Hitori Kumagai
Encyclopedia
, born , is a Japanese
author
. He was the party concerned who was involved in the Toshiba-Kongsberg scandal, and was also a whistleblower
.
, Japan
. He graduated from the Russian department of the Tokyo University of Foreign Studies
in Fuchu
, Tokyo
, Japan
in 1963.
asked the executive of Wako in Moscow
, the Soviet Union
one day in October, 1980 "I want the robot which builds the screw for large-sized vessels". Wako put connection into TOSHIBA MACHINE CO., LTD. (東芝機械株式会社) which specialized in the work with the communist countries and was a dummy of Toshiba
, and went into the business talk with the KGB
together late in December, 1980. The demand of the KGB
became four sets of machine tools of nine axes and four sets of machine tools of five axes. It was an action that violated the CoCom
regulations to export the machine tool more than machine tool of two axes to the Soviet Union
. The Ministry of International Trade and Industry
(MITI) of Japan
served as the adviser of the violation of the CoCom
restriction. When the technical problem was solved, Itochu
would work together with Wako and Toshiba Machine and became a window of export. It was said that they wanted to do so because Itochu
and Toshiba Machine had long association. Besides, Itochu
had forced the responsibility of the violation of the CoCom
agreement on Wako and Toshiba Machine. In other words Wako was a dummy of Itochu
. The Moscow branch of Itochu
suited the building in Moscow
, the Soviet Union
which Chairman Armand Hammer
of Occidental Petroleum
built. The KGB
, Itochu
, Wako and Toshiba Machine signed into the contract formally in the Moscow branch of Itochu
on April 24, 1981. Itochu
and Toshiba
of the major company were not to know the violation of the CoCom
on form.
and SHINKO SEIKI CO., LTD. (神港精機株式会社) violated the CoCom
regulation and exported one set of germanium transistor production facility to the Soviet Union
. Ataka & Co., Ltd. (安宅産業株式会社) which specialized in the work with the communist countries and was a dummy of Itochu
and Toshiba Machine violated the CoCom
regulation and exported one set of machine tools of three axes to the Soviet Union
.
in Norway
. They would obtain the permission for the machine tool as a machine tool of two axes, import the NC device for two axes from Kongsberg Gruppen
to Japan
, include it in the machine tool, and export them to the Soviet Union
. (Norway
→ Japan
→ the Soviet Union
) The program of the NC device would be exported from Japan
to Kongsberg Gruppen
, and exported to the Soviet Union
after that. (Japan
→ Norway
→ the Soviet Union
) Of course, these were all actions that violated the CoCom
regulations.
ship which put No. 1 departed from Tokyo Bay
, bypassed the North Pacific Ocean
and the Bering Sea
, and arrived in Leningrad
, the Soviet Union
via the Arctic Ocean
around the spring in 1983. No. 2, No. 3, and No. 4 were landed in the Ilyichevsk port of the Black Sea
coast and arrived in Leningrad
, the Soviet Union
on the railroad. Kumagai did charge to install this No. 1 and one more set in the propeller factory of the Baltic shipyard
. The two remaining sets would be installed in this factory of the Baltic shipyard
. He could not taken the check directly in these two sets after that. He finished equipment and delivered two sets that he was in charge of in the end of December, 1983. As for the machine tools of five axes, similarly, he was in charge of only two sets, finished equipment and delivered them in December, 1984.
for ten years. After that, the government officials of the Soviet Union
came in contact with him in Japan
several times and invited him to the business partner. However, he refused them.
Wako and Toshiba Machine had proposed to him regarding whistleblowing. However, he also refused them. And he decided whistleblowing. By the way, he had read The Hunt for Red October
by Tom Clancy
.
, etc.. But they refused him. They took sides with the companies blown the whistle on. Therefore, he wrote a letter to CoCom
. The contents were the details of the products which violated the CoCom
regulations, and which had be exported and were likely to be exported to the Soviet Union
. He attached documents on hand about the machine tools of nine axes. He wrote correctly the information, including his name, address, and telephone number. And he posted the letter written in English to CoCom
headquarters in Paris
, France
in December, 1985. Because he worried about the assassination to him, he recorded in detail the event which he knew on work with the Soviet Union
during summer from spring of 1986, and handed his friend the copy of this record. If he had an accident to him, he asked his friend to pass the record to the address written on the letter.
agreement corresponded to the Foreign Exchange and Foreign Trade Control Law in Japan
. CoCom
showed the government of Japan
the contents of whistleblowing sent by Kumagai and demanded correspondence from the government of Japan
in the end of December, 1985. The ministries and government offices of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japan)
, the Ministry of International Trade and Industry
, the Ministry of the Treasury, the National Police Agency (Japan)
, and the Ministry of Defense (Japan), etc. related to this affair in Japan
held the meeting in January, 1986. However, moreover, they did not make it an incident. After that, the government of Japan
, Itochu
, Toshiba
, and the associated companies refused his whistleblowing as if they became one organization till 1987. He went also to the Embassy of the United States in Tokyo
, Japan
and blew the whistle by the summer of 1986. The federal government of the United States
did the same cross-examination about this affair to the government of Japan
40 times by 1987. But the government of Japan
did not tell the federal government of the United States
the truth. He was cornered mentally. Therefore, although he answered the telephone call in English in his house several times in December, 1986, he had refused them.
