius LonginusCnaeus Pompeius Longinus, full name Cnaeus Pinarius Aemilius Cicatricula Pompeius Longinus.A Roman Legatus of the Iudaea Province. He is mentioned in a military brevet issued by Domitian, dated May 13, 86. Death by suicide.-See also:...
c.86 - Sextus Hermetidius Campanus c.93
- Tiberius Claudius Atticus HerodesTiberius Claudius Atticus Herodes (suffect consul 132)Tiberius Claudius Atticus Herodes was a distinguished Greek aristocrat of the Roman Empire.- Origin and life :Claudius Atticus was a Greek of Athenian descent. As he bears the Roman family name, Claudius, there is a possibility that a paternal ancestor of his, received Roman citizenship, from an...
99–102 - Gaius Julius Quadratus BassusGaius Julius Quadratus BassusGaius Julius Quadratus Bassus , a Romanized Galatian, was a Legate at Judaea between 102/103 and 104/105, Consul of Rome in 105 and Proconsul of Asia in 105. He was the son of Gaius Julius Bassus, Proconsul in Bithynia in 98....
102–104 - Quintus Pompeius FalcoQuintus Pompeius FalcoQuintus Pompeius Falco was a Roman politician of the early 2nd century.His complete name was Quintus Roscius Coelius Murena Silius Decianus Vibullius Pius Iulius Eurycles Herculanus Pompeius Falco. Pompeius Falco was governor of Moesia Inferior between 116 and 117...
105–107 - TiberianusTiberianusTiberianus. The Byzantine chronicler Johannes Malalas speaks of him as governor of the first province of Palestine , in connection with the sojourn of Hadrian in Antioch . A similar notice may be found in Johannes Antiochenus and in Suda, s.v. Τραἴανός...
114–117 - Lusius QuietusLusius Quietusthumb|300px|Stylised Moorish Cavalry under Lusius Quietus, fighting against the Dacians. From the Column of Trajan.Lusius Quietus was a Roman general and governor of Iudaea in 117.- Life :...
117-120 - Lucius Cossonius Gallus 120
- Quintus Tineius Rufus 132–135
- Sextus Julius SeverusSextus Julius SeverusSextus Julius Severus was an accomplished Roman General of the 2nd century.Julius Severus served as Governor of Moesia; he was appointed Governor of Britain around 131.In 133 he was transferred to Judea, to help suppress the Bar Kochba rebellion there...
c.135
See also
- Kings of Israel
- Kings of JudahKings of JudahThe Kings of Judah ruled the ancient Kingdom of Judah after the death of Saul, when the tribe of Judah elevated David to rule over it. After seven years, David became king of a reunited Kingdom of Israel. However, in about 930 BC the united kingdom split, with ten of the twelve Tribes of Israel...
- Herodian DynastyHerodian DynastyThe Herodian Dynasty was a Jewish dynasty of Idumean descent, client Kings of Roman Judaea Province between 37 BCE and 92 CE.- Origin :During the time of the Hasmonean ruler John Hyrcanus 134-104 BCE, Israel conquered Edom and forced the Edomites to convert to Judaism.The Edomites were integrated...
- List of High Priests of Israel