Marcel Lajos Breuer (21 May 1902
PécsPécs , , is the fifth largest city of Hungary, located in the south-west of the country, close to its border with Croatia. It is the administrative and economical centre of Baranya county...
,
HungaryHungary , in English officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in the Carpathian Basin of Central Europe, bordered by Austria, Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Croatia, and Slovenia. Its capital is Budapest. Hungary is a member of OECD, NATO, EU, V4 and is a Schengen state...
– 1 July 1981
New York CityNew York is the most populous city in the United States, and the center of the New York metropolitan area, which is among the most populous urban areas in the world. A leading global city, New York exerts a powerful influence over worldwide commerce, finance, culture, fashion and entertainment...
),
architectAn architect is trained and licensed in planning and designing buildings, and participates in supervising the construction of a building. Etymologically, architect derives from the Latin architectus, itself derived from the Greek arkhitekton , i.e. chief builder...
and
furnitureFurniture is the mass noun for the movable objects intended to support various human activities such as seating and sleeping in beds, to hold objects at a convenient height for work using horizontal surfaces above the ground, or to store things...
designerA designer is a person who designs something. Perhaps the broadest definition is that provided by psychologist Herbert Simon: 'Everyone designs who devises courses of action aimed at changing existing situations into preferred ones.'...
, was an influential
HungarianHungary , in English officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in the Carpathian Basin of Central Europe, bordered by Austria, Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Croatia, and Slovenia. Its capital is Budapest. Hungary is a member of OECD, NATO, EU, V4 and is a Schengen state...
-born
modernistModernism, in its broadest definition, is modern thought, character, or practice. More specifically, the term describes both a set of cultural tendencies and an array of associated cultural movements, originally arising from wide-scale and far-reaching changes to Western society in the late...
of
JewThe Jews , also known as the Jewish people, are an ethnoreligious group originating in the Israelites or Hebrews of the Ancient Near East. The Jewish ethnicity, nationality, and religion are strongly interrelated, as Judaism is the traditional faith of the Jewish nation...
ish descent. One of the masters of Modernism, Breuer displayed interest in modular construction and simple forms.
Known to his friends and associates as Lajkó, Breuer studied and taught at the
Bauhaus' is the common term for the ', a school in Germany that combined crafts and the fine arts, and was famous for the approach to design that it publicized and taught. It operated from 1919 to 1933....
in the 1920s. The Bauhaus curriculum stressed the simultaneous education of its students in elements of visual art, craft and the technology of industrial production.
Marcel Lajos Breuer (21 May 1902
PécsPécs , , is the fifth largest city of Hungary, located in the south-west of the country, close to its border with Croatia. It is the administrative and economical centre of Baranya county...
,
HungaryHungary , in English officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in the Carpathian Basin of Central Europe, bordered by Austria, Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Croatia, and Slovenia. Its capital is Budapest. Hungary is a member of OECD, NATO, EU, V4 and is a Schengen state...
– 1 July 1981
New York CityNew York is the most populous city in the United States, and the center of the New York metropolitan area, which is among the most populous urban areas in the world. A leading global city, New York exerts a powerful influence over worldwide commerce, finance, culture, fashion and entertainment...
),
architectAn architect is trained and licensed in planning and designing buildings, and participates in supervising the construction of a building. Etymologically, architect derives from the Latin architectus, itself derived from the Greek arkhitekton , i.e. chief builder...
and
furnitureFurniture is the mass noun for the movable objects intended to support various human activities such as seating and sleeping in beds, to hold objects at a convenient height for work using horizontal surfaces above the ground, or to store things...
designerA designer is a person who designs something. Perhaps the broadest definition is that provided by psychologist Herbert Simon: 'Everyone designs who devises courses of action aimed at changing existing situations into preferred ones.'...
, was an influential
HungarianHungary , in English officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in the Carpathian Basin of Central Europe, bordered by Austria, Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Croatia, and Slovenia. Its capital is Budapest. Hungary is a member of OECD, NATO, EU, V4 and is a Schengen state...