was held in January 26, 27, 1987. The United States
inquired Norway
and Japan
about the machine tool of nine axes at this meeting. As a result, because Norway
investigated the fact and clarified the incident, the lie of Japan
became clear at last so that Japan
followed after the criminal investigation of Norway
. Kumagai had not received a reply from the government of Japan
at all from December, 1985 to April, 1987. He received the telephone call for the first time from and was summoned from the government of Japan
on April 27, 1987. The news in Japan
of the incident of the machine tool of nine axes was carried out for the first time on April 30, 1987. However, the prescription of three years of the illegal export of the machine tool of nine axes had already expired. The police report of him was sent to the prosecutor on May 28, 1987. The news in Japan
of the incident of the machine tool of five axes was carried out for the first time on June 18, 1987. However, the prescription of three years of the illegal export of the machine tool of five axes had already expired. Because the government of Japan
knew the details of the incident in the end of December, 1985, the government of Japan
ran out of the prescription intentionally. He conferred with William C. Triplett, a former CIA analyst, in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japan)
in July, 1987. Triplett asked him for the testimony in United States congressional hearing. However, he refused it. He also feared the retaliation of the KGB
. Instead, he made his testimony a book on January 30, 1988.
Good-bye, Moscow: The background of the Toshiba-Kongsberg scandal
regulations and the Export Trade Control Ordinance, and to export the strategic goods to the Comecon
coutries of the Soviet Union
, etc.. They were the typical means used in the industry of the Soviet Union
trade, and were classified in eight patterns basically.
agents maneuvered the uptake of the foreigners. The KGB
agents in this case were exclusive workers and were appointed in the organization and the building, etc. which the foreigners were concerned with. The formal status was an ordinary status.
was managed by all the Soviet Union trade public corporations been independent according to the merchandise department. This public corporation treated the trade of a certain product monopolistically. Products of the arms industry were imported mainly.
Japanese people
The are an ethnic group originating in the Japanese archipelago and are the predominant ethnic group of Japan. Worldwide, approximately 130 million people are of Japanese descent; of these, approximately 127 million are residents of Japan. People of Japanese ancestry who live in other countries...
author
Author
An author is broadly defined as "the person who originates or gives existence to anything" and that authorship determines responsibility for what is created. Narrowly defined, an author is the originator of any written work.-Legal significance:...
. He was the party concerned who was involved in the Toshiba-Kongsberg scandal, and was also a whistleblower
Whistleblower
A whistleblower is a person who tells the public or someone in authority about alleged dishonest or illegal activities occurring in a government department, a public or private organization, or a company...
.
Early life and education
Kumagai was born in Onomichi, HiroshimaOnomichi, Hiroshima
is a city located in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan, facing the Inland Sea.As of January 1, 2008, the city has an estimated population of 148,085 and a population density of 520 persons per km². The total area is 284.85 km²...
, Japan
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
. He graduated from the Russian department of the Tokyo University of Foreign Studies
Tokyo University of Foreign Studies
TUFS is a specialized institution only in foreign language, international affairs and foreign studies, thus it is not as well-known as other big universities such as University of Tokyo and Kyoto University...
in Fuchu
Fuchu
is the name of several places in Japan:*Fuchū, Tokyo, a city in Tokyo Metropolis*Fuchū, Hiroshima, a city in Hiroshima Prefecture*Fuchū, Hiroshima , a town in Hiroshima Prefecture*Fuchū-shuku, a former post station on the Tōkaidō...
, Tokyo
Tokyo
, ; officially , is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan. Tokyo is the capital of Japan, the center of the Greater Tokyo Area, and the largest metropolitan area of Japan. It is the seat of the Japanese government and the Imperial Palace, and the home of the Japanese Imperial Family...
, Japan
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
in 1963.
Toshiba-Kongsberg scandal
Kumagai had worked in a trading company, Wako Koeki Co., Ltd. (和光交易株式会社) specialized in the work with the communist countries in 1963. Because such a special company had the weak position to the government and a major company, when the government and a major company gave it orders, it became the dummy and did even how bad thing.Contract
The KGBKGB
The KGB was the commonly used acronym for the . It was the national security agency of the Soviet Union from 1954 until 1991, and was the premier internal security, intelligence, and secret police organization during that time.The State Security Agency of the Republic of Belarus currently uses the...
asked the executive of Wako in Moscow
Moscow
Moscow is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, scientific, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the continent...
, the Soviet Union
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
one day in October, 1980 "I want the robot which builds the screw for large-sized vessels". Wako put connection into TOSHIBA MACHINE CO., LTD. (東芝機械株式会社) which specialized in the work with the communist countries and was a dummy of Toshiba
Toshiba
is a multinational electronics and electrical equipment corporation headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. It is a diversified manufacturer and marketer of electrical products, spanning information & communications equipment and systems, Internet-based solutions and services, electronic components and...
, and went into the business talk with the KGB
KGB
The KGB was the commonly used acronym for the . It was the national security agency of the Soviet Union from 1954 until 1991, and was the premier internal security, intelligence, and secret police organization during that time.The State Security Agency of the Republic of Belarus currently uses the...
together late in December, 1980. The demand of the KGB
KGB
The KGB was the commonly used acronym for the . It was the national security agency of the Soviet Union from 1954 until 1991, and was the premier internal security, intelligence, and secret police organization during that time.The State Security Agency of the Republic of Belarus currently uses the...
became four sets of machine tools of nine axes and four sets of machine tools of five axes. It was an action that violated the CoCom
CoCom
CoCom is an acronym for Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls. CoCom was established by Western bloc powers in the first five years after the end of World War II, during the Cold War, to put an arms embargo on COMECON countries.CoCom ceased to function on March 31, 1994, and the...
regulations to export the machine tool more than machine tool of two axes to the Soviet Union
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
. The Ministry of International Trade and Industry
Ministry of International Trade and Industry
The Ministry of International Trade and Industry was one of the most powerful agencies of the Government of Japan. At the height of its influence, it effectively ran much of Japanese industrial policy, funding research and directing investment...
