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Dukes of Silesia
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In accordance with the last will and testament of Poland's Duke Boleslaw III Wrymouth, Poland was upon his death divided into 4-5 hereditary provinces distributed among his sons, and a royal province of Kraków reserved for the eldest, who was to be High Duke of all Poland. This was known as the fragmentation of Poland.
At the beginning of the 14th century 14 independent Duchies existed in Silesia: Brzeg, Wroclaw, Swidnica, Jawor, Ziebice, Glogów, Scinawa, Zagan and Olesnica in Lower Silesia; Kozle, Cieszyn, Bytom, Niemodlin, Opole, Strzelce, Racibórz and Opava in Upper Silesia and the eclessiatical duchy of Nysa.

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In accordance with the last will and testament of Poland's Duke Boleslaw III Wrymouth, Poland was upon his death divided into 4-5 hereditary provinces distributed among his sons, and a royal province of Kraków reserved for the eldest, who was to be High Duke of all Poland. This was known as the fragmentation of Poland.
At the beginning of the 14th century 14 independent Duchies existed in Silesia: Brzeg, Wroclaw, Swidnica, Jawor, Ziebice, Glogów, Scinawa, Zagan and Olesnica in Lower Silesia; Kozle, Cieszyn, Bytom, Niemodlin, Opole, Strzelce, Racibórz and Opava in Upper Silesia and the eclessiatical duchy of Nysa. Between 1327 and 1329 most dukes accepted the overlordship of Bohemian king John of Bohemia, who acquired the right of succession for all of these duchies. In the coming centuries all branches of the Silesian Piasts died out, and with the death of George William, Duke of Liegnitz the dynasty ceased to exist.
One of the hereditary provinces, Silesia, was granted to Boleslaw III's eldest son, Wladyslaw II the Exile, and was subsequently divided among his sons Boleslaus I the Long (Wroclaw/Lower Silesia), Mieszko I Tanglefoot (Racibórz/Upper Silesia) and Konrad Spindleshanks (Glogów). After Konrads death Glogów was again united with the Duchy of Wroclaw/Lower Silesia.
Duchy of Opole and Duchy of Racibórz (Upper Silesia) separated.
In 1248 Lower Silesia was divided when Boleslaw II had to cede the Duchy of Wroclaw to his younger brother Henry III:
Duchy of Wroclaw (1248-1335)
- 1248-1266 Henry III the White (Henryk III Bialy), son of Henry the Pious, jointly with his brother
- 1266/1270-1290 Henryk IV Probus, son of Henry the White
- 1290-1296 Henry V the Fat (Henryk V Brzuchaty), son of Boleslaw II the Bald
- 1296-1311 Boleslaw III the Generous, son
- 1296-1301 Bolko I Surowy (regent), son of Boleslaw II the Bald
- 1301-1302 Henry of Wiebrzno (regent), Bishop of Wroclaw
- 1302-1305 Wenceslaus II of Bohemia (regent)
- 1311-1335 Henry VI the Good (Henryk VI Dobry), brother of Boleslaw the Generous
In 1327 Henry signed a contract of inheritance with John of Bohemia and upon his death the Duchy of Wroclaw fell to the Imperial Kingdom of Bohemia.
In 1251 Konrad I, backed by his brother-in-law Duke Przemysl I of Greater Poland, successfully claimed the Duchy of Glogów
- 1278-1296 Henry V the Fat, son of Boleslaw the Bald, also Duke of Wroclaw from 1290
- 1296-1311 Boleslaw III the Generous, son, also Duke of Wroclaw, jointly with his brothers
- 1311-1312 Wladyslaw of Legnica, alone
- 1311-1342 Boleslaw III the Generous, again, alone, vassal of King John of Bohemia in 1329
- 1342-1345 Wenceslaus I, son, jointly with his brother
- 1345-1346 Louis I the Fair, alone
