Gajendra Thakur
Encyclopedia
Gajendra Thakur (गजेन्द्र ठाकुर; গজেন্দ্র ঠাকুর; ગજેન્દ્ર ઠાકુર; ଗଜେନ୍ଦ୍ର ଠାକୁର; ਗਜੇਨ੍ਦ੍ਰ ਠਾਕੁਰ; గజేన్ద్ర ఠాకుర; கஜேந்த்ர டாகுர; ಗಜೇನ್ದ್ರ ಠಾಕುರ; ഗജേന്ദ്ര ഠാകുര) is an India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...

n author. He writes in the Maithili language
Maithili language
Maithili language is spoken in the eastern region of India and South-eastern region of Nepal. The native speakers of Maithili reside in Bihar, Jharkhand,parts of West Bengal and South-east Nepal...

, a language spoken in Northern Bihar (of India) and South-Western Nepal
Nepal
Nepal , officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, is a landlocked sovereign state located in South Asia. It is located in the Himalayas and bordered to the north by the People's Republic of China, and to the south, east, and west by the Republic of India...

. He is an author, lexicographer, historian (of Mithila
Mithila
Mithila was a city in Ancient India, the capital of the Videha Kingdom. The name Mithila is also commonly used to refer to the Videha Kingdom itself, as well as to the modern-day territories that fall within the ancient boundaries of Videha...

- ancient Videha and of Maithili); and he has deciphered ancient palm leaf inscriptions in Maithili Language (Mithilakshar
Mithilakshar
Tirhuta or Mithilakshar is the script traditionally used for the Maithili language, an Indo-European language spoken in the Indian state of Bihar, Jharkhand, parts of West Bengal and eastern Nepal...

 script).
these, panjis
Panjis
Panjis or Panji Prabandh are extensive genealogical records maintained among Maithil Brahmins, Karna Kayasthas of Mithila region of north Bihar, India, similat to the Hindu genealogy registers at Haridwar.-History:...

. These are genealogical records of Maithil Brahmin
Maithil Brahmin
Maithil Brahmins form part of ancient Vedic Brahmins. Maithil s are a part of Panch-gauda , a group of highest-ranking castes among Brahmin, who still strive to follow rites and rituals according to ancient Hindu canons. Maithil Brahmin is a community of highly cohesive, and traditional Brahmins...

 community of Mithila region (presently North Bihar, India; and South-West Nepal) and contain details of around 100 inter-caste marriages. Besides it provides written historical records of peoples and personalities, hitherto considered mythical ones.

He has also compiled an English-Maithili Computer Dictionary (Shruti Publication, Delhi 2009 with a preface by Prof. Udaya Narayana singh, the then Director of Central Institute of Indian Languages, Mysore, India). He has helped in preparing Unicode application for Mithilakshar (Tirhuta) script. His Kurukshetram Antarmanak(Shruti Publication, Delhi 2009 with a preface by Prof. Udaya Narayana singh, the then Director of Central Institute of Indian Languages, Mysore, India) (in seven volumes) and Videha (in Eighty One volumes) changed the literary scene "in every branch" of Maithili. His Maithili-English dictionary
(Shruti Publication, Delhi 2009 with a preface by Prof. Udaya Narayana singh, the then Director of Central Institute of Indian Languages, Mysore, India)is the largest collection of Maithili words. His English-Maithili Dictionary is the only such dictionary available in Maithili.

Early life

Gajendra Thakur (birth 30th March 1971, Bhagalpur
Bhagalpur
Bhagdattpuram was one of the most influential towns in "Aryavarta" . It is supposed to have been concurrent to Patliputra or Patna. Bhagdattpuram finds its mention in the Vedas and Ramayana as well. It is supposed to be the kingdom of Daanvir Karna, the son of Kunti and the Sun God...

, Bihar
Bihar
Bihar is a state in eastern India. It is the 12th largest state in terms of geographical size at and 3rd largest by population. Almost 58% of Biharis are below the age of 25, which is the highest proportion in India....

, India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...