(MITI) of Japan
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
served as the adviser of the violation of the CoCom
CoCom
CoCom is an acronym for Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls. CoCom was established by Western bloc powers in the first five years after the end of World War II, during the Cold War, to put an arms embargo on COMECON countries.CoCom ceased to function on March 31, 1994, and the...
restriction. When the technical problem was solved, Itochu
ITOCHU
, until 1992 "C. Itoh" in English, is a Japanese general trading concern based in Umeda, Kita-ku, Osaka and Aoyama, Minato, Tokyo. It has a common origin with Marubeni Corporation. Itochu is a Fortune 500 company.-History:...
would work together with Wako and Toshiba Machine and became a window of export. It was said that they wanted to do so because Itochu
ITOCHU
, until 1992 "C. Itoh" in English, is a Japanese general trading concern based in Umeda, Kita-ku, Osaka and Aoyama, Minato, Tokyo. It has a common origin with Marubeni Corporation. Itochu is a Fortune 500 company.-History:...
and Toshiba Machine had long association. Besides, Itochu
ITOCHU
, until 1992 "C. Itoh" in English, is a Japanese general trading concern based in Umeda, Kita-ku, Osaka and Aoyama, Minato, Tokyo. It has a common origin with Marubeni Corporation. Itochu is a Fortune 500 company.-History:...
had forced the responsibility of the violation of the CoCom
CoCom
CoCom is an acronym for Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls. CoCom was established by Western bloc powers in the first five years after the end of World War II, during the Cold War, to put an arms embargo on COMECON countries.CoCom ceased to function on March 31, 1994, and the...
agreement on Wako and Toshiba Machine. In other words Wako was a dummy of Itochu
ITOCHU
, until 1992 "C. Itoh" in English, is a Japanese general trading concern based in Umeda, Kita-ku, Osaka and Aoyama, Minato, Tokyo. It has a common origin with Marubeni Corporation. Itochu is a Fortune 500 company.-History:...
. The Moscow branch of Itochu
ITOCHU
, until 1992 "C. Itoh" in English, is a Japanese general trading concern based in Umeda, Kita-ku, Osaka and Aoyama, Minato, Tokyo. It has a common origin with Marubeni Corporation. Itochu is a Fortune 500 company.-History:...
suited the building in Moscow
Moscow
Moscow is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, scientific, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the continent...
, the Soviet Union
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
which Chairman Armand Hammer
Armand Hammer
Armand Hammer was an American business tycoon most closely associated with Occidental Petroleum, a company he ran for decades, though he was known as well as for his art collection, his philanthropy, and for his close ties to the Soviet Union.Thanks to business interests around the world and his...
of Occidental Petroleum
Occidental Petroleum
Occidental Petroleum Corporation is a California-based oil and gas exploration and production company with operations in the United States, the Middle East, North Africa, and South America...
built. The KGB
KGB
The KGB was the commonly used acronym for the . It was the national security agency of the Soviet Union from 1954 until 1991, and was the premier internal security, intelligence, and secret police organization during that time.The State Security Agency of the Republic of Belarus currently uses the...
, Itochu
ITOCHU
, until 1992 "C. Itoh" in English, is a Japanese general trading concern based in Umeda, Kita-ku, Osaka and Aoyama, Minato, Tokyo. It has a common origin with Marubeni Corporation. Itochu is a Fortune 500 company.-History:...
, Wako and Toshiba Machine signed into the contract formally in the Moscow branch of Itochu
ITOCHU
, until 1992 "C. Itoh" in English, is a Japanese general trading concern based in Umeda, Kita-ku, Osaka and Aoyama, Minato, Tokyo. It has a common origin with Marubeni Corporation. Itochu is a Fortune 500 company.-History:...
on April 24, 1981. Itochu
ITOCHU
, until 1992 "C. Itoh" in English, is a Japanese general trading concern based in Umeda, Kita-ku, Osaka and Aoyama, Minato, Tokyo. It has a common origin with Marubeni Corporation. Itochu is a Fortune 500 company.-History:...
and Toshiba
Toshiba
is a multinational electronics and electrical equipment corporation headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. It is a diversified manufacturer and marketer of electrical products, spanning information & communications equipment and systems, Internet-based solutions and services, electronic components and...
of the major company were not to know the violation of the CoCom
CoCom
CoCom is an acronym for Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls. CoCom was established by Western bloc powers in the first five years after the end of World War II, during the Cold War, to put an arms embargo on COMECON countries.CoCom ceased to function on March 31, 1994, and the...
on form.
Itochu
SHINTO JITSUGYO CO., LTD. (株式会社進展実業) which specialized in the work with the communist countries and was a dummy of ItochuITOCHU
, until 1992 "C. Itoh" in English, is a Japanese general trading concern based in Umeda, Kita-ku, Osaka and Aoyama, Minato, Tokyo. It has a common origin with Marubeni Corporation. Itochu is a Fortune 500 company.-History:...
and SHINKO SEIKI CO., LTD. (神港精機株式会社) violated the CoCom
CoCom
CoCom is an acronym for Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls. CoCom was established by Western bloc powers in the first five years after the end of World War II, during the Cold War, to put an arms embargo on COMECON countries.CoCom ceased to function on March 31, 1994, and the...
regulation and exported one set of germanium transistor production facility to the Soviet Union
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
. Ataka & Co., Ltd. (安宅産業株式会社) which specialized in the work with the communist countries and was a dummy of Itochu
ITOCHU
, until 1992 "C. Itoh" in English, is a Japanese general trading concern based in Umeda, Kita-ku, Osaka and Aoyama, Minato, Tokyo. It has a common origin with Marubeni Corporation. Itochu is a Fortune 500 company.-History:...
and Toshiba Machine violated the CoCom
CoCom
CoCom is an acronym for Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls. CoCom was established by Western bloc powers in the first five years after the end of World War II, during the Cold War, to put an arms embargo on COMECON countries.CoCom ceased to function on March 31, 1994, and the...
regulation and exported one set of machine tools of three axes to the Soviet Union
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
.
