Bernard Zehrfuss
Encyclopedia
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
architect
Architect
An architect is a person trained in the planning, design and oversight of the construction of buildings. To practice architecture means to offer or render services in connection with the design and construction of a building, or group of buildings and the space within the site surrounding the...
.
Life
From a family that had fled from the AlsaceAlsace
Alsace is the fifth-smallest of the 27 regions of France in land area , and the smallest in metropolitan France. It is also the seventh-most densely populated region in France and third most densely populated region in metropolitan France, with ca. 220 inhabitants per km²...
in 1870 after the Franco-Prussian War
Franco-Prussian War
The Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War, often referred to in France as the 1870 War was a conflict between the Second French Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia. Prussia was aided by the North German Confederation, of which it was a member, and the South German states of Baden, Württemberg and...
, Zehrfuss's father was killed in the First Battle of the Marne
First Battle of the Marne
The Battle of the Marne was a First World War battle fought between 5 and 12 September 1914. It resulted in an Allied victory against the German Army under Chief of Staff Helmuth von Moltke the Younger. The battle effectively ended the month long German offensive that opened the war and had...
in 1914. He attended the École des Beaux-Arts
École des Beaux-Arts
École des Beaux-Arts refers to a number of influential art schools in France. The most famous is the École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts, now located on the left bank in Paris, across the Seine from the Louvre, in the 6th arrondissement. The school has a history spanning more than 350 years,...
in Paris
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
from the age of 18 and won its most prestigious award, the Prix de Rome
Prix de Rome
The Prix de Rome was a scholarship for arts students, principally of painting, sculpture, and architecture. It was created, initially for painters and sculptors, in 1663 in France during the reign of Louis XIV. It was an annual bursary for promising artists having proved their talents by...
in 1939 (also the year of his first major design, for the Sébastien Charléty Stadium
Stade Sebastien Charlety
Stade Sebastien Charléty, known simply as Stade Charléty or just Charléty, is a multi-use stadium in the 13th arrondissement of Paris, France. Officially, the current capacity of the stadium is 20,000 people. The stadium opened in 1938 and was designed by French architect Bernard Zehrfuss...
in Paris), though the outbreak of the Second World War prevented him from taking up his stay at the Villa Medici
Villa Medici
The Villa Medici is a mannerist villa and an architectural complex with a garden contiguous with the larger Borghese gardens, on the Pincian Hill next to Trinità dei Monti in Rome, Italy. The Villa Medici, founded by Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany and now property of the French...
in Rome. After a short stay in Nice
Nice
Nice is the fifth most populous city in France, after Paris, Marseille, Lyon and Toulouse, with a population of 348,721 within its administrative limits on a land area of . The urban area of Nice extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of more than 955,000 on an area of...
, he became an assistant in Eugene Beaudouin's Marseilles workshop, then founded a short-lived artistic commune in nearby Oppède
Oppède
Oppède is a commune in the Vaucluse department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeastern France.- History :It is in fact two villages: Oppède-le-Vieux , built against the Petit Luberon and dating back to the 12th century, and Oppède-les-Poulivets , today known as "le village", down...
, a commune that attracted French sculptor François Stahly
François Stahly
François Stahly was a German-French sculptor....
and the writer and artist Consuelo de Saint Exupéry. Zehrfuss then obtained a visa for Spain
Spain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
and joined the Free French Forces
Free French Forces
The Free French Forces were French partisans in World War II who decided to continue fighting against the forces of the Axis powers after the surrender of France and subsequent German occupation and, in the case of Vichy France, collaboration with the Germans.-Definition:In many sources, Free...
.
In French-controlled Algeria
Algeria
Algeria , officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria , also formally referred to as the Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria, is a country in the Maghreb region of Northwest Africa with Algiers as its capital.In terms of land area, it is the largest country in Africa and the Arab...
and Tunisia
Tunisia
Tunisia , officially the Tunisian RepublicThe long name of Tunisia in other languages used in the country is: , is the northernmost country in Africa. It is a Maghreb country and is bordered by Algeria to the west, Libya to the southeast, and the Mediterranean Sea to the north and east. Its area...
from 1943 through 1953, Zehrfuss was appointed to office in the Directorate of Public Works and built many well-received housing projects, schools and hospitals.
On return to France he was made Chief Architect of Public Buildings and National Palaces and participated in two high-profile projects: the 1953 European headquarters of UNESCO
UNESCO
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations...