-born
modernistModernism, in its broadest definition, is modern thought, character, or practice. More specifically, the term describes both a set of cultural tendencies and an array of associated cultural movements, originally arising from wide-scale and far-reaching changes to Western society in the late...
of
JewThe Jews , also known as the Jewish people, are an ethnoreligious group originating in the Israelites or Hebrews of the Ancient Near East. The Jewish ethnicity, nationality, and religion are strongly interrelated, as Judaism is the traditional faith of the Jewish nation...
ish descent. One of the masters of Modernism, Breuer displayed interest in modular construction and simple forms.
Life and work
Known to his friends and associates as Lajkó, Breuer studied and taught at the
Bauhaus' is the common term for the ', a school in Germany that combined crafts and the fine arts, and was famous for the approach to design that it publicized and taught. It operated from 1919 to 1933....
in the 1920s. The Bauhaus curriculum stressed the simultaneous education of its students in elements of visual art, craft and the technology of industrial production. Breuer was eventually appointed to a teaching position as head of the school's carpentry workshop. He later practiced in
BerlinBerlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. With a population of 3.4 million within its city limits, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city and the eighth most populous urban area in the European Union...
, designing houses and commercial spaces. In the 1920s and 1930s, Breuer pioneered the design of tubular steel furniture. Later in his career he would also turn his attention to the creation of innovative and experimental wooden furniture.
Perhaps the most widely-recognized of Breuer's early designs was the first bent tubular steel chair, later known as the
Wassily ChairThe Wassily Chair, also known as the Model B3 chair, was designed by Marcel Breuer in 1925-26 while he was the head of the cabinet-making workshop at the Bauhaus, in Dessau, Germany. Despite popular belief, the chair was not designed for the non-objective painter Wassily Kandinsky, who was...
, designed in 1925 and was inspired, in part, by the curved tubular steel handlebars on Breuer's Adler bicycle. Despite the widespread popular belief that the chair was designed for painter
Wassily KandinskyWassily Wassilyevich Kandinsky was a Russian painter, and art theorist. He is credited with painting the first modern abstract works....
, Breuer's colleague on the Bauhaus faculty, it was not; Kandinsky admired Breuer's finished chair design, and only then did Breuer make an additional copy for Kandinsky's use in his home. When the chair was re-released in the 1960s, it was designated "Wassily" by its Italian manufacturer, who had learned that Kandinsky had been the recipient of one of the earliest post-prototype units.
In the 1930s, due to the rise of the
NaziNazism, known officially in German as National Socialism , is the totalitarian ideology and practices of the Nazi Party or National Socialist German Workers’ Party under Adolf Hitler, and the policies adopted by the dictatorial government of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945.Nazism is often considered...
party in
GermanyGermany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium,...
, Breuer relocated to
London[]London is the capital of England and the United Kingdom. It has been a major settlement for two millennia, and the history of London goes back to its founding by the Romans, when it was named Londinium. London's core, the ancient City of London, the 'square mile', retains its medieval boundaries...
. While in London, Breuer was employed by Jack Pritchard at the
IsokonThe London-based Isokon firm was founded in 1929 to design and construct modernist houses and flats, and subsequently furniture and fittings for them...
company; one of the earliest introducers of modern design to the United Kingdom. Breuer designed his Long Chair as well as experimenting with bent and formed plywood. Breuer eventually ended up in the
United StatesThe United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
. He taught at
Harvard's architecture schoolThe Harvard Graduate School of Design is a graduate school at Harvard University offering degrees in Architecture, Landscape Architecture, and Urban Planning and Design.-History:...
, working with students such as
Philip JohnsonPhilip Cortelyou Johnson was an influential American architect. With his thick, round-framed glasses, Johnson was the most recognizable figure in American architecture for decades....
and
Paul RudolphPaul Marvin Rudolph was an American architect and the dean of the Yale School of Architecture for six years, known for his cubist building designs and highly complex floor plans...
who later became well-known U.S. architects. (At one point Johnson called Breuer "a peasant mannerist".) At the same time, Breuer worked with old friend and Bauhaus colleague
Walter GropiusWalter Adolph Georg Gropius was a German architect and founder of the Bauhaus School who, along with Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and Le Corbusier, is widely regarded as one of the pioneering masters of modern architecture....
