Gessius Florus

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Gessius Florus

Gessius Florus was the Roman

Roman Empire

The Roman Empire was the Roman Republic phase of the Ancient Rome, characterised by an autocracy form of government and large territorial holdings in Europe and around the Mediterranean....
procurator

Procurator

Procurator may refer to:In historical uses:*Promagistrate, an appointed position in the Roman Republic by the Senate, acting in place of a curator...
of Judea

Iudaea Province

Iudaea was a Roman province that extended over the former region of the Hasmonean and Herodian kingdoms of Israel. It was named after the tetrarchy of Judea of which it was an expansion, the latter name deriving from the Kingdom of Judah of the 6th century BCE....
from 64

Year 64 was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar....
until 66

Year 66 was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar....
. Born in Clazomenae

Clazomenae

Klazomenai was an ancient Greek city of Ionia and a member of the Ionian League , it was one of the first cities to issue silver coinage....
, Florus was appointed to replace Lucceius Albinus

Lucceius Albinus

Lucceius Albinus was the Roman Empire List of Kings of Judea#Procurator from 62 until 64 and the Roman governor of Mauretania from 64 until 69....
as procurator

Promagistrate

A promagistrate is a person who acts in and with the authority and capacity of a Roman Magistrates, but without holding a magisterial office. A legal innovation of the Roman Republic, the promagistracy was invented in order to provide Rome with governors of overseas territories instead of having to elect more magistrates each year....
by the Emperor

Roman Emperor

The Roman Emperor was the ruler of the Roman Empire during the imperial period . The Romans had no single term for the office: Latin language titles such as imperator , Augustus , Caesar and princeps were all associated with it....
Nero

Nero

Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus , born Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus, also called Nero Claudius Caesar Drusus Germanicus, was the fifth and final Roman emperor of the Julio-Claudian dynasty....
due to his wife's friendship with Nero's wife Poppaea

Poppaea Sabina

Poppaea Sabina was a Roman Empress and second wife of the Roman Emperor Nero. The historians of Classical antiquity describe her as a beautiful woman who used intrigues to become empress....
. He was noted for his public greed and injustice to the Jewish population, and is credited by Josephus

Josephus

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Gessius Florus was the Roman

Roman Empire

Procurator

Procurator may refer to:In historical uses:*Promagistrate, an appointed position in the Roman Republic by the Senate, acting in place of a curator...
of Judea

Iudaea Province

Year 64 was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar....
until 66

Year 66 was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar....
. Born in Clazomenae

Clazomenae

Klazomenai was an ancient Greek city of Ionia and a member of the Ionian League , it was one of the first cities to issue silver coinage....
, Florus was appointed to replace Lucceius Albinus

Lucceius Albinus

Lucceius Albinus was the Roman Empire List of Kings of Judea#Procurator from 62 until 64 and the Roman governor of Mauretania from 64 until 69....
as procurator

Promagistrate

Roman Emperor

Nero

Poppaea Sabina

Josephus

Josephus , also known as Yosef Ben Matityahu and, after he became a Roman citizenship, as Titus Flavius Josephus, was a first-century Jewish historian and apologist of priestly and royal ancestry who survived and recorded the destruction of Jerusalem in AD 70....
as being the primary cause of the Great Jewish Revolt.

Upon taking office in Caesarea, Florus began a practice of favoring the local Greek population of the city over the Jewish population. The local Greek population noticed Florus' policies and took advantage of the circumstances to denigrate the local Jewish population. One notable instance of provocation occurred while the Jews were worshiping at their local synagogue

Synagogue

A synagogue is a Jewish house of prayer.Synagogues usually have a large hall for prayer , smaller rooms for study and sometimes a social hall and offices....
and a Hellenist

Hellenization

Hellenization is a term used to describe the spread of Greek culture. It is mainly used to describe the spread of Hellenistic civilization during the Hellenistic period following the campaigns of Alexander the Great of Macedon....
sacrificed several birds on top of an earthenware container at the entrance of the synagogue, an act that rendered the building ritually unclean

Ritual purification

Ritual purification is a feature of many religions. The aim of these rituals is to remove specifically defined uncleanliness prior to a particular type of activity, and especially prior to the worship of a deity....
. In response to this action, the Jews sent a group of men to petition Florus for redress. Despite accepting a payment of eight talents

Talent (weight)

The talent is an ancient unit of mass. It corresponded generally to the mass of water in the volume of an Amphora , i.e. one foot cubed. Depending on the length of the respective legal foot, this corresponds roughly to the mass of 27 kg or about 60 English pound s....
to hear the case, Florus refused to listen to the complaints and instead had the petitioners imprisoned.

Florus further angered the Jewish population of his province by having seventeen talents removed from the treasury of the Temple

Herod's Temple

Herod's Temple in Jerusalem was a massive expansion of the Temple Mount and construction of a completely new and much larger Jewish Temple by King Herod the Great around 19 BCE....
in Jerusalem

Jerusalem

Jerusalem is the capital of Israel and its List of Israeli cities in both population and area, with a population of 747,600 residents over an area of if Positions on Jerusalem East Jerusalem is included....
, claiming the money was for the Emperor. In response to this action, the city fell into unrest and some of the Jewish population began to openly mock Florus by passing a basket around to collect money as if Florus was poor. Florus reacted to the unrest by sending soldiers into Jerusalem the next day to raid the city and arrest a number of the city leaders. The arrested individuals were whipped and crucified

Crucifixion

Crucifixion is an ancient method of execution , whereby the condemned person is tied or nailed to a large wooden cross and left to hang until dead....
despite many of them being Roman citizens

Roman citizenship

Citizenship in ancient Rome was a privileged social status afforded to certain individuals with respect to laws, property, and governance.It is hard to offer meaningful generalities across the entire Roman period, as the nature and availability of citizenship was affected by legislation, for example, the Lex Iulia....
.

After the outbreak of the Great Jewish Revolt, Florus was replaced as procurator by Marcus Antonius Julianus

Marcus Antonius Julianus

Marcus Antonius Julianus was a procurator of Judea during the time of the Great Jewish Revolt.See also* List of Kings of Judea...
.