Beauvais

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Beauvais

Beauvais is a town and commune and capital of the Oise

Oise

Oise is a departments of France in the north of France named after the Oise River....
department in northern France

France

France , officially the French Republic , is a country whose Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various Overseas departments and territories of France....
. Population (1999): city: 57,355; city and suburbs: 59,003; metropolitan area: 100,733. It lies about north of Paris

Paris

Paris is the Capital of France and the country's largest city. It is situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the ?le-de-France Regions of France ....
. Its residents are called Beauvaisiens

vais was known to the Romans

Ancient Rome

Ancient Rome was a civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC....
as Bratuspantium (gaulish name) Caesaromagus (gallo-roman name)(though the post-Renaissance Latin rendering is Bellovacum, after the name of the Celtic tribe.) and took its present name from the Belgic

Belgae

The Belgae were a group of tribes living in northern Gaul in the 1st century BC, and later also in Roman Britain. They gave their name to the Roman province of Gallia Belgica, and later, to the modern country of Belgium, where they are colloquially known as the "Old Belgians"....
tribe of the Bellovaci

Bellovaci

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Encyclopedia

Beauvais is a town and commune and capital of the Oise

Oise

Oise is a departments of France in the north of France named after the Oise River....
department in northern France

France

Paris

History

Beauvais was known to the Romans

Ancient Rome

Belgae

Bellovaci

Category:Tribes involved in Caesar's Gallic WarsThe Bellovaci were among the most powerful and numerous of the Belgae tribes of north-eastern Gaul conquered by Julius Caesar in 57 BC....
, whose capital it was. In the ninth century it became a countship, which about 1013 passed to the bishops of Beauvais, who became peers of France from the twelfth century. At the coronations of kings the Bishop of Beauvais wore the royal mantle and went, with the Bishop of Langres, to raise the king from his throne to present him to the people.

In 1346 the town had to defend itself against the English, who again besieged it in 1433. The siege

Siege

A siege is a military blockade of a city or fortress with the intent of conquering by Battle of attrition and/or assault. The term derives from sedere, Latin for "to sit." A siege occurs when an attacker encounters a city or fortress that cannot be easily taken by a coup de main and refuses to surrender ....
which it suffered in 1472 at the hands of the duke of Burgundy

Duke of Burgundy

Duke of Burgundy was a title borne by the rulers of the Duchy of Burgundy, a small portion of traditional lands of Burgundians west of river Sa?ne which in 843 was allotted to Charles the Bald's West Franks....
was rendered famous by the heroism of the women, under the leadership of Jeanne Hachette

Jeanne Hachette

Jeanne Laisn? was a France heroine known as Jeanne Fourquet and nicknamed Jeanne Hachette .We have no precise information about her family or origin....
, whose memory is still celebrated by a procession on the 14th of October (the feast of Sainte Angadrême), in which the women take precedence of the men.

An interesting hoard of coins is known as the “Beauvais” hoard because some of the European coins found in the hoard are from the French abbey located in Beauvais.

Geography

Beauvais lies at the foot of wooded hills on the left bank of the Thérain

Thérain

The Th?rain is a river in France, tributary of the Oise River. It rises between Saint-Michel-d'Halescourt and Grumesnil in Seine-Maritime at 175 meters elevation....
at its confluence with the Avelon. Its ancient ramparts have been destroyed, and it is now surrounded by boulevards, outside which run branches of the Thérain. In addition, there are spacious promenades in the north-east of the town.