, also at Harvard, on the design of several houses in the
BostonBoston is the capital and largest city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, and is one of the oldest cities in the United States. The largest city in New England, Boston is considered the economic and cultural center of the region and is sometimes regarded as the unofficial "Capital of New England"...
area.
Breuer dissolved his partnership with Gropius in May 1941 and established his own firm in New York. The Geller House I of 1945 is the first to employ Breuer's concept of the 'binuclear' house, with separate wings for the bedrooms and for the living / dining / kitchen area, separated by an entry hall, and with the distinctive 'butterfly' roof (two opposing roof surfaces sloping towards the middle, centrally drained) that became part of the popular modernist style vocabulary. A demonstration house set up in the
MOMAMoma may refer to:* Moma , an owlet moth genus* Moma Airport, a Russian public airport* Moma District, Nampula, Mozambique* Moma River, a right tributary of the Indigirka River...
garden in 1949 caused a new flurry of interest in the architect's work, and an appreciation written by
Peter BlakeSir Peter Thomas Blake, CBE, RDI, is an English pop artist, best known for his design of the sleeve for the Beatles' album Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band. He lives in Chiswick, London, UK.-Career:...
. When the show was over, the "House in the Garden" was dismantled and barged up the Hudson River for reassembly on the Rockefeller property in Pocantico Hills near Sleepy Hollow.
The 1953 commission for
UNESCOThe United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on 16 November 1945...
headquarters in Paris was a turning point for Breuer: a return to Europe, a return to larger projects after years of only residential commissions, and the beginning of Breuer's adoption of
concreteConcrete is a construction material composed of cement as well as other cementitious materials such as fly ash and slag cement, aggregate , water, and chemical admixtures...
as his primary medium. He became known as one of the leading practitioners of Brutalism, with an increasingly curvy, sculptural, personal idiom. Windows were often set in soft, pillowy depressions rather than sharp, angular recesses. Many architects remarked at his ability to make concrete appear "soft".
Between 1963 and 1964, Breuer began work on what is perhaps his best-known project, the Whitney Museum of American Art, in New York City. He also established a Parisian office with the name "Marcel Breuer Architecte," from which he could better orchestrate his European projects. Also during this time, Herbert Beckhard, Murray Emslie, Hamilton Smith, and Robert F. Gatje became partners in Marcel Breuer and Associates. When Murray Emslie left a year later, he was replaced by Tician Papachristou, who had been recommended by Breuer's former student, I. M. Pei.
Breuer is sometimes incorrectly credited, or blamed, for the former Pan Am Building (now the
MetLife BuildingThe MetLife Building, originally called the Pan Am Building, is a skyscraper located at 200 Park Avenue in New York City.-History:The Pan Am Building was the largest commercial office building in the world when it opened on March 7, 1963...
), an unpopular high-rise in New York City. The Pan Am was actually designed by
Emery Roth & SonsEmery Roth was an American architect who designed many of the definitive New York City hotels and apartment buildings of the 1920s and 30s, incorporating Beaux-Arts and Art Deco details...
with the assistance of
Walter GropiusWalter Adolph Georg Gropius was a German architect and founder of the Bauhaus School who, along with Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and Le Corbusier, is widely regarded as one of the pioneering masters of modern architecture....
and
Pietro BelluschiPietro Belluschi was an American architect, a leader of the Modern Movement in architecture, and was responsible for the design of over one thousand buildings....
. Breuer's name was associated with the site because in 1969 Breuer developed a 30-story proposed skyscraper over
Grand Central TerminalGrand Central Terminal — often popularly called Grand Central Station or simply Grand Central — is a terminal station at 42nd Street and Park Avenue in Midtown Manhattan in New York City...