) is basically from Mehath Village {of Jhanjharpur
Jhanjharpur
Jhanjharpur is a town and head-quarters of a sub-division in the Madhubani district of the state of Bihar, India.Over - viewJhanjharpur is located in the foothills of the Himalayas, on the bank of the Kamala River...

 Block, Madhubani
Madhubani
Madhubani is a town and a municipality in Madhubani district in the Indian state of Bihar. It is the district headquarters. It lies 26 km northeast of Darbhanga town and was part of the erstwhile 'Bettiah Raj'. Internal disputes and family quarrels divided the Bettiah Raj in course of time....

 District, Bihar (India)}. His father, Late Kripanand Thakur, was a Civil Engineer and Mother, Smt. Lakshmi Thakur, a housewife. Gajendra Thakur got his primary education from his village school. Later he moved from town to town as his father was in a transferable job. He suffered a major accident in 2000 AD and remained on crutches for almost one and a half years. This time period he used in the pursuit of his interest in ancient scripts inscribed on palm leaves. He toured far and wide; and read and deciphered scripts inscribed on temples/ dilapidated buildings throughout the leangth and breadth of Mithila. His stories and poems deal with the problems of native and migrant Maithil
Maithil
Maithil properly means the native speaker of Maithili language, and includes all the natives of Mithila. They are natives of some districts south of the Ganges near Bhagalpur and Monghyr, most of North Bihar and adojining Terai of Nepal. All castes living in Mithila and speaking Maithili are Maithils...

s of Mithila.

Literary activity

After completing his education (he studied Physics
Physics
Physics is a natural science that involves the study of matter and its motion through spacetime, along with related concepts such as energy and force. More broadly, it is the general analysis of nature, conducted in order to understand how the universe behaves.Physics is one of the oldest academic...

, Chemistry
Chemistry
Chemistry is the science of matter, especially its chemical reactions, but also its composition, structure and properties. Chemistry is concerned with atoms and their interactions with other atoms, and particularly with the properties of chemical bonds....

, Mathematics
Mathematics
Mathematics is the study of quantity, space, structure, and change. Mathematicians seek out patterns and formulate new conjectures. Mathematicians resolve the truth or falsity of conjectures by mathematical proofs, which are arguments sufficient to convince other mathematicians of their validity...

, Philosophy
Philosophy
Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental problems, such as those connected with existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. Philosophy is distinguished from other ways of addressing such problems by its critical, generally systematic approach and its reliance on rational...

, History
History
History is the discovery, collection, organization, and presentation of information about past events. History can also mean the period of time after writing was invented. Scholars who write about history are called historians...

, English
English language
English is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into what was to become south-east Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria...

, Studies in Labour vis-a-vis Capitalism and Social Welfare (called Labour in Development
Development
-Land use:*Green development, a concept that includes consideration of community-wide or regional environmental implications*Land development, altering the landscape in any number of ways...

 ); and Computer Science (called Computing
Computing
Computing is usually defined as the activity of using and improving computer hardware and software. It is the computer-specific part of information technology...

); and he did a Master in Business Administration with specialization in finance
Finance
"Finance" is often defined simply as the management of money or “funds” management Modern finance, however, is a family of business activity that includes the origination, marketing, and management of cash and money surrogates through a variety of capital accounts, instruments, and markets created...

) he wrote KuruKshetram Antarmanak - a work in Maithili Language -in seven volumes (Vol.I- Literary Criticism
Literary criticism
Literary criticism is the study, evaluation, and interpretation of literature. Modern literary criticism is often informed by literary theory, which is the philosophical discussion of its methods and goals...

, Vol. II- a Novel
Novel
A novel is a book of long narrative in literary prose. The genre has historical roots both in the fields of the medieval and early modern romance and in the tradition of the novella. The latter supplied the present generic term in the late 18th century....