Cargo time
| Year | Kongsberg company The type of the NC device | Machine manufacturers | Machine | Number | At the carrying destination | Usage | Contract |
| September, 1964 | - | Shinko Seiki | Germanium transistor production facility | 1 | Industrial technical import public corporation | Germanium transistor | April, 1963 |
| December, 1964 | - | Shinko Seiki | Germanium transistor production facility | Industrial technical import public corporation | Germanium transistor | ||
| September 25, 1979 | NC2000 | Toshiba Machine | Machine tools of three axes | 1 | Volgodonsk | Atomic energy machinery | ? |
Delivery
The Numerical Control device (NC device) of the machine tool would become the product of Kongsberg GruppenKongsberg Gruppen
Kongsberg Gruppen is Norway's major defence contractor and maritime automation supplier, located in Kongsberg, a former mining town....
in Norway
Norway
Norway , officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic unitary constitutional monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Jan Mayen, and the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard and Bouvet Island. Norway has a total area of and a population of about 4.9 million...
. They would obtain the permission for the machine tool as a machine tool of two axes, import the NC device for two axes from Kongsberg Gruppen
Kongsberg Gruppen
Kongsberg Gruppen is Norway's major defence contractor and maritime automation supplier, located in Kongsberg, a former mining town....
to Japan
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
, include it in the machine tool, and export them to the Soviet Union
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
. (Norway
Norway
Norway , officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic unitary constitutional monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Jan Mayen, and the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard and Bouvet Island. Norway has a total area of and a population of about 4.9 million...
→ Japan
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
→ the Soviet Union
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
) The program of the NC device would be exported from Japan
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
to Kongsberg Gruppen
Kongsberg Gruppen
Kongsberg Gruppen is Norway's major defence contractor and maritime automation supplier, located in Kongsberg, a former mining town....
, and exported to the Soviet Union
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
after that. (Japan
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
→ Norway
Norway
Norway , officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic unitary constitutional monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Jan Mayen, and the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard and Bouvet Island. Norway has a total area of and a population of about 4.9 million...
→ the Soviet Union
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
) Of course, these were all actions that violated the CoCom
CoCom
CoCom is an acronym for Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls. CoCom was established by Western bloc powers in the first five years after the end of World War II, during the Cold War, to put an arms embargo on COMECON countries.CoCom ceased to function on March 31, 1994, and the...
regulations.
Cargo time
| Year | Kongsberg company The type of the NC device | Machine tool manufacturers | The number of the spindles of the simultaneous control | Unit Number | At the carrying destination | Usage | Contract |
| 1982/12 | NC2000 | Toshiba Machine | 9 | 1 | Baltic shipyard | Screw | April 24, 1981 |
| 1983/2 | NC2000 | Toshiba Machine | 9 | 2 | Baltic shipyard | Screw | |
| 1983/5 | NC2000 | Toshiba Machine | 9 | 3 | Baltic shipyard | Screw | |
| 1983/6 | NC2000 | Toshiba Machine | 9 | 4 | Baltic shipyard | Screw | |
| 1984/4 | NC2000 | Toshiba Machine | 5 | 5 | Baltic shipyard | Screw | April 1, 1983 |
| 6 | |||||||
| 1984/5 | NC2000 | Toshiba Machine | 5 | 7 | Baltic shipyard | Screw | |
| 8 | |||||||
Performance
| Measurement | MBP110 |
|---|---|
| The number of the spindles of the simultaneous control | 9 axes |
| Height | 10 m |
| Width | 22 m |
| Weight | 10 t |
| The maximum diameter of the propeller which can be processed | 11 m |
| The maximum weight of the propeller which can be processed |
130 t |
| The number of sheets of the most feather of the propeller which can be processed | 11 |
Setting
The Soviet UnionSoviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
ship which put No. 1 departed from Tokyo Bay
Tokyo Bay
is a bay in the southern Kantō region of Japan. Its old name was .-Geography:Tokyo Bay is surrounded by the Bōsō Peninsula to the east and the Miura Peninsula to the west. In a narrow sense, Tokyo Bay is the area north of the straight line formed by the on the Miura Peninsula on one end and on...
, bypassed the North Pacific Ocean
Pacific Ocean
The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth's oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic in the north to the Southern Ocean in the south, bounded by Asia and Australia in the west, and the Americas in the east.At 165.2 million square kilometres in area, this largest division of the World...
and the Bering Sea
Bering Sea
The Bering Sea is a marginal sea of the Pacific Ocean. It comprises a deep water basin, which then rises through a narrow slope into the shallower water above the continental shelves....
, and arrived in Leningrad
Leningrad
Leningrad is the former name of Saint Petersburg, Russia.Leningrad may also refer to:- Places :* Leningrad Oblast, a federal subject of Russia, around Saint Petersburg* Leningrad, Tajikistan, capital of Muminobod district in Khatlon Province...