, called "Grand Central Tower", which
Ada Louise HuxtableAda Louise Huxtable is an architecture critic and writer on architecture. In 1970 she was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Criticism for "distinguished criticism during 1969"....
called "a gargantuan tower of aggressive vulgarity," and which became a
cause celebre. Breuer's reputation was damaged, but the legal fallout improved the climate for
landmarkThis is a list of landmarks around the world.Landmarks may be split into two categories: natural phenomena and man-made features, like buildings, bridges, statues, public squares, and so forth...
building preservation in
New York CityNew York is the most populous city in the United States, and the center of the New York metropolitan area, which is among the most populous urban areas in the world. A leading global city, New York exerts a powerful influence over worldwide commerce, finance, culture, fashion and entertainment...
and across the United States.
Breuer's Grand Central Tower set the foundations for his
skyscraperA skyscraper is a tall, continuously habitable building. There is no official definition or height above which a building may clearly be classified as a skyscraper...
idea. In 1966, the
Cleveland Museum of ArtThe Cleveland Museum of Art is an art museum in the University Circle neighborhood of Cleveland, Ohio. It has a permanent collection of more than 43,000 works of art. General admission to the permanent galleries is free to the public, with admission fees charged for certain special exhibitions...
needed to expand, one of its trustees was Brock Weir of Cleveland Trust Bank. Weir visited New York City scouting bank headquarter designs for a new Cleveland Trust Tower. Weir saw the proposed the Grand Central Tower idea and got Breuer to design the Cleveland Trust Tower. In 1968, the Cleveland Trust Tower plan was revealed. It was to have two twin towers flanking the bank's 1908 rotunda. Construction began in 1969 and was completed in 1971. The second tower was to begin construction in 1971 but due to plans at Cleveland Trust, the second tower was not erected, but the tower is ready for expansion if needed. The Tower was renamed the
AT TowerThe Ameritrust Tower is a brutalist skyscraper located in downtown Cleveland, Ohio. The building is 29 stories and rises to a height of 383 ft . It was designed by Marcel Breuer and Hamilton Smith and completed in 1971...
or the Ameritrust Tower after Cleveland Trust's name change in 1980.
The Ameritrust has been vacant since the 1992 merger of Ameritrust and Society Bank. In 2005, Cuyahoga County commissioners bought the building for $22,000,000 with plans to use the site for a new county administration center. The commissioners decided in 2007 to demolish the Ameritrust Tower; however, many preservation groups strongly opposed demolition. In October 2007, the commissioners voted to sell the tower and site to a developer. On April 17, 2008, the K&D Group purchased the site with plans to preserve the tower as part of a $133 million hotel/condo complex.
Works (partial list)
His collection of papers and works were donated to the
Archives of American ArtThe Archives of American Art is the world's largest collection of primary resources documenting the history of the visual arts in the United States. More than 16 million items of original material are housed in the archives' research centers in Washington, D.C...
in 1985-1999, by Constance Breuer, wife of Breuer.
Private residential buildings (U.S.)
- Hagerty House
Josephine M. Hagerty House is a historic house at 357 Atlantic Avenue in Cohasset, Massachusetts.Located a few feet from the shoreline, it was the first building in the United States commissioned from Bauhaus architect Walter Gropius....
, Cohasset, MA. 1937–1938
- Breuer House I, Lincoln, MA. 1938–1939
- J. Ford House, Lincoln, MA. 1939
- Chamberlain Cottage, Wayland, MA. 1940
- Geller House, Lawrence, Long Island, NY. 1945
- Robinson House, Williamstown, MA. 1946–1948
- Breuer House II, New Canaan, CT. 1947–1948
- Marshad House, Croton-on-Hudson, NY 1949
- Cape Cod Cottages
- Breuer Cottage, Wellfleet, MA. 1945–1949–1961
- Kepes Cottage, Wellfleet, MA. 1948–1949
- Edgar Stillman Cottage, Wellfleet, MA. 1953–1954
- Wise Cottage, Wellfleet, MA. 1963
- Stillman I, Litchfield, CT. 1950
- Exhibition House in the MoMA Garden, Pocantico Hills, Tarrytown, NY. 1948–1949
- Clark House, Orange, CT. 1949–1951
- Pack House, Scarsdale, NY. 1950–1951
- Dexter Ferry Cooperative House of Vassar College
Vassar College is a private, coeducational, liberal arts college situated in the town of Poughkeepsie, New York, USA. Founded as a women's college in 1861, it became coeducational in 1969.-Overview:...