- Sahasrabadhani- translated into English by the name The Comet, Vol.III Poetry
Poetry
Poetry is a form of literary art in which language is used for its aesthetic and evocative qualities in addition to, or in lieu of, its apparent meaning...

 collection- Sahasrabdik Chaupar Par, Vol.IV- Short Story
Short Story
Short Story is a piece for violin and piano composed by George Gershwin in 1927.Gershwin composed the duet from two other short works that premiered at the same time as his Three Preludes. He combined a section of the "Novelette in Fourths" and another slower work to create this piece....

 Collection- Galp Guchh, Vol.V- Play
Play (theatre)
A play is a form of literature written by a playwright, usually consisting of scripted dialogue between characters, intended for theatrical performance rather than just reading. There are rare dramatists, notably George Bernard Shaw, who have had little preference whether their plays were performed...

- Sankarshan, Vol.VI- two long epic
Epic (genre)
An epic is traditionally a genre of poetry, known as epic poetry. However in modern terms, epic is often extended to other art forms, such as novels, plays, films, and video games where the story is centered on heroic characters, and the action takes place on a grand scale, just as in epic poetry...

-verses (geet prabandh) tvanchahanch and Asanjati Man, Vol-VII- Children's literature
Children's literature
Children's literature is for readers and listeners up to about age twelve; it is often defined in four different ways: books written by children, books written for children, books chosen by children, or books chosen for children. It is often illustrated. The term is used in senses which sometimes...

- grown-ups literature- Balmandali-Kishor Jagat). Thereafter his transcribed 11000 palm-leaf inscriptions were published in a single volume with an explanatory introduction as “Genome Mapping -450 AD sa 2009 AD- Mithilak Panjis
Panjis
Panjis or Panji Prabandh are extensive genealogical records maintained among Maithil Brahmins, Karna Kayasthas of Mithila region of north Bihar, India, similat to the Hindu genealogy registers at Haridwar.-History:...

 Prabandh”. He also compiled “Maithili-English Dictionary” and “English Maithili Dictionary”. The English-Maithili Dictionary was particularly notable as it included computer terminology, so far unavailable in any other dictionary.

He is editor of Videha- First Maithili Fortnightly e journal ISSN 2229-547X (which has e-published 90 issues till date and these are also available in print in 4 volumes). Videha is being considered doing a pioneer service in disseminating Maithili Language consciousness among the masses. Till recently ,before the arrival of Videha, Maithili was considered only as a legacy of two castes of Mithila, Maithil Brahmins and that of Karna Kayastha
Kayastha
Kayastha or Kayasth or Kayeth is a caste or community of Hindus originating in India. Kayastha means "scribe" in Sanskrit, and has traditionally denoted members of the writer caste....

. Videha started Maithili Language
Language
Language may refer either to the specifically human capacity for acquiring and using complex systems of communication, or to a specific instance of such a system of complex communication...

 Movement, which is going far and deep inside the ethos
Ethos
Ethos is a Greek word meaning "character" that is used to describe the guiding beliefs or ideals that characterize a community, nation, or ideology. The Greeks also used this word to refer to the power of music to influence its hearer's emotions, behaviors, and even morals. Early Greek stories of...

 of the masses of Mithila.

Traditional Mithilakshar
Mithilakshar
Tirhuta or Mithilakshar is the script traditionally used for the Maithili language, an Indo-European language spoken in the Indian state of Bihar, Jharkhand, parts of West Bengal and eastern Nepal...

 ,i.e., Tirhuta Script of Maithili language
Maithili language
Maithili language is spoken in the eastern region of India and South-eastern region of Nepal. The native speakers of Maithili reside in Bihar, Jharkhand,parts of West Bengal and South-east Nepal...

: He was pioneer in standardization of Mithilakshar script. The Unicode encoding applicant (now the ISO has approved encoding of Tirhuta as Unicode) has acknowledged his contribution. (ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 N3765; L2/09-329; 2009-09-30Towards an Encoding for the Maithili Script in ISO/IEC 10646; Anshuman Pandey; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A.; 30 September 2009); and has included in the references as well. "

He has also translated from Maithili into English. He has translated poems and stories into Maithili from Kannada (Of Ashok Hegde), Telugu (of N.Aruna,Sheikh Muhammad Sharif, Annavaran Devender), Oriya (of Basudev Sunani, Bharat Majhi) and Gujarati (of Babu Suthar, Ajay Sarvaiyya, Rajendra Patel, Hemang Ashwin Kumar Desai) through English.