Beauvais Cathedral

Its cathedral, dedicated to Saint Peter

Saint Peter

Saint Peter was a leader of the early Christianity church, who features prominently in the New Testament Gospels and the Acts of the Apostles....
(Cathédrale Saint-Pierre de Beauvais), in some respects the most daring achievement of Gothic architecture

Gothic architecture

Gothic architecture is a style of architecture which flourished during the high and late Middle Ages. It evolved from Romanesque architecture and was succeeded by Renaissance architecture....
, consists only of a transept

Transept

Full descriptions of the elements of a Gothic floorplan are found at the entry Cathedral diagram.'For the periodical go to The Transept....
and quire

Quire

A quire can be any of several things:* Quire , part of a church* Paper quire, a quantity, usually 24 or 25, of sheets of paper* a variant spelling of Choir ...
with apse

Apse

In architecture, the apse is a semicircular recess covered with a hemispherical Vault . In Romanesque architecture, Byzantine architecture and Gothic architecture Christian abbey, cathedral and church architecture, the term is applied to the semi-circular or polygonal section of the sanctuary at the liturgical east end beyond the altar....
and seven apse-chapels. The vaulting in the interior exceeds . in height.

The small Romanesque

Romanesque architecture

Romanesque architecture is the term that is used to describe the architecture of Middle Ages Europe which evolved into the Gothic architecture style beginning in the 12th century....
church of the tenth century known as the Basse Oeuvre occupies the site destined for the nave. Begun in 1247, under Bishop William of Grès (Guillaume de Grès, Guillaume de Grez), an extra were added to the height, to make it the tallest cathedral in Europe: the work was interrupted in 1284 by the collapse of the vaulting of the choir, a disaster that produced a temporary failure of nerve among the masons working in Gothic style. In 1573 the fall of a too-ambitious central tower stopped work again, after which little addition was made. The transept was built from 1500 to 1548.

Its façades, especially that on the south, exhibit all the richness of the late Gothic style. The carved wooden doors of both the north and the south portals are masterpieces respectively of Gothic and Renaissance

Renaissance

The Renaissance was a cultural movement that spanned roughly the 14th to the 17th century, beginning in Italy in the late Middle Ages and later spreading to the rest of Europe....
workmanship. The church possesses an elaborate astronomical clock

Astronomical clock

An astronomical clock is a clock with special mechanisms and dials to display astronomical information, such as the relative positions of the sun, moon, zodiacal constellations, and sometimes major planets....
(1866) and tapestries of the fifteenth and seventeenth centuries; but its chief artistic treasures are stained glass

Stained glass

For the Blackford Oakes novel, see Stained Glass The term stained glass can refer to the material of coloured glass or the craft of working with it....
windows of the thirteenth, fourteenth and sixteenth centuries, the most beautiful of them from the hand of the Renaissance artist, Engrand Le Prince, a native of Beauvais. To him also is due some of the stained glass in St. Etienne, the second church of the town, and an interesting example of the transition stage between the Romanesque and Gothic styles.

During the Middle Ages, on January 14, the Feast of Asses was celebrated in the Beauvais Cathedral, in commemoration of the Flight into Egypt.

Bishops of Beauvais

The early bishops of Beauvais are largely legendary, but a document records that the bishop who occupied the see from 632 to 660 was the thirteenth incumbent. The see, near Paris and the centers of power, was a desirable one, being a prince-bishopric with the style of évêque-comte ('bishop-count') of Beauvais, and one of the few ecclesiastical original Peers of the realm of France

Pairie

The French word pairie is the equivalent of the English word peerage, in the sense of an individual title carrying the rank of Pair , which derives from the Latin par 'equal', and signifies the members of an exclusive body of noblemen and prelates, considered to be the highest social order -not taking in account the dynasty- and eve...
of the kingdom, with the ceremonial privilege to bears the royal mantle at the coronation.

The most famous bishops of Beauvais are Odo of Beauvais (860-881) involved in a battle of prerogatives that was a foretaste of the Investiture Controversy

Investiture Controversy

The Investiture Controversy or Investiture Contest was an 11th century dispute between Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor and Pope Gregory VII over who would control appointments of church officials ....
; Gui (1063-85), who founded the great Beauvais school of theology at St. Quentin of Beauvais; Pierre Cauchon (1420-32), whose name is compromised in the condemnation of Joan of Arc

Joan of Arc

Saint Joan of Arc also known as the Maid of Orleans, is a national heroine of France and a Roman Catholic saint. A peasant girl born in eastern France, she led the French army to several important victories during the Hundred Years' War, claiming divine guidance, and was indirectly responsible for the coronation of Charles VII of Franc...
; Jean Juvenal des Ursins