, Poughkeepsie, NY. 1951
- Gagarin House 1, Litchfield, CT 1955
- Grieco House, Andover, MA. 1954–1955
- Starkey House, Duluth, MN, 1954–1955
- Hooper House II, Baltimore County, MD. 1956–1959
- Stillman II, Litchfield, CT. 1966
- Stillman III, Litchfield, CT. 1973–74
- Gagarin House II, Litchfield CT 1974
- Stillman Roman Cottage, Litchfield, CT. 1974 (Breuer Wellfleet Cottage plans; Built by Rufus Stillman)
Public / commercial buildings
- Gane Pavilion, Bristol, 1936
- Pennsylvania Pavilion, 1939 New York World's Fair
1939 World's Fair redirects here. The term can also refer to the Golden Gate International Exposition, which was held in San Francisco/Oakland at the same time as the New York fair....
, 1939
- Aluminum City Terrace housing project, New Kensington, Pennsylvania. 1942–1944
- Ariston Club, Mar del Plata
Mar del Plata is an Argentine city located on the coast of the Atlantic Ocean in the Buenos Aires Province, south of Buenos Aires. Mar del Plata is one of the major fishing ports and the biggest seaside beach resort in Argentina....
, Argentina with Eduardo Catalano, and Francisco Coire. 1948.
- UNESCO headquarters, Paris, France. 1953 (with Pier Luigi Nervi
Pier Luigi Nervi was an Italian engineer and architect. He studied at the University of Bologna and qualified in 1913. Dr. Nervi taught as a professor of engineering at Rome University from 1946-61...
and Bernard ZehrfussBernard Louis Zehrfuss was a French architect.-Life:From a family that had fled from the Alsace in 1870 after the Franco-Prussian War, Zehrfuss's father was killed in the First Battle of the Marne in 1914...
).
- De Bijenkorf department store, Rotterdam, Netherlands 1955-1957.
- various buildings at the St. John's University
The College of Saint Benedict , for women, and Saint John's University , for men, are partnered liberal arts colleges respectively located in St. Joseph and Collegeville, Minnesota, USA. Students attend classes and activities together, and have access to the resources of both campuses...
in Collegeville, Minnesota:
- Saint Thomas Hall. 1959
- Saint John's Abbey
Saint John's Abbey in Collegeville, Minnesota is a Benedictine monastery affiliated with the American Cassinese Congregation. The Abbey was established following the arrival in the area of monks from Saint Vincent Abbey of Latrobe, Pennsylvania in 1856. Saint John's is the second-largest...
Church. 1961
- Alcuin Library. 1964
- Peter Engel Science Center. 1965
- Saints Bernard, Patrick, and Boniface Halls. 1967
- Institute for Ecumenical and Cultural Research. 1968
- Bush Center for the Hill Monastic Manuscript Library. 1975
- United States Embassy, The Hague, Netherlands. 1958
- various buildings at the University of Mary
The University of Mary is a four year Catholic university near Bismarck, North Dakota.The university is the largest degree granting institution in Bismarck...
in Bismarck, North Dakota
- City University of New York
The City University of New York , is the public university system of New York City. It is the largest urban university in the United States, consisting of 23 institutions: 11 senior colleges, six community colleges, the William E...
, Herbert H. Lehman College, Fine Arts Building
- various buildings at New York University
New York University is a private, nonsectarian, research university in New York City. NYU's main campus is situated in the Greenwich Village section of Manhattan...