, a collaboration with Marcel Breuer
Marcel Breuer
Marcel Lajos Breuer , was a Hungarian-born modernist, architect and furniture designer of Jewish descent. One of the masters of Modernism, Breuer displayed interest in modular construction and simple forms.- Life and work :Known to his friends and associates as Lajkó, Breuer studied and taught at...
and Pier Luigi Nervi
Pier Luigi Nervi
Pier Luigi Nervi was an Italian engineer. He studied at the University of Bologna and qualified in 1913. Dr. Nervi taught as a professor of engineering at Rome University from 1946-61...
, and the 1958 Center of New Industries and Technologies
Center of New Industries and Technologies
The Center of New Industries and Technologies , located in Puteaux, France, is one of the first buildings built in La Défense in Paris, France...
, one of the first buildings of La Défense
La Défense
La Défense is a major business district of the Paris aire urbaine. With a population of 20,000, it is centered in an orbital motorway straddling the Hauts-de-Seine département municipalities of Nanterre, Courbevoie and Puteaux...
. These stand among many French housing projects and embassies through the 1960s and 1970s.
In 1975 he designed the new building for the Gallo-Roman Museum of Lyon
Gallo-Roman Museum of Lyon
The Gallo-Roman Museum of Lyon is a museum on the Gallo-Roman civilisation in Lyon , previously located in the heart of the Roman city and now sited near the city's Roman theatre on the Fourvière hill, half-buried into the hillside on the edge of the archaeological site. The new building was...
. In 1983, Zehrfuss was elected a member of the Academy of Fine Arts, where he became the perpetual secretary in 1994, succeeding Marcel Landowski
Marcel Landowski
Marcel François Paul Landowski was a French composer, biographer and arts administrator.Born at Pont-l'Abbé, Finistère, Brittany, he was the son of French sculptor Paul Landowski and great-grandson of the composer Henri Vieuxtemps.As an infant he showed early musical promise, and studied piano...
.
Main works
- 19391939 in architectureThe year 1939 in architecture involved some significant events.-Buildings:* April 21 - The San Jacinto Monument is dedicated near Houston, Texas....
: Stade Charlety in ParisParisParis is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
(rebuilt in 1994 by Henri and Bruno Gaudin) - 19501950 in architectureThe year 1950 in architecture involved some significant events.-Buildings:*Alas Building completed in Buenos Aires, Argentina. The tallest building in Buenos Aires between 1950 and 1996, surpassed by the Le Parc tower....
-19531953 in architectureThe year 1953 in architecture involved some significant events.-Buildings:* St Crispin's School, Wokingham, Berkshire, England, designed by the Ministry of Education.* YMCA Indian Student Hostel, Fitzrovia, London, designed by Ralph Tubbs....
: Mame printworks in ToursToursTours is a city in central France, the capital of the Indre-et-Loire department.It is located on the lower reaches of the river Loire, between Orléans and the Atlantic coast. Touraine, the region around Tours, is known for its wines, the alleged perfection of its local spoken French, and for the...
in collaboration with Jean ProuvéJean Prouvé-Images:**- External links :***... - 19501950 in architectureThe year 1950 in architecture involved some significant events.-Buildings:*Alas Building completed in Buenos Aires, Argentina. The tallest building in Buenos Aires between 1950 and 1996, surpassed by the Le Parc tower....
-19581958 in architectureThe year 1958 in architecture involved some significant events.-Buildings:* The Atomium is opened in Brussels, designed by André Waterkeyn.* Center of New Industries and Technologies, completed at La Défense in Paris, by engineer Jean Prouvé....
: Flins Renault FactoryFlins Renault FactoryFlins Renault Factory is a car factory in France, straddling the towns of Flins and Aubergenville in Yvelines, around 40 km downstream of Paris...
and the "cité FlinsFlins-sur-SeineFlins-sur-Seine is a commune in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France in north-central France.-References:*...
" nearby - 19521952 in architectureThe year 1952 in architecture involved some significant events.-Buildings:* Brewster-Douglass Housing Projects, completed in the Brush Park section of Detroit, Michigan.* Edificio Miguel E...
-19581958 in architectureThe year 1958 in architecture involved some significant events.-Buildings:* The Atomium is opened in Brussels, designed by André Waterkeyn.* Center of New Industries and Technologies, completed at La Défense in Paris, by engineer Jean Prouvé....
: UNESCOUNESCOThe United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations...