He is member of Maithili Lekhak Sangh (the organisation of authors of Maithili). This organisation is making strides towards villages and district headquarters and has shown its presence on web.

Major works

Edited

English-Maithili Dictionary
Dictionary
A dictionary is a collection of words in one or more specific languages, often listed alphabetically, with usage information, definitions, etymologies, phonetics, pronunciations, and other information; or a book of words in one language with their equivalents in another, also known as a lexicon...



Maithili-English Dictionary

Genome Mapping- 450 AD to 2009 AD- Mithilak Panjis
Panjis
Panjis or Panji Prabandh are extensive genealogical records maintained among Maithil Brahmins, Karna Kayasthas of Mithila region of north Bihar, India, similat to the Hindu genealogy registers at Haridwar.-History:...

 Prabandh: (11000 palm leaf manuscripts containing genealogical records)

Videha:sadeha:1 Devanagari

Videha:Sadeha:1: Tirhuta

Videha:Sadeha:3: Videha Prabandh-Nibandh-Samalochna

Videha:Sadeha:4: Videha Katha

Videha:Sadeha:5: Videha Padya

Braille Maithili: (his novel Sahasrabadhani- Ist Maithili book in Braille
Braille
The Braille system is a method that is widely used by blind people to read and write, and was the first digital form of writing.Braille was devised in 1825 by Louis Braille, a blind Frenchman. Each Braille character, or cell, is made up of six dot positions, arranged in a rectangle containing two...

).

90 issues of Videha Ist Maithili Fortnightly e Magazine- ISSN 2229-547X

Authored

KurukShetram Antarmanak- a seven volume work in Maithili Language:-
Vol.I- Literary Criticism:
The book deals with issues diverse such as the manuscript decipherment (in respect of poet Late Ramji Chaudhary); critical appreciation of books written by Kedarnath Chaudhary, Nachiketa, Mayanand Mishra and Subhash Chandra Yadav; essays on computing, Maithili Haiku; Criticism on historical novels, plays, short-stories; research paper on maithili terminology in the area of agriculture and fishing; essays on flood related problems of Mithila; seeing Vidyapati beyond a ornamental poet; essays on computing and script with special reference to Maithili; a folk story based on field work delineating different versions of the story,essays on creative writing etc. His style of criticism is distinct as it remains based on logic and scientific principles.

Vol.II- a novel- Sahasrabadhani:- This novel is story of three generations. Jhingur, Nand and Aruni are the heroes of the corresponding generations. The novel has autobiographical connotations (Shiva Kumar Jha, 2010 On KuruKshetram Antarmanak). A braille version of this book is also available, it was the first Braille book in Maithili. The novel is of a new kind. The beginning of the novel is in descriptive style. The dialogues are short and precise, it is in consonance of life and characters.
Vol.III- Verse collection- Sahasrabdik Chaupar Par:.The Trumpet Player Of A Musical Band’s Accompaniments, The Invisible Fence Of The Colours Of My Heart, Mandakini Living In The Heaven Came To The Earth Now, The Concrete Pillar Of The Pond,A Trial To Follow The Movements Of The Fishing Rod ,The Fire Age Of Emigration To City, Abhinav Bhatkhande,The Sculptor, In the depth of my heart, The Sun And The Moon Witness,Shelter In The Rainy Days , Leaning towards the truth with own knowledge ,The story is outdated ,Dear Satanand Purhit , The Knowledge Born In Kusumpur ,A Dozen Of Haikus,The Directors ,The Death Of Own Choice, From Bed No. 32 Ward No. 29 ,Delhi is far away, In the form of Surya Namaskaar ,Recalling The Flood Of 1987 and Estranged Sleep are some of the important poems of this collection.
Vol.IV- Short-Story Collection- Galp Guchh:
collection of twenty three short-stories.The notable short stories among these is one that deal with the agony of a village dwarf who was sold to the circus people (Banavira). Other notable short stories include one dealing with a musicians struggle (Raga Vaidehi Bhairavi), another that deal with problems of migration (Pravas)and scientific fiction (Kala-Asthan Visthapan).The story "nav samant" depicts the mentality of lordship even after the end of Zamindari system. The "sarva shiksha abhiyan" delineates the practical difficulty involved in the government's program of providing universal education among the downtrodden strata of society. The "thethar manukh" deals with the morality of men viz-a-viz the birds. The short-story "vanvir" goes deep into the psychology of a dwarf who was sent to a circus.