, the Soviet Union
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
via the Arctic Ocean
Arctic Ocean
The Arctic Ocean, located in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Arctic north polar region, is the smallest and shallowest of the world's five major oceanic divisions...
around the spring in 1983. No. 2, No. 3, and No. 4 were landed in the Ilyichevsk port of the Black Sea
Black Sea
The Black Sea is bounded by Europe, Anatolia and the Caucasus and is ultimately connected to the Atlantic Ocean via the Mediterranean and the Aegean seas and various straits. The Bosphorus strait connects it to the Sea of Marmara, and the strait of the Dardanelles connects that sea to the Aegean...
coast and arrived in Leningrad
Leningrad
Leningrad is the former name of Saint Petersburg, Russia.Leningrad may also refer to:- Places :* Leningrad Oblast, a federal subject of Russia, around Saint Petersburg* Leningrad, Tajikistan, capital of Muminobod district in Khatlon Province...
, the Soviet Union
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
on the railroad. Kumagai did charge to install this No. 1 and one more set in the propeller factory of the Baltic shipyard
Baltic Shipyard
The Baltic Shipyard is one of the oldest shipyards in Russia. It is located in Saint Petersburg in the south-western part of the Vasilievsky Island. It is one of the three shipyards active in Saint Petersburg...
. The two remaining sets would be installed in this factory of the Baltic shipyard
Baltic Shipyard
The Baltic Shipyard is one of the oldest shipyards in Russia. It is located in Saint Petersburg in the south-western part of the Vasilievsky Island. It is one of the three shipyards active in Saint Petersburg...
. He could not taken the check directly in these two sets after that. He finished equipment and delivered two sets that he was in charge of in the end of December, 1983. As for the machine tools of five axes, similarly, he was in charge of only two sets, finished equipment and delivered them in December, 1984.
Dismissal
This work was big business for Kumagai. However, Wako did not evaluate him well, and on the contrary, Wako did not promote him when Wako would promote him originally. He felt anger in Wako and had resigned Wako in 1985. At this time, he told Wako about whistleblowing. After all, he had worked with the communist countries for 22 years. He had resided in MoscowMoscow
Moscow is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, scientific, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the continent...
for ten years. After that, the government officials of the Soviet Union
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
came in contact with him in Japan
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
several times and invited him to the business partner. However, he refused them.
Wako and Toshiba Machine had proposed to him regarding whistleblowing. However, he also refused them. And he decided whistleblowing. By the way, he had read The Hunt for Red October
The Hunt for Red October
The Hunt for Red October is a 1984 novel by Tom Clancy. The story follows the intertwined adventures of Soviet submarine captain Marko Aleksandrovich Ramius and CIA analyst Jack Ryan.The novel was originally published by the U.S...
by Tom Clancy
Tom Clancy
Thomas Leo "Tom" Clancy, Jr. is an American author, best known for his technically detailed espionage, military science, and techno thriller storylines set during and in the aftermath of the Cold War, along with video games on which he did not work, but which bear his name for licensing and...
.
Whistleblowing
At first Kumagai went to the authorities concerneds of the Tokyo Metropolitan Police DepartmentTokyo Metropolitan Police Department
The Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department serves as the police force for the entire Tokyo metropolis. Founded in 1874, it is headed by a superintendent general, who is appointed by the National Public Safety Commission and approved by the prime minister.The Metropolitan Police, with a staff of more...
, etc.. But they refused him. They took sides with the companies blown the whistle on. Therefore, he wrote a letter to CoCom
CoCom
CoCom is an acronym for Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls. CoCom was established by Western bloc powers in the first five years after the end of World War II, during the Cold War, to put an arms embargo on COMECON countries.CoCom ceased to function on March 31, 1994, and the...
. The contents were the details of the products which violated the CoCom
CoCom
CoCom is an acronym for Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls. CoCom was established by Western bloc powers in the first five years after the end of World War II, during the Cold War, to put an arms embargo on COMECON countries.CoCom ceased to function on March 31, 1994, and the...
regulations, and which had be exported and were likely to be exported to the Soviet Union
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
. He attached documents on hand about the machine tools of nine axes. He wrote correctly the information, including his name, address, and telephone number. And he posted the letter written in English to CoCom
CoCom
CoCom is an acronym for Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls. CoCom was established by Western bloc powers in the first five years after the end of World War II, during the Cold War, to put an arms embargo on COMECON countries.CoCom ceased to function on March 31, 1994, and the...
headquarters in Paris
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
, France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
in December, 1985. Because he worried about the assassination to him, he recorded in detail the event which he knew on work with the Soviet Union
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
during summer from spring of 1986, and handed his friend the copy of this record. If he had an accident to him, he asked his friend to pass the record to the address written on the letter.
ComCom and Japan
The CoComCoCom
CoCom is an acronym for Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls. CoCom was established by Western bloc powers in the first five years after the end of World War II, during the Cold War, to put an arms embargo on COMECON countries.CoCom ceased to function on March 31, 1994, and the...
agreement corresponded to the Foreign Exchange and Foreign Trade Control Law in Japan
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
. CoCom
CoCom
CoCom is an acronym for Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls. CoCom was established by Western bloc powers in the first five years after the end of World War II, during the Cold War, to put an arms embargo on COMECON countries.CoCom ceased to function on March 31, 1994, and the...
showed the government of Japan
Government of Japan
The government of Japan is a constitutional monarchy where the power of the Emperor is very limited. As a ceremonial figurehead, he is defined by the 1947 constitution as "the symbol of the state and of the unity of the people". Power is held chiefly by the Prime Minister of Japan and other elected...
the contents of whistleblowing sent by Kumagai and demanded correspondence from the government of Japan
Government of Japan
The government of Japan is a constitutional monarchy where the power of the Emperor is very limited. As a ceremonial figurehead, he is defined by the 1947 constitution as "the symbol of the state and of the unity of the people". Power is held chiefly by the Prime Minister of Japan and other elected...
in the end of December, 1985. The ministries and government offices of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japan)
Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japan)
The is a cabinet level ministry of Japan responsible for the country's foreign relations.The ministry is due to the second term of the third article of the National Government Organization Act , and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Establishment Act establishes the ministry...
