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Jund Filastin ("the military district of Palestine") was one of several sub-provinces of the Ummayad and Abbasid
Abbasid

The Abbasid Caliphate was the third of the Islamic Caliphates of the Islamic Empire. The Caliphate is one of the high points of Islam, and at the time Muslim civilization, together with that of Byzantium, China and India, was the most developed part of the world....
 Caliphate
Caliphate

The caliphate represented the political leadership of the Muslim ummah in classical and medieval Islamic history and juristic theory. The head of state's position is based on the notion of a successor to the Prophets of Islam Muhammad's political authority....
 province of Syria, organized soon after the Muslim conquest of Syria
Muslim conquest of Syria

The Muslim conquest of Syria occurred in the first half of the 7th century, and refers to the region known as the Bilad al-Sham, the Levant, or Greater Syria....
 in the seventh century. According to al-Biladhuri, the main towns in the district at its capture by the Rashidun Caliphate, were Gaza
Gaza

Gaza is a Palestinian people city in the Gaza Strip, approximately southwest of Jerusalem, with a population of 410,000, making it the largest city under the control of the Palestinian National Authority....
, Sebastiya, Nablus
Nablus

Nablus is a Palestinian people city in the northern West Bank, approximately north of Jerusalem, with a population of 134,000. Located in a strategic position between Mount Ebal and Mount Gerizim, it is the capital of the Nablus Governorate and a Palestinian commercial and cultural center....
, Caesarea, Ludd
Lod

Lod is a mixed Arab-Jewish city about 15 km southeast of Tel Aviv in the Center District of Israel. At the end of 2007, its population was 67,000....
, Yibna
Yibna

Yibna was a Palestinian people village of over 5,420 inhabitants, located 15 kilometers southwest of Ramla.The village was overtaken by Israeli forces on 4 June 1948....
, Imwas
Imwas

Imwas was a Palestinian village located southeast of the city of Ramla and from Jerusalem in the Latrun salient of the West Bank. Often identified with the biblical Emmaus, over the course of two millennia, Imwas was intermittently inhabited and was ruled by the Ancient Rome, Byzantine empire, Arab caliphates, Crusaders, Ottoman empire, an...
, Jaffa
Jaffa

File:Jaffa StPeter church.jpgJaffa is an ancient port city believed to be one of the oldest in the world.Jaffa is located south of Tel Aviv, Israel on the Mediterranean Sea....
, Rafah
Rafah

File:Location Rhafa.pngRafah is a Palestinian people city in the southern Gaza Strip, but also extends into the Sinai Peninsula in Egypt. Located south of Gaza, Rafah's population of 71,000 is overwhelmingly made up of Palestinian refugees....
, and Bayt Jibrin
Bayt Jibrin

Bayt Jibrin was a Palestinian people Arab village located northwest of the city of Hebron. In the last census of Palestine in 1945, the population was 2,430....
. At first under the early Umayyad caliphs, Ludd was the capital, but after Suleiman ibn Abd al-Malik founded the nearby city Ramla
Ramla

Ramla , is a city in central Israel with a mixed Arab and Jewish population. Ramla was founded circa 705?715 CE by the Umayyad Caliph Suleiman ibn Abed al-Malik....
, he made it the capital, while most of Ludd's inhabitants were forced to settle there.






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Jund Filastin ("the military district of Palestine") was one of several sub-provinces of the Ummayad and Abbasid
Abbasid

The Abbasid Caliphate was the third of the Islamic Caliphates of the Islamic Empire. The Caliphate is one of the high points of Islam, and at the time Muslim civilization, together with that of Byzantium, China and India, was the most developed part of the world....
 Caliphate
Caliphate

The caliphate represented the political leadership of the Muslim ummah in classical and medieval Islamic history and juristic theory. The head of state's position is based on the notion of a successor to the Prophets of Islam Muhammad's political authority....
 province of Syria, organized soon after the Muslim conquest of Syria
Muslim conquest of Syria

The Muslim conquest of Syria occurred in the first half of the 7th century, and refers to the region known as the Bilad al-Sham, the Levant, or Greater Syria....
 in the seventh century. According to al-Biladhuri, the main towns in the district at its capture by the Rashidun Caliphate, were Gaza
Gaza