Vol.V- Play- Sankarshan:
a five-act play.The play depicts a rustic clever village character Sankarshan, who comes to a city and find himself to be a naive person. In his village Sankarshan seems to believe that to deceive others is a kind of intelligence. But when he was deceived by those "more intelligent" people of Delhi, he comes to his senses. A folk tale from Haryana state of India is embedded in this play adding extra humour and sense to the theme. The Play has got immense appeal among the masses, as Gajendra Thakur has experience in direction and acting in Sanskrit Vithi (street) plays, it has resulted in one to one communication of the characters of the play with the viewing masses. Shri Premshankar Singh has mentioned this play as one of the best amongst the modern Maithili dramas.

Vol.VI- two long epic-verses (geet prabandh):
Tvanchahanch and Asanjati Man. Tvanchahanch oversees the great epic
Epic (genre)
An epic is traditionally a genre of poetry, known as epic poetry. However in modern terms, epic is often extended to other art forms, such as novels, plays, films, and video games where the story is centered on heroic characters, and the action takes place on a grand scale, just as in epic poetry...

 Mahabharata
Mahabharata
The Mahabharata is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India and Nepal, the other being the Ramayana. The epic is part of itihasa....

 of Vyasa
Vyasa
Vyasa is a central and revered figure in most Hindu traditions. He is also sometimes called Veda Vyasa , or Krishna Dvaipayana...

 from a modern point of view; the Asanjati Man oversees Asvaghosha's Buddhacarita
Buddhacarita
Buddhacharita is an epic poem in the Sanskrit mahakavya style on the life of Gautama Buddha by , composed in the 2nd century AD...

 in a new light.

Vol.VII- Children, grown-ups literature:
Balmandali-Kishor Jagat: (containing two plays, some stories and poems).The two plays for children included in this book are Apala Atreyi and "Danavir Dadhichi"; there are different versions of these stories in Vedas
Vedas
The Vedas are a large body of texts originating in ancient India. Composed in Vedic Sanskrit, the texts constitute the oldest layer of Sanskrit literature and the oldest scriptures of Hinduism....

, Upanishads and Puranas
Puranas
The Puranas are a genre of important Hindu, Jain and Buddhist religious texts, notably consisting of narratives of the history of the universe from creation to destruction, genealogies of kings, heroes, sages, and demigods, and descriptions of Hindu cosmology, philosophy, and geography.Puranas...

. The author has done extensive research, so that the original scientific story is played for the children. In short-story section for the childrens the author has chosen folk stories of Mithila and some legendary characters from different castes of Mithila, some of which became Dalit
Dalit
Dalit is a designation for a group of people traditionally regarded as Untouchable. Dalits are a mixed population, consisting of numerous castes from all over South Asia; they speak a variety of languages and practice a multitude of religions...

s later on.These stories have got a new lease of life. It includes one alphabet teaching lesson also. The poem section for children contains almost 100 lyrical songs. He has written this part not with his hand but through his heart(On KurukShetram Antarmanak, 2010 Shiv Kumar Jha).


Premshankar Singh and Subhash Chandra Yadava has praised his poems, stories and plays written for children.

Panjis
Panjis
Panjis or Panji Prabandh are extensive genealogical records maintained among Maithil Brahmins, Karna Kayasthas of Mithila region of north Bihar, India, similat to the Hindu genealogy registers at Haridwar.-History:...