, the Ministry of International Trade and Industry
Ministry of International Trade and Industry
The Ministry of International Trade and Industry was one of the most powerful agencies of the Government of Japan. At the height of its influence, it effectively ran much of Japanese industrial policy, funding research and directing investment...
, the Ministry of the Treasury, the National Police Agency (Japan)
National Police Agency (Japan)
The is an agency administered by the National Public Safety Commission of the Cabinet Office in the cabinet of Japan, and is the central coordinating agency of the Japanese police system....
, and the Ministry of Defense (Japan), etc. related to this affair in Japan
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
held the meeting in January, 1986. However, moreover, they did not make it an incident. After that, the government of Japan
Government of Japan
The government of Japan is a constitutional monarchy where the power of the Emperor is very limited. As a ceremonial figurehead, he is defined by the 1947 constitution as "the symbol of the state and of the unity of the people". Power is held chiefly by the Prime Minister of Japan and other elected...
, Itochu
ITOCHU
, until 1992 "C. Itoh" in English, is a Japanese general trading concern based in Umeda, Kita-ku, Osaka and Aoyama, Minato, Tokyo. It has a common origin with Marubeni Corporation. Itochu is a Fortune 500 company.-History:...
, Toshiba
Toshiba
is a multinational electronics and electrical equipment corporation headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. It is a diversified manufacturer and marketer of electrical products, spanning information & communications equipment and systems, Internet-based solutions and services, electronic components and...
, and the associated companies refused his whistleblowing as if they became one organization till 1987. He went also to the Embassy of the United States in Tokyo
Embassy of the United States in Tokyo
The Embassy of the United States in Tokyo represents the United States to Japan. Along with consulates general in Osaka, Nagoya, Sapporo, Fukuoka, and Naha, the embassy provides assistance to American citizens and issues visas to foreign nationals who wish to visit or immigrate to the United...
, Japan
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
and blew the whistle by the summer of 1986. The federal government of the United States
Federal government of the United States
The federal government of the United States is the national government of the constitutional republic of fifty states that is the United States of America. The federal government comprises three distinct branches of government: a legislative, an executive and a judiciary. These branches and...
did the same cross-examination about this affair to the government of Japan
Government of Japan
The government of Japan is a constitutional monarchy where the power of the Emperor is very limited. As a ceremonial figurehead, he is defined by the 1947 constitution as "the symbol of the state and of the unity of the people". Power is held chiefly by the Prime Minister of Japan and other elected...
40 times by 1987. But the government of Japan
Government of Japan
The government of Japan is a constitutional monarchy where the power of the Emperor is very limited. As a ceremonial figurehead, he is defined by the 1947 constitution as "the symbol of the state and of the unity of the people". Power is held chiefly by the Prime Minister of Japan and other elected...
did not tell the federal government of the United States
Federal government of the United States
The federal government of the United States is the national government of the constitutional republic of fifty states that is the United States of America. The federal government comprises three distinct branches of government: a legislative, an executive and a judiciary. These branches and...
the truth. He was cornered mentally. Therefore, although he answered the telephone call in English in his house several times in December, 1986, he had refused them.
Disclosure
The official discussion of CoComCoCom
CoCom is an acronym for Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls. CoCom was established by Western bloc powers in the first five years after the end of World War II, during the Cold War, to put an arms embargo on COMECON countries.CoCom ceased to function on March 31, 1994, and the...
was held in January 26, 27, 1987. The United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
inquired Norway
Norway
Norway , officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic unitary constitutional monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Jan Mayen, and the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard and Bouvet Island. Norway has a total area of and a population of about 4.9 million...
and Japan
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
about the machine tool of nine axes at this meeting. As a result, because Norway
Norway
Norway , officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic unitary constitutional monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Jan Mayen, and the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard and Bouvet Island. Norway has a total area of and a population of about 4.9 million...
investigated the fact and clarified the incident, the lie of Japan
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
became clear at last so that Japan
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
followed after the criminal investigation of Norway
Norway
Norway , officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic unitary constitutional monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Jan Mayen, and the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard and Bouvet Island. Norway has a total area of and a population of about 4.9 million...
. Kumagai had not received a reply from the government of Japan
Government of Japan
The government of Japan is a constitutional monarchy where the power of the Emperor is very limited. As a ceremonial figurehead, he is defined by the 1947 constitution as "the symbol of the state and of the unity of the people". Power is held chiefly by the Prime Minister of Japan and other elected...
at all from December, 1985 to April, 1987. He received the telephone call for the first time from and was summoned from the government of Japan
Government of Japan
The government of Japan is a constitutional monarchy where the power of the Emperor is very limited. As a ceremonial figurehead, he is defined by the 1947 constitution as "the symbol of the state and of the unity of the people". Power is held chiefly by the Prime Minister of Japan and other elected...
on April 27, 1987. The news in Japan
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
of the incident of the machine tool of nine axes was carried out for the first time on April 30, 1987. However, the prescription of three years of the illegal export of the machine tool of nine axes had already expired. The police report of him was sent to the prosecutor on May 28, 1987. The news in Japan
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
of the incident of the machine tool of five axes was carried out for the first time on June 18, 1987. However, the prescription of three years of the illegal export of the machine tool of five axes had already expired. Because the government of Japan
Government of Japan
The government of Japan is a constitutional monarchy where the power of the Emperor is very limited. As a ceremonial figurehead, he is defined by the 1947 constitution as "the symbol of the state and of the unity of the people". Power is held chiefly by the Prime Minister of Japan and other elected...