Gaza is a Palestinian people city in the Gaza Strip, approximately southwest of Jerusalem, with a population of 410,000, making it the largest city under the control of the Palestinian National Authority....
, Sebastiya, Nablus
Nablus

Nablus is a Palestinian people city in the northern West Bank, approximately north of Jerusalem, with a population of 134,000. Located in a strategic position between Mount Ebal and Mount Gerizim, it is the capital of the Nablus Governorate and a Palestinian commercial and cultural center....
, Caesarea, Ludd
Lod

Lod is a mixed Arab-Jewish city about 15 km southeast of Tel Aviv in the Center District of Israel. At the end of 2007, its population was 67,000....
, Yibna
Yibna

Yibna was a Palestinian people village of over 5,420 inhabitants, located 15 kilometers southwest of Ramla.The village was overtaken by Israeli forces on 4 June 1948....
, Imwas
Imwas

Imwas was a Palestinian village located southeast of the city of Ramla and from Jerusalem in the Latrun salient of the West Bank. Often identified with the biblical Emmaus, over the course of two millennia, Imwas was intermittently inhabited and was ruled by the Ancient Rome, Byzantine empire, Arab caliphates, Crusaders, Ottoman empire, an...
, Jaffa
Jaffa

File:Jaffa StPeter church.jpgJaffa is an ancient port city believed to be one of the oldest in the world.Jaffa is located south of Tel Aviv, Israel on the Mediterranean Sea....
, Rafah
Rafah

File:Location Rhafa.pngRafah is a Palestinian people city in the southern Gaza Strip, but also extends into the Sinai Peninsula in Egypt. Located south of Gaza, Rafah's population of 71,000 is overwhelmingly made up of Palestinian refugees....
, and Bayt Jibrin
Bayt Jibrin

Bayt Jibrin was a Palestinian people Arab village located northwest of the city of Hebron. In the last census of Palestine in 1945, the population was 2,430....
. At first under the early Umayyad caliphs, Ludd was the capital, but after Suleiman ibn Abd al-Malik founded the nearby city Ramla
Ramla

Ramla , is a city in central Israel with a mixed Arab and Jewish population. Ramla was founded circa 705?715 CE by the Umayyad Caliph Suleiman ibn Abed al-Malik....
, he made it the capital, while most of Ludd's inhabitants were forced to settle there. In the 9th century, Jund Filastin was the most fertile of Syria's districts, and contained at least twenty mosque
Mosque

A mosque is a place of worship for followers of Islam. Muslims often refer to the mosque by its Arabic name, masjid, ? . The word "mosque" in English refers to all types of buildings dedicated for Islamic worship, although there is a distinction in Arabic between the smaller, privately owned mosque and the larger, "collective" mosque ,...
s, despite its small size.

The Arab
Arab

An Arab is a person who Identity as such on linguistic or cultural grounds. The plural form, Arabs , refers to the Ethnocultural group at large....
 tribes that settled Jund Filastin were the Lakhm, Kindah
Kindah

The Kindah kingdom was a vassal kingdom ruled from Qaryah dhat Kahl in Central Arabia. They ruled much of the Northern Arabian peninsula for the Himyarite Empire of Yemen....
, Qais
Qais

Qais also spelled Kays or Kais were an Arabian tribe branched from the Mudar Adnani Sects....
, Amilah, Judham
Banu Judham

The Banu Judham is a Yemeni tribe that emigrated to Syria and Iraq and dwelled with the Azd and Banu Hamadan Kahlani tribes. Most Arab genealogists are not sure whether they are a Kahlani or a Himyarite tribe....
 and the Kinanah; in addition, at the time of the Arab conquest the region was mainly inhabited by Syriac-speaking Monophysite Christian peasants. The population of the region did not become predominantly Muslim and Arab in identity until several centuries after the conquest. At its greatest extent, Jund Filastin extended from Rafah in the south to Lajjun
Lajjun