HQ in ParisParisParis is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
in association with Marcel BreuerMarcel BreuerMarcel Lajos Breuer , was a Hungarian-born modernist, architect and furniture designer of Jewish descent. One of the masters of Modernism, Breuer displayed interest in modular construction and simple forms.- Life and work :Known to his friends and associates as Lajkó, Breuer studied and taught at...
and Pier Luigi NerviPier Luigi NerviPier Luigi Nervi was an Italian engineer. He studied at the University of Bologna and qualified in 1913. Dr. Nervi taught as a professor of engineering at Rome University from 1946-61...
, then its extension (1965–1978) - 19541954 in architectureThe year 1954 in architecture involved some significant events.-Buildings:*Hunstanton Secondary Modern School, Hunstanton, Norfolk, England, designed by Peter and Alison Smithson, is completed...
-19581958 in architectureThe year 1958 in architecture involved some significant events.-Buildings:* The Atomium is opened in Brussels, designed by André Waterkeyn.* Center of New Industries and Technologies, completed at La Défense in Paris, by engineer Jean Prouvé....
: the CNITCenter of New Industries and TechnologiesThe Center of New Industries and Technologies , located in Puteaux, France, is one of the first buildings built in La Défense in Paris, France...
at la DéfenseLa DéfenseLa Défense is a major business district of the Paris aire urbaine. With a population of 20,000, it is centered in an orbital motorway straddling the Hauts-de-Seine département municipalities of Nanterre, Courbevoie and Puteaux...
in association with Robert Camelot and Jean de MaillyJean de MaillyJean Pierier of Mailly, called Jean de Mailly, was a Dominican chronicler working in Metz in the mid-13th century. In his Latin chronicle of the Diocese of Metz, Chronica universalis Mettensis, the fable of Pope Joan first appears in written form.... - 19591959 in architectureThe year 1959 in architecture involved some significant events.-Buildings:* Basilica of Candelaria completed on the island of Tenerife in the Spanish Canary Islands.* Birmingham Museum of Art by Warren, Knight & Davis is opened....
-19631963 in architectureThe year 1963 in architecture involved some significant events.-Buildings:* March 7 - MetLife Building in Manhattan, New York, United States is opened.* Bankside Power Station in London, designed by Giles Gilbert Scott is completed...
: Haut-du-Lièvre overlooking Nancy - 19601960 in architectureThe year 1960 in architecture involved some significant events.-Buildings:* January 13 - Shamakhi Astrophysical Observatory officially opened in Shamakhi, Azerbaijan....
: Clichy-sous-BoisClichy-sous-BoisClichy-sous-Bois is a commune in the eastern suburbs of Paris, France. The vast majority of its population is made up of Muslims of North African heritage . It is located from the centre of Paris.-Geography:The commune has an area of with of woods...
-MontfermeilMontfermeilMontfermeil is a commune in the eastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the center of Paris.Montfermeil is famous as the location of Thénardier's inn in Les Misérables. It has made the headlines due to troubles in its social estate called "les... - 19601960 in architectureThe year 1960 in architecture involved some significant events.-Buildings:* January 13 - Shamakhi Astrophysical Observatory officially opened in Shamakhi, Azerbaijan....
-19631963 in architectureThe year 1963 in architecture involved some significant events.-Buildings:* March 7 - MetLife Building in Manhattan, New York, United States is opened.* Bankside Power Station in London, designed by Giles Gilbert Scott is completed...
: Faculty of Sciences of the University of Tunis - 19621962 in architectureThe year 1962 in architecture involved some significant events.-Buildings and structures:*May 25 - Coventry Cathedral in England, designed by Basil Spence, is consecrated.*July 1 - The Minolta Tower in Niagara Falls is opened....
-19671967 in architectureThe year 1967 in architecture involved some significant events.-Buildings:* Habitat 67 in Montreal, Canada designed by Moshe Safdie as part of Expo 67.* Marina City in Chicago, designed by Bertrand Goldberg is opened....
: flats (5 towers with 15 floors - 370 housing units) 120-126 avenue Jean-Jaurès in PantinPantinPantin is a commune in the northeastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the center of Paris. It is one of the most densely populated municipalities in Europe. Its post code is 93500.Pantin was once the site of Motobecane's operations... - 19621962 in architectureThe year 1962 in architecture involved some significant events.-Buildings and structures:*May 25 - Coventry Cathedral in England, designed by Basil Spence, is consecrated.*July 1 - The Minolta Tower in Niagara Falls is opened....
-19701970 in architectureThe year 1970 in architecture involved some significant events.-Buildings and structures:* March 7 - John Hancock Center official opening ceremony, by Bruce Graham/ SOM, in Chicago, Illinois....