knew the details of the incident in the end of December, 1985, the government of Japan
Government of Japan
The government of Japan is a constitutional monarchy where the power of the Emperor is very limited. As a ceremonial figurehead, he is defined by the 1947 constitution as "the symbol of the state and of the unity of the people". Power is held chiefly by the Prime Minister of Japan and other elected...
ran out of the prescription intentionally. He conferred with William C. Triplett, a former CIA analyst, in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japan)
Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japan)
The is a cabinet level ministry of Japan responsible for the country's foreign relations.The ministry is due to the second term of the third article of the National Government Organization Act , and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Establishment Act establishes the ministry...
in July, 1987. Triplett asked him for the testimony in United States congressional hearing. However, he refused it. He also feared the retaliation of the KGB
KGB
The KGB was the commonly used acronym for the . It was the national security agency of the Soviet Union from 1954 until 1991, and was the premier internal security, intelligence, and secret police organization during that time.The State Security Agency of the Republic of Belarus currently uses the...
. Instead, he made his testimony a book on January 30, 1988.
Mosukuwa yo, saraba: Kokomu ihan jiken no haikei
モスクワよ、さらば―ココム違反事件の背景Good-bye, Moscow: The background of the Toshiba-Kongsberg scandal
| Contents | Comments |
| 1. 事件の発端 The beginning of the incident |
Refer to Contract and Illegal exporting. |
| 2. 水の都レニングラード The capital of the water Leningrad |
Refer to Delivery. |
| 3. 和光交易との決別 Parting with Wako Koeki |
Refer to Dismissal and Whistleblowing. |
| 4. KGBの役割 The role of the KGB |
Because Kumagai feared the retaliation, he described only generalities. Refer to KGB. A bribe and a written apology are explained. These were considered to be the means to threaten the foreigners later, and the foreigner was considered to be the agent of the KGB. The flow of the profit which occurred. An international marriage and the KGB. The establishment of the dummy of the Soviet Union. A prostitute and a foreigner. |
| 5. 対ソ貿易の実態 The actual suituation of the trade for the Soviet Union |
Refer to All the Soviet Union trade public corporations. This public corporation was strong on the position, and could acquire almost all the information of the country from a foreign company. As a result, the Soviet did not need to do espionage in the other countries. The visa was important for a foreigner in the Soviet Union. This public corporation could release the duties such as the application and the contents change, etc. of the visa. Surveillance to the foreigners. |
| 6. ザ・デイ・アフター The day after |
Refer to Disclosure. |
| Afterword | The easy comment of Kumagai. |
Illegal exporting
How to pass through the CoComCoCom
CoCom is an acronym for Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls. CoCom was established by Western bloc powers in the first five years after the end of World War II, during the Cold War, to put an arms embargo on COMECON countries.CoCom ceased to function on March 31, 1994, and the...
regulations and the Export Trade Control Ordinance, and to export the strategic goods to the Comecon
Comecon
The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance , 1949–1991, was an economic organisation under hegemony of Soviet Union comprising the countries of the Eastern Bloc along with a number of communist states elsewhere in the world...
coutries of the Soviet Union
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
, etc.. They were the typical means used in the industry of the Soviet Union
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
trade, and were classified in eight patterns basically.
Methods
- Back contract and Side letter
- The office worker made the performance which was not regulated the performance of the regulation product which he was going to export to the Soviet UnionSoviet UnionThe Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
, officially contracted with the Soviet UnionSoviet UnionThe Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
, and exported this regulation product to the Soviet UnionSoviet UnionThe Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
. Therefore, the office worker concluded two contracts of the front contract and the back contract with the Soviet UnionSoviet UnionThe Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
, showed the government, etc. only the front contract, and used the back contract for the Soviet UnionSoviet UnionThe Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
. The side letter was a letter of the back contract and was submitted to the Soviet UnionSoviet UnionThe Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
.- Masking
- The office worker put the covers which did not conflict with the regulation on the regulation product that he was going to export. These covers were the exteriors of the power supply panels, etc. which were unrelated to the regulation products. When these covers switched on a power supply, they operated for the time being.
- Hand carry
- The passenger to the Soviet UnionSoviet UnionThe Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
carried in the regulation products as baggage. When this passenger used an airplane, he did not received a custom inspection at an airport. It was easy to carry out a small high-tech product to the foreign country. The considerable number of regulation product flowed into the Soviet UnionSoviet UnionThe Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
by this route. This passenger could export even a large machine if he dismantled a machine as small as possible.- Delivery in the Soviet Union Representative
- The office worker carried in and sold the regulation products to the Soviet Union Trade Representative in JapanJapanJapan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
.- Breakdown
- The office worker divided the regulation product that he was going to export to the Soviet UnionSoviet UnionThe Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
into the unit which was easy to clear customs, contracted separately, loaded in several steps, and assembled these units at the spot in the Soviet UnionSoviet UnionThe Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
.- Third nation way
- The office worker delivered the regulation products for the Soviet UnionSoviet UnionThe Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
via the CoComCoComCoCom is an acronym for Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls. CoCom was established by Western bloc powers in the first five years after the end of World War II, during the Cold War, to put an arms embargo on COMECON countries.CoCom ceased to function on March 31, 1994, and the...
nonmember nations.- Local customs entry
- The office worker avoided the Yokohama Customs House and the Kobe Customs House in JapanJapanJapan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
, carried into the local customs house of the Niigata Customs House in JapanJapanJapan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
, etc. and cleared the regulation products throuh customs. Shipping services had been navigated for NakhodkaNakhodkaNakhodka is a port city in Primorsky Krai, Russia, situated on the Trudny Peninsula jutting into the Nakhodka Bay of the Sea of Japan, about east of Vladivostok...