 Prabandh- His "Genome Mapping- 450AD to 2009 AD"-He did a wonder in transcribing 11000 palm leaf inscriptions, These manuscripts are very old (the oldest say more than 500 years old), are written on palm leaves, and were in a dilapidated condition. These were digitized and were transliterated from MithilakShar to Devanagari script. The information that this transliteration provides contains details of genealogy of Maithil Brahmins; and besides has a great source of written historical information on the history of kings, writers, poets of Mithila hitherto considered as mythical. Moreover it provides a 100 tables of evidences of marriage between Brahmins and other caste-religion people, it has 100 page categorized introduction to those 900 page transliteration(Genome Mapping 450 AD sa 2009 AD, Mithilak Panji Prabandh, Shruti Publication, Delhi 2009).

English Maithili Computer Dictionary: His book has been pioneer in localization of Maithili so far as localization of Maithili in computer terminology is concerned.

Learn_International_Phonetic_Alphabet_through_Mithilakshar: The book deals with IPA with reference to Mithilakshar script.

Learn_MithilakShar: The book deals with niceties of Mithilakshar script.

Learn Braille_through_Mithilakshar: The book deals with Braille with reference to Mithilakshar script.
Braille and Maithili: He is pioneer so far introduction of Braille in Maithili is concerned, so far only his book has introduced braille in Maithili, his Novel "Sahasrabadhani" is available in Braille version.

His second novel "Sahasrashirsha" catches the imagination of thousands of readers, it is story of migration and it is story of survival for those who have not migrated; and inside the story embedded is mix of folklores, songs and cultures of almost all the caste of Mithila, hitherto dealt only superficially in the written literature, in an elegant prose.[Now the original in Maithili as well as its English translation, side by side, is available in series at Videha ejournal.

Some of his memorable short stories are Shabdashastram, Sidha Mahavir, Taskar, Vanavira etc.

Translated

His works are available in translation
Translation
Translation is the communication of the meaning of a source-language text by means of an equivalent target-language text. Whereas interpreting undoubtedly antedates writing, translation began only after the appearance of written literature; there exist partial translations of the Sumerian Epic of...

.

His works have been translated into English
English language
English is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into what was to become south-east Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria...

 by Smt Jyoti Jha Chaudhary ( 1.Maithili Novel Sahasrabadhani as "The comet" and 2.Maithili collection of poems Sahasrabdik Chaupar Par as "On the Dice-board of the Millennium") and others (Some Maithili short-stories as "The Science of Words"). His novel Sahasrabadhani has been translated into Konkani Language
Konkani language
KonkaniKonkani is a name given to a group of several cognate dialects spoken along the narrow strip of land called Konkan, on the west coast of India. This is, however, somewhat an over-generalisation. Geographically, Konkan is defined roughly as the area between the river Damanganga to the north...

 (by Seby Fernandes) , Tulu language
Tulu language
The Tulu language |?]]]) is a Dravidian language spoken by 1.95 million native speakers mainly in the southwest part of Indian state Karnataka known as Tulu Nadu. In India, 1.72 million people speak it as their mother tongue , increased by 10 percent over the 1991 census...

, Kannada (Pramila B.J. Alva), Sanskrit
Sanskrit
Sanskrit , is a historical Indo-Aryan language and the primary liturgical language of Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism.Buddhism: besides Pali, see Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Today, it is listed as one of the 22 scheduled languages of India and is an official language of the state of Uttarakhand...

 and Marathi Language
Marathi language
Marathi is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Marathi people of western and central India. It is the official language of the state of Maharashtra. There are over 68 million fluent speakers worldwide. Marathi has the fourth largest number of native speakers in India and is the fifteenth most...

. His short-story collection "Galp Guchchh" has been translated into Sanskrit. Some of his stories have been translated into Hindi
Hindi
Standard Hindi, or more precisely Modern Standard Hindi, also known as Manak Hindi , High Hindi, Nagari Hindi, and Literary Hindi, is a standardized and sanskritized register of the Hindustani language derived from the Khariboli dialect of Delhi...

by Subhash Chandra Yadav.

External links

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