(now Bronx Community CollegeThe Bronx Community College of The City University of New York is a community college in the City University of New York system located in the University Heights neighborhood of The Bronx.- History :...
) University Heights Campus, Bronx, New York:
- Begrisch (Lecture) Hall. 1964
- Gould Hall of Technology (now Polowczek Hall). 1964
- Colston (Residence) Hall
- Tech I & II (now Meister Hall)
- Campus Center and Garage, University of Massachusetts Amherst
The University of Massachusetts is a selective research and land-grant university in Amherst, Massachusetts...
. 1965/69
- The Whitney Museum of American Art
The Whitney Museum of American Art, often referred to simply as "the Whitney", is an art museum with a focus on 20th- and 21st-century American art. Located at 945 Madison Avenue at 75th Street in New York City, the Whitney's permanent collection contains more than 18,000 works in a wide variety of...
, New York, NY. 1966
- Armstrong Rubber/Pirelli Tire Building, Long Wharf
Long Wharf is a waterfront district and neighborhood of the city of New Haven, Connecticut, United States.-Location:Its location can be defined as the area stretching inland from the west side of New Haven Harbor northwest to Union Avenue, west to Hallock Avenue and Cedar Street, and north to the...
, New Haven, CT. 1969
- Flaine
Flaine is the name of a ski area in the Haute Savoie region of the French Alps, and is a part of the linked Grand Massif domain. It is in the territory of the communes of Magland and Arâches. Flaine is linked to Samoëns, Morillon, Les Carroz and Sixt-Fer-à-Cheval, with 267 km of pistes in total...
, France. (the entire ski resort town, population 6000), completed 1969
- Becton Engineering and Applied Science Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT. 1970
- AT Tower
The Ameritrust Tower is a brutalist skyscraper located in downtown Cleveland, Ohio. The building is 29 stories and rises to a height of 383 ft . It was designed by Marcel Breuer and Hamilton Smith and completed in 1971...
, Cleveland, Ohio, 1971
- Cleveland Museum of Art
The Cleveland Museum of Art is an art museum in the University Circle neighborhood of Cleveland, Ohio. It has a permanent collection of more than 43,000 works of art. General admission to the permanent galleries is free to the public, with admission fees charged for certain special exhibitions...
North Building expansion, Cleveland, OhioCleveland is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Cuyahoga County, the most populous county in the state. The municipality is located in northeastern Ohio on the southern shore of Lake Erie, approximately 60 miles west of the Pennsylvania border...
, 1971
- Bryn Mawr School
The Bryn Mawr School is an independent, nonsectarian, college-preparatory school for girls from preschool through grade twelve. Founded in 1885, BMS is located in the Roland Park community of Baltimore, Maryland, USA at 109 W. Melrose Avenue, Baltimore MD 21210.- The Bryn Mawr School Community...
Lower School complex, Baltimore, MD. 1972
- Australian Embassy in Paris (consulting architect). 1973
- American Press Institute, Reston, Va., 1974
- The Central Library of the Atlanta-Fulton Public Library System
The Atlanta-Fulton Public Library System is a network of public libraries serving the City of Atlanta and Fulton County, both in the U.S. state of Georgia...
in Atlanta, GeorgiaAtlanta is the capital and most populous city in the state of Georgia, as well as the urban core of one of the fastest-growing metropolitan areas in the United States....
, 1980.
- Robert C. Weaver Federal Building (US Department of Housing and Urban Development), Washington, D.C.
- Hubert H. Humphrey Building (US Department of Health and Human Services), Washington, D.C.
- Litchfield High School, Litchfield, Conn.
- IBM
International Business Machines Corporation, abbreviated IBM, is a multinational computer technology and IT consulting corporation headquartered in Armonk, Town of North Castle, New York, United States. The company is one of the few information technology companies with a continuous history dating...
Campus in Boca Raton, Florida.