- 1346-1364 Wenceslaus I, again, alone
- 1364-1409 Rupert I, son, jointly with his brothers
- 1409-1413 Wenceslaus II, alone
- 1413-1436 Louis II of Brzeg, also Duke of Brzeg
line extinct, annexed by the Kingdom of Bohemia in 1449, restored as a Bohemian fief
- 1454-1488 Frederick I
- 1488-1495 John II, jointly with his brothers
- 1495-1505 Frederick II, jointly with his brother
- 1505-1547 Frederick II, alone
- 1547-1551 Frederick III, son
- 1551-1556 Henry XI, son
- 1556-1559 Frederick III, again
- 1559-1581 Henry XI, again, jointly with his brother
- 1581-1596 Frederick IV, alone
- 1596-1602 Joachim Frederick of Brieg
- 1602-1612 John Christian of Brieg, son, jointly with his brother
- 1612-1653 George Rudolf, alone
- 1653-1654 George III of Brieg, son of John Christian, jointly with his brothers
- 1653-1654 Louis IV
- 1653-1654 Christian, Duke of Brieg
- 1654-1663 Louis IV, alone
- 1663-1664 George III of Brieg, again, jointly with his brother
- 1663-1664 Christian, Duke of Brieg
- 1664-1672 Christian, Duke of Brieg, alone
- 1672-1675 George William, son, last Piast duke
fell back to Bohemia, then a possession of the House of Habsburg
ceded the Duchy of Scinawa to his brother Konrad II the Hunchback and the Duchy of Zagan to his brother Przemko
Upon his death, the duchy was annexed by the Kingdom of Bohemia, divided in 1349 and one half restored to Henry V of Iron, Duke of Zagan, son of Henry IV the Faithful; in 1361 the other half went to Bolko II the Small, the last Duke of Swidnica and finally to the Bohemian crown in 1368
again acquired by Henry III, Duke of Glogów
Duchy divided, one half restored to Henry V of Iron, Duke of Zagan, other half to Duke Bolko II the Small of Swidnica and finally to the Bohemian crown in 1368
Duchy of Zagan (1278-1935)
again inherited by Glogów
- 1304-1309 Henry III, Duke of Silesia-Glogau
- 1309-1317 Henry IV the Faithful, son, jointly with his brothers
- 1317-1342 Henry IV the Faithful
- 1342-1369 Henry V of Iron
- 1369-1393 Henry VI the Older, son, jointly with his brothers
- 1403-1439 Jan I
- 1439-1461 Balthasar
- 1461-1467 Jan II the Mad
- 1467-1472 Balthasar, again
- 1472 Jan II the Mad, again, sold it to Duke Albert the Bold of Saxony
- 1549-1564 Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor
- 1627-1634 Albrecht von Wallenstein
- 1634-1646 Crown of Bohemia
- 1646-1677 Václav Eusebius Lobkowicz
- 1677-1715 Ferdynand August Leopold Lobkowicz
- 1715-1734 Filip Hiacynt von Lobkowicz
- 1734-1739 Václav Ferdinand Karel von Lobkowicz
- 1734-1784 Ferdinand Filip Jozef von Lobkowicz
- 1784-1785 Józef Franciszek Maximilian von Lobkowicz
- 1785 Frederik Ludwig Hohenlohe
- 1786-1800 Peter von Biron, also Duke of Courland
- 1800-1839 Wilhelmine von Sagan
- 1839-1845 Pauline von Biron
- 1845-1862 Dorothea von Biron
- 1861-1898 Ludwig Napoleon de Talleyrand-Périgord
- 1898-1906 Boson I de Talleyrand-Périgord
- 1906-1910 Hélie de Talleyrand-Périgord
- 1910-1929 Howard Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord
- 1929-1935 Boson II de Talleyrand-Périgord Valencay
- 1935 confiscated by Third Reich
- 1542-1548 Henry II of Ziebice
- 1548-1574 Henry III, son
- George II of Brieg of Liegnitz-Brieg-Wohlau 1523-1586
Duchy of Korzuchów
1309-1320/1 — Boleslaw of Olesnica
1309-1366 — Konrad I of Olesnica
1492 Duchy of Olesnica falls to Bohemia.
Duchies of Upper Silesia
Upper Silesia was divided into the Duchies of Cieszyn, Opole and Racibórz. In 1340 the Duchy of Racibórz was united with Opava, a Bohemian fief.