Lajjun was a Palestinian people village of nearly 1,300 people located northwest of Jenin. The village along with nearby Umm al-Fahm and seven hamlets, had a total land area of 77,242 dunams or , of which were built-up, while the rest was used for agricultural purposes....
 in the north, and from the Mediterranean coast well to the east of the southern part of the Jordan River
Jordan River

The Jordan River is a river in Southwest Asia which flows into the Dead Sea. It is considered to be one of the world's most sacred rivers. It is 251 kilometers long....
. The mountains of Edom
Edom

Edom is a name given to Esau in the Hebrew Bible, as well as to the nation descending from him. The nation's name in Assyrian language was Udumi; in Syriac language, ????; in Greek language, ?d???a?a ; in Latin, Idum?a or Idumea....
, and the town of Zoar
Zoar

Zoar may refer to:In geography:* Zoar, Ohio, a village in Tuscarawas County, Ohio* Zoar, Warren County, Ohio* Zoar, Wisconsin* Zoar, Cornwall, United Kingdom...
 at the southeastern end of the Dead Sea
Dead Sea

For the Brian Keene book of the same name, see Dead Sea The Dead Sea is a salt lake between Israel and the West Bank to the west, and Jordan to the east....
 were included in the district. However, the Galilee
Galilee

Galilee , is a large region in northern Israel which overlaps with much of the administrative North District of the country. Traditionally divided into Upper Galilee , Lower Galilee , and Western Galilee , extending from Dan to the north, at the base of Mount Hermon, along Mount Lebanon to the ridges of Mount Carmel and Mount Gilboa t...
 was excluded, being part of Jund al-Urdunn
Jund al-Urdunn

Jund al-Urdunn was one of the five districts of Bilad ash-Sham during the period of the Arab Caliphates. It was established by the Rashidun and throughout its rule by the Ummayad and Abbasid calipahtes, Tiberias was the capital....
 in the north. After the Fatimid
Fatimid

The Fatimid Caliphate or al-Fatimiyyun was an Arab Shi'a dynasty that ruled over varying areas of the Maghreb, Egypt, Sicily, Malta and the Levant from 5 January 909 to 1171....
s conquered the district from the Abbasid
Abbasid

The Abbasid Caliphate was the third of the Islamic Caliphates of the Islamic Empire. The Caliphate is one of the high points of Islam, and at the time Muslim civilization, together with that of Byzantium, China and India, was the most developed part of the world....
s, Jerusalem
Jerusalem

Jerusalem is the capital of Israel and its List of Israeli cities in both population and area, with a population of 747,600 residents over an area of if Positions on Jerusalem East Jerusalem is included....
 eventually became the capital, and the principal towns were Ashkelon
Ashkelon

Ashkelon or Ashqelon is a coastal city in the South District of Israel. The ancient seaport of Ashkelon dates back to the Bronze Age. In the course of its history, it has been ruled by the Canaanites, the Philistines, the Babylonians, the Phoenicians, the Ancient Romes, the Muslims and the Crusaders....
, Ramla, Gaza, Arsuf
Arsuf

Arsuf also known as Arsur or Apollonia, was an ancient city and fortress located in Israel, about 15 kilometres north of modern Tel Aviv, on a cliff above the Mediterranean Sea....
, Caesarea, Jaffa, Jericho
Jericho

Jericho is a city located near the Jordan River in the West Bank of the Palestinian territories. It is the capital of the Jericho Governorate, and has a population of over 20,000 Arabs....
, Nablus, Bayt Jibrin, and Amman
Amman

Amman , sometimes spelled Ammann , is the Capital city of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, a city of 2,525,000 inhabitants , and the administrative capital and commercial center of Jordan....
. The district persisted in some form until the Seljuk
Seljuk

Seljuk was the eponymous hero of the Seljuks. He was the son of a certain Dukak Timuryaligh surnamed Timuryaligh -of the iron bow- and either the chief or an eminent member from the Kinik tribe of the Oghuz Turks....
 invasions and the Crusades of the late 11th century.

See also

  • Palestine during the Arab Caliphate period
    Palestine

    Palestine is a name which has been widely used since Roman times to refer to the region between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River. It is derived from a name used already much earlier for a narrower geographical region, mainly along the coastal region....


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