, the Soviet UnionSoviet UnionThe Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
from NiigataNiigatais a name of a place of Japan and the Chubu region.Niigata may refer to:* Niigata - a city in Japan and the capital of Niigata Prefecture* Niigata Prefecture - prefecture in Japan* Albirex Niigata - the city's professional football club...
, JapanJapanJapan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
, and the inspection of export cargo had been received. Because the inspection was also comparatively easy in the local customs, the office worker was also easy to gloss over the technical explanation for the local customs. When the regulation product was not the heavy product such as a machine tool, the office worker demanded the business trip customs clearance to the bonded warehouse to a handling trader of the air cargo for it as an air cargo. Because the business trip customs clearance of the air cargo for the Soviet UnionSoviet UnionThe Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
was only form first and did not have an unpacking inspection, either, it was a safe method.- Moscow trade fair display
- Refer to Foreign technical cooperation public corporation.
KGB
The KGBKGB
The KGB was the commonly used acronym for the . It was the national security agency of the Soviet Union from 1954 until 1991, and was the premier internal security, intelligence, and secret police organization during that time.The State Security Agency of the Republic of Belarus currently uses the...
agents maneuvered the uptake of the foreigners. The KGB
KGB
The KGB was the commonly used acronym for the . It was the national security agency of the Soviet Union from 1954 until 1991, and was the premier internal security, intelligence, and secret police organization during that time.The State Security Agency of the Republic of Belarus currently uses the...
agents in this case were exclusive workers and were appointed in the organization and the building, etc. which the foreigners were concerned with. The formal status was an ordinary status.
Agents
- Vyacheslav Sedov
- He had worked as the representative of Technical machine import public corporation in the Soviet Union Trade Representative in JapanJapanJapan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
from 1964 to 1966. After that, he had worked as the vice-president of Technical machine import public corporation till 1978. He had worked as the president in the Soviet Union Trade Representative in East GermanyGermanyGermany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
from 1979. He had worked as the vice-president of Foreign technical cooperation public corporation in the Soviet UnionSoviet UnionThe Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
from 1981.- Anatoliy Maximoff
- He was an assistant to Sedov.
- Igor Osipov
- He had worked in the Soviet Union Trade Representative in West GermanyGermanyGermany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
from 1963 to 1966. He became the vice-president of Technical machine import public corporation from 1979. He ordered four sets of machine tools of nine axes from JapanJapanJapan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
.- Anatoliy Troitsky
- He had worked in the Soviet Union Trade Representation in the United KingdomUnited KingdomThe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
from 1968 to 1971. He was deported for the espionage charge from the United KingdomUnited KingdomThe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
in 1971. He had worked in Chemical article import public corporation after the homecoming. He had worked in Technical machine import public corporation from 1978. He became the vice-president of Industrial machine import public corporation from 1983. He ordered four sets of machine tools of five axes from JapanJapanJapan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
.- Dozmorov
- First name ?, Middle name ?, Career ?
- Eduardovich
- First name ?, Surname ?, Career ?
All the Soviet Union trade public corporations
The trade of the Soviet UnionSoviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
was managed by all the Soviet Union trade public corporations been independent according to the merchandise department. This public corporation treated the trade of a certain product monopolistically. Products of the arms industry were imported mainly.
Public corporations
- Technical industrial machine import public corporation
- It traded with all the machines at the beginning.
- Technical machine import public corporation
- It separated from Technical industrial machine import public corporation. It traded with chemical related apparatus, etc.. It imported four sets of machine tools of nine axes from JapanJapanJapan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
.- Industrial machine import public corporation
- It separated from Technical machine import public corporation. It traded with the paper manufacture and pulp related facility etc.. It imported four sets of machine tools of five axes from JapanJapanJapan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
.- Foreign technical cooperation public corporation
- It did the performance test of, evaluated, and introduced the foreign regulation prodauction exhibited in the trade fair in MoscowMoscowMoscow is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, scientific, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the continent...
, the Soviet UnionSoviet UnionThe Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
, and planned import promotion. However, these were not the only facts. It lent to the research institute in the Soviet UnionSoviet UnionThe Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
, let an expert of the Soviet UnionSoviet UnionThe Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
dismantle and analyze thoroughly these regulation products for a fixed, studied the secret of the high technology exhaustively, and carried out as the one method of the high-tech acquisition.- Machine tool import public corporation
- It often traded with ItochuITOCHU, until 1992 "C. Itoh" in English, is a Japanese general trading concern based in Umeda, Kita-ku, Osaka and Aoyama, Minato, Tokyo. It has a common origin with Marubeni Corporation. Itochu is a Fortune 500 company.-History:...
.- Apparatus import public corporation
- License import public corporation
- Chemical article import public corporation
Works
| Year | Japanese Title | English Title | Comments | ISBN |
| 1988/1 | モスクワよ、さらば―ココム違反事件の背景 Mosukuwa yo, saraba: Kokomu ihan jiken no haikei |
Nonfiction, Whistleblowing sentence | ||
| 1993/11 | 最後の逃亡者 Saigo no tobosha |
Fiction, Hardcover | ||
| 1995/10 | 秘境からの脅迫者 Hikyo kara no kyohakusya |
Fiction | ||
| 1997/1 | 最後の逃亡者 Saigo no tobosha |
Fiction, Paperback | ||
| 1997/7 | エルミタージュの鼠 Erumitaju no nezumi |
Fiction | ||
| 2000/8 | 尾道少年物語 Oomichi syonen monokatari |
Fiction | ||
| 2002/7 | ロシア黙示録 Roshia mokushiroku |
Fiction | ||