- IBM
International Business Machines Corporation, abbreviated IBM, is a multinational computer technology and IT consulting corporation headquartered in Armonk, Town of North Castle, New York, United States. The company is one of the few information technology companies with a continuous history dating...
laboratory in La Gaude, France
- St. Francis de Sales Parish - Muskegon, MIhttp://www.sfnortonshores.com/index.htm
- Grosse Pointe Public Library, Central Branch, Grosse Pointe Farms, MI
- Clarksburg-Harrison County Public Library, Clarksburg, WV
- Wohnbedarf Furniture Store, Zurich.
- Doldertal Houses (apartment blocks), Zurich.
Furniture
- African chair, Collaboration with the Bauhaus
' is the common term for the ', a school in Germany that combined crafts and the fine arts, and was famous for the approach to design that it publicized and taught. It operated from 1919 to 1933....
weaver Gunta StölzlGunta Stölzl was a German textile artist who played a fundamental role in the development of the Bauhaus school’s weaving workshop. As the Bauhaus’s only female master she created enormous change within the weaving department as it transitioned from individual pictorial works to modern industrial...
- Sun Lounge Chair, Model No. 301
- Dressing Table & Bureau. 1922, 1925
- Slatted chairs (wood). 1922–24
- Wassily Chair
The Wassily Chair, also known as the Model B3 chair, was designed by Marcel Breuer in 1925-26 while he was the head of the cabinet-making workshop at the Bauhaus, in Dessau, Germany. Despite popular belief, the chair was not designed for the non-objective painter Wassily Kandinsky, who was...
No.B3. 1925
- Laccio Tables, small & large. 1927
- Wassily chair, folding. 1927
- Cesca Chair & Armchair
A cantilever chair has no back legs, relying for support on the properties of the material from which it is made. This famous form was designed by Mart Stam in 1926, and remains an important example of 20th century design....
. 1928
- Thornet Typist’s Desk. 1928
- Coffee Table. 1928
- Tubular steel furniture. 1928–29
- F 41 lounge chair on wheels. 1928–30
- Broom Cupboard. 1930
- Bookcase. 1931
- Armchair, Model No.301. 1932–34
- Aluminium chair. 1933
- Isokon chairs. 1935
- Aluminium chaise longue. 1935–36
- Plywood furniture (five pieces). 1936–37
External links
- From the Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution:
- The Marcel Breuer Papers Online consist of digitized primary source documents, including biographical material, correspondence, business and financial records, interviews, notes, writings, sketches, project files, exhibition files, photographs, and printed material
- Yankee Portables by Marcel Breuer - an overview with slideshow.
- Marcel Breuer, Saint John's Abbey and University
- Marcel Breuer at Saint John's: The architect used Gothic inspiration to create a Modernist campus from the Chronicle of Higher Education
- http://cdm.csbsju.edu/cdm4/results.php?CISORESTMP=results.php&CISOVIEWTMP=item_viewer.php&CISOMODE=grid&CISOGRID=thumbnail,A,1;title,A,1;subjec,A,0;descri,200,0;none,A,0;20;title,none,none,none,none&CISOBIB=title,A,1,N;subjec,A,0,N;descri,200,0,N;none,A,0,N;none,A,0,N;20;title,none,none,none,none&CISOTHUMB=20%20(4x5);title,none,none,none,none&CISOTITLE=20;title,none,none,none,none&CISOHIERA=20;subjec,title,none,none,none&CISOSUPPRESS=0&CISOTYPE=link&CISOOP1=all&CISOFIELD1=title&CISOBOX1=&CISOOP2=all&CISOFIELD2=subjec&CISOBOX2=&CISOOP3=all&CISOFIELD3=descri&CISOBOX3=&CISOOP4=all&CISOFIELD4=CISOSEARCHALL&CISOBOX4=marcel+breuer&c=all&CISOROOT=allNewspaper articles and archival images from the College of Saint Benedict/Saint John's University Digital Image Library "Vivarium"]
- Current works of former Breuer collaborators and associates Michele Michahelles and Mario Jossa
- Plas-2-Point House by Marcel Breuer - an overview with slideshow