Jean Juvénal des Ursins

Jean Juv?nal des Ursins was a notable France chronicler and historian. He wrote Histoire de Charles VI Roy de France, and is one of the main sources for information on the Battle of Agincourt....
(1433-44), the chronicler of Charles VI

Charles VI of France

Charles VI , called the Well-loved and the Mad , was the List of French monarchs from 1380 to 1399, as a member of the House of Valois....
; Odet Cardinal de Chatillon (1535-62), brother of admiral Coligny, who turned Protestant at the Reformation; Francois-Joseph de la Rochefoucauld (1772-92), who died in the Carmelite prison in 1792; and François Hyacinthe Jean Feutrier (1825-30), minister of ecclesiastical affairs in the Martignac cabinet.

Other highlights

In the Place de l'Hôtel de Ville and in the old streets near the cathedral there are several houses dating from the twelfth to the sixteenth centuries. The hotel de ville, close to which stands the statue of Jeanne Hachette, was built in 1752. The episcopal palace, now used as a court-house, was built in the sixteenth century, partly upon the Gallo-Roman fortifications.

Birthplace of the mathematician Henri Lebesgue

Henri Lebesgue

Henri L?on Lebesgue was a France mathematician, most famous for his theory of integral. Lebesgue's integration theory was originally published in his dissertation, A summary of Henri Lebesgue's dissertation , at the University of Nancy in 1902....
. In measure-theoretic analysis and related branches of mathematics, Lebesgue-Stieltjes integration generalizes Riemann-Stieltjes and Lebesgue integration, preserving the many advantages of the latter in a more general measure-theoretic framework.

Economy

The industry of Beauvais comprises, besides the state manufacture of tapestry

Tapestry

Tapestry is a form of textile art. It is Weaving by hand on a vertical loom. It is weft-faced weaving, in which all the warp threads are hidden in the completed work, unlike cloth weaving where both the warp and the weft threads may be visible....
, which dates from 1664, the manufacture of various kinds of cotton and woollen goods, brushes, toys, boots and shoes, and bricks and tiles. Market-gardening flourishes in the vicinity and an extensive trade is carried on in grain and wine.

The town is the seat of a bishop, a prefect and a court of assizes; it has tribunals of first instance and of commerce, together with a chamber of commerce, a branch of the Bank of France, a higher ecclesiastical seminary, a lycée and training colleges.

Beauvais also has a small airport, Beauvais Tillé, which is used by several low-cost carrier

Low-cost carrier

A low-cost carrier or low-cost airline is an airline that offers generally low fares in exchange for eliminating many traditional passenger services....
and charter airlines such as Ryanair

Ryanair

Ryanair is an Ireland Low-cost carrier airline, with headquarters in Dublin International Airport and its largest operational bases at Dublin International Airport and London Stansted Airport....
as a terminal for nearby Paris

Paris

Paris is the Capital of France and the country's largest city. It is situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the ?le-de-France Regions of France ....
, to which frequent shuttle buses run.

Sport

Beauvais is home to AS Beauvais Oise

AS Beauvais Oise

AS Beauvais Oise is a France football club based in Beauvais, founded in 1945. They play at the Stade Pierre Brisson in the Championnat National, the third highest tier of French football....
, a soccer club playing in the Championnat National

Championnat National

The Championnat de France National is the third highest division in Football in France, one division below Ligue 2, one above the Championnat de France Amateurs....
(as of 2006).

Twinning

- Witten (Germany

Germany

Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....
), since 1990 - Maidstone (United Kingdom

United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom , the UK or Britain,is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe....
) - Tczew

Tczew

Tczew [] is a town on the Vistula River in Eastern Pomerania, Kociewie, northern Poland with 60,128 inhabitants . It is an important junction with a classification yard dating to the Prussian Eastern Railway ....
(Poland

Poland

Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe. Poland is bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian Enclave and exclave, to the north....
)

External links

Diocese of Beauvais
Theories on the collapse of Beauvais cathedral