: French embassy in WarsawWarsawWarsaw is the capital and largest city of Poland. It is located on the Vistula River, roughly from the Baltic Sea and from the Carpathian Mountains. Its population in 2010 was estimated at 1,716,855 residents with a greater metropolitan area of 2,631,902 residents, making Warsaw the 10th most...
in collaboration with Henry Bernard and Guillaume Gillet (fully renovated by Jean-Philippe Pargade in 2004) - 19671967 in architectureThe year 1967 in architecture involved some significant events.-Buildings:* Habitat 67 in Montreal, Canada designed by Moshe Safdie as part of Expo 67.* Marina City in Chicago, designed by Bertrand Goldberg is opened....
: Garonor in Aulnay-sous-BoisAulnay-sous-BoisAulnay-sous-Bois is a commune in the northeastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the centre of Paris.In October and November 2005, it gained national and international attention as one of the focuses of the French suburb riots.-Name:... - 19681968 in architectureThe year 1968 in architecture involved some significant events.-Buildings:* The Calgary Tower in Calgary, Canada is opened.* Lake Point Tower in Chicago, designed by Schippereit-Heinrich Associates is completed....
: SandozSandozFounded in 2003, Sandoz presently is the generic drug subsidiary of Novartis, a multinational pharmaceutical company. The company develops, manufactures and markets generic drugs as well as pharmaceutical and biotechnological active ingredients....
-France's HQ at Rueil-MalmaisonRueil-MalmaisonRueil-Malmaison is a commune in the western suburbs of Paris, in the Hauts-de-Seine department of France. It is located 12.6 kilometers from the center of Paris.-Name:... - 19701970 in architectureThe year 1970 in architecture involved some significant events.-Buildings and structures:* March 7 - John Hancock Center official opening ceremony, by Bruce Graham/ SOM, in Chicago, Illinois....
: Danish Embassy in ParisParisParis is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region... - 19721972 in architectureThe year 1972 in architecture involved some significant events.-Buildings:* The Twin Towers of the World Trade Center, the tallest in the world at the time, in Lower Manhattan, New York...
: SiemensSiemens AGSiemens AG is a German multinational conglomerate company headquartered in Munich, Germany. It is the largest Europe-based electronics and electrical engineering company....
-France's HQ in Plaine-Saint-Denis - 19721972 in architectureThe year 1972 in architecture involved some significant events.-Buildings:* The Twin Towers of the World Trade Center, the tallest in the world at the time, in Lower Manhattan, New York...
-19751975 in architectureThe year 1975 in architecture involved some significant events.-Buildings:* Frank House, also known as House VI, designed by Peter Eisenman* U.N...
: Gallo-Roman Museum of LyonGallo-Roman Museum of LyonThe Gallo-Roman Museum of Lyon is a museum on the Gallo-Roman civilisation in Lyon , previously located in the heart of the Roman city and now sited near the city's Roman theatre on the Fourvière hill, half-buried into the hillside on the edge of the archaeological site. The new building was... - 19731973 in architectureThe year 1973 in architecture involved some significant events.-Buildings:*Sears Tower in Chicago, Illinois, United States, designed by Skidmore, Owings and Merrill, becomes the tallest building in the world...
: Tour Anjou at la DéfenseLa DéfenseLa Défense is a major business district of the Paris aire urbaine. With a population of 20,000, it is centered in an orbital motorway straddling the Hauts-de-Seine département municipalities of Nanterre, Courbevoie and Puteaux...
, commune of PuteauxPuteauxPuteaux is a commune in the western suburbs of Paris, France. It is located in the heart of the Hauts-de-Seine department from the center of Paris.... - 19761976 in architectureThe year 1976 in architecture involved some significant events.-Buildings:* CN Tower in Toronto, Ontario, Canada completed.* John Hancock Tower in Boston, Massachusetts, designed by I. M...
: Jeumont-SchneiderSchneiderSchneider is a surname, common in Germany, it may also refer to:Companies and organizations* G. Schneider & Sohn, Bavarian brewery company* Schneider Rundfunkwerke AG, former owner of the Dual brand record players...
's HQ in PuteauxPuteauxPuteaux is a commune in the western suburbs of Paris, France. It is located in the heart of the Hauts-de-Seine department from the center of Paris.... - 19761976 in architectureThe year 1976 in architecture involved some significant events.-Buildings:* CN Tower in Toronto, Ontario, Canada completed.* John Hancock Tower in Boston, Massachusetts, designed by I. M...
: flats on the "Procession" and "Falguière" islets in the 15th arrondissement of Paris (12000 and 387 housing units)