- 1163-1173 Boleslaus the Long (Boleslaw Wysoki)
- 1173-1201 Jaroslaw Opolski
- 1201-1202 Henry the Bearded (Henryk I Brodaty)
- 1202-1211 Mieszko I Platonogi (Mieszko I Platonogi)
- 1211-1230 Kasimir I (Kazimierz I)
- 1230-1246 Mieszko II the Fat (Mieszko II Otyly)
- 1246-1281 Ladislaus I (Wladyslaw I)
- 1281-1313 Bolko I (Bolko I)
- 1313-1316 Boleslaus, Bolko II and Albert (Boleslaw, Bolko II, Albert)
- 1316-1356 Bolko II (Bolko II)
- 1356-1367 Ladislaus II and Bolko III (Wladyslaw II and Bolko III)
- 1367-1401 Ladislaus II (Wladyslaw)
- 1401-1437 Bolko IV (Bolko IV)
- 1437-1439 Nicholas I and John I (Mikolaj I, Jan I)
- 1439-1476 Nicholas I (Mikolaj I)
- 1476-1497 John II the Good and Nicholas II (Jan II Dobry, Mikolaj II)
- 1497-1532 John II the Good (Jan II Dobry)
- 1532-1543 possession of Brandenburg
- 1543-1549 George Frederic of Brandenburg (Jerzy Fryderyk Brandenburski)
- 1549-1551 Ferdinand of Austria (Ferdynand Austriacki)
- 1551-1556 Isabelle and Sigismund Zapolya (Izabela and Zygmunt Zapolya)
- 1556-1558 George Frederic of Brandenburg (Jerzy Fryderyk Brandenburski)
- from 1558 possession of the Habsburgs of as kings of Bohemia, sometimes governed by dukes from other dynasties
- 1597-1598 Sigismund Bathory (Zygmunt Batory) - nephew of Polish king
- 1622-1625 Gabriel Bethlen (Gabriel Bethlen)
- 1645-1648 Ladislaus IV Vasa (Wladyslaw IV Waza) - king of Poland-Lithuania
- 1648-1655 Charles Ferdinand Vasa (Karol Ferdynand Waza)
- 1655-1666 John II Casimir Vasa (Jan Kazimierz Waza) - king of Poland-Lithuania
- 1666-1742 possession of the House of Habsburg as kings of Bohemia
Duchy of Gliwice
Duchy of Karniów
Established in 1290 by High Duke Henry IV Probus, held by the Bishops of Wroclaw
Major part annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia after the First Silesian War in 1742.
Prussian part secularised in 1810.
- 1823-1832 Emanuel von Schimonsky
- 1835-1840 Leopold von Sedlnitzky
- 1843-1844 Joseph Knauer
- 1845-1850 Melchior von Diepenbrock
Theocracy abolished in 1850.
Split off from Moravia.
- 1269-1308 Premysl Nicholas I, son of Ottokar II of Bohemia
- 1308-1311 Boleslaw III the Generous, Duke of Legnica and Wroclaw
- 1311-1318 John of Bohemia
- 1318-1365 Nicholas II, son of Nicholas I, also Duke of Racibórz from 1336
- 1365-1377 Jan I of Racibórz, son of Nicholas II, jointly with his brothers
- 1365-1377 Nicholas III
- 1365-1381 Wenceslaus I
- 1365-1433 Przemko I
- 1433-1449 Wenceslaus II, son of Przemko I, jointly with his brothers
- 1433-1437 Nicholas IV
- 1433-1452 William
- 1433-1456 Ernest
- 1433-1456 Przemko II
- 1456-1471 George of Podebrady, King of Bohemia from 1458
- 1472-1485 Viktorin of Podebrady, son of George
- 1485-1490 Matthias Corvinus of Hungary, (Anti-)King of Bohemia from 1469
- 1490-1495 János Corvinus, son of Matthias
- 1495-1506 Vladislaus Jagiellon, King of Bohemia from 1471
- 1506-1528 Casimir II, Duke of Teschen
Fell to Ferdinand I of Habsburg along with the Bohemian Crown. In 1614 Matthias of Habsburg invested Prince Karl I of Liechtenstein with Troppau, whose successors bear the ducal title ever since.
Duchy of Teschen (Cieszyn)
Up to 1290 Cieszyn belonged to the Duchy of Racibórz
- 1290-1315 Mieszko
- 1315-1358 Kazimierz I
- 1358-1410 Przemyslaw I Noszak
- 1410–1431 Boleslaw I
- 1431–1442 Eufemia and her sons: Waclaw I, Boleslaw II, Wladyslaw, and Przemyslaw II
- 1442–1452 Przemyslaw II and Boleslaw II
- 1452-1477 Przemyslaw II
- 1477–1528 Kazimierz II
- 1528-1579 Waclaw III Adam
- 1579–1617 Adam Waclaw
- 1617-1625 Fryderyk Wilhelm
- 1625-1653 Elzbieta Lukrecja
In 1653 the Duchy of Teschen was transferred to the Habsburg domains.
Sovereign Duchess Agnieska Zatorska of Wadowice. Born 1477-Died 1505. Married to Jan Kobierzycki of Tworkow and Kobierzyn, with one male heir. They were the last of the Piast Dynasty to rule Wadowice. Despite the sale of Wadowice to the King of Poland; to insure his armorial protection of the region; Wadowice continued to be torn by wars for another 300 years.
See also
- List of Polish rulers
- Piast dynasty
- Dukes of Masovia
- Dukes of Greater Poland
- Dukes of Little Poland
- Dukes of Cuiavia
- Dukes of Sieradz-Leczyca
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