Ambassador of Russia to Austria
Encyclopedia
Russian–Austrian contacts
Austria–Russia relations
Austria–Russia relations refers to the political, economic and social relations between Austria and Russia and their predecessor states.- Early history :...

 began with Frederick III
Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor
Frederick the Peaceful KG was Duke of Austria as Frederick V from 1424, the successor of Albert II as German King as Frederick IV from 1440, and Holy Roman Emperor as Frederick III from 1452...

 in 1436, and towards the end of the 15th century, Emperor Maximilian I
Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor
Maximilian I , the son of Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor and Eleanor of Portugal, was King of the Romans from 1486 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1493 until his death, though he was never in fact crowned by the Pope, the journey to Rome always being too risky...

 and Ivan III
Ivan III of Russia
Ivan III Vasilyevich , also known as Ivan the Great, was a Grand Prince of Moscow and "Grand Prince of all Rus"...

 exchanged diplomatic mission
Diplomatic mission
A diplomatic mission is a group of people from one state or an international inter-governmental organisation present in another state to represent the sending state/organisation in the receiving state...

s. Regular Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...

n communications with the Austria
Austria
Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country of roughly 8.4 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the...

n court
Noble court
The court of a monarch, or at some periods an important nobleman, is a term for the extended household and all those who regularly attended on the ruler or central figure...

 began in 1698, when Peter the Great led the Grand Embassy
Grand Embassy of Peter I
The Grand Embassy was a Russian diplomatic mission, sent to Western Europe in 1697-1698 by Peter the Great....

 to Vienna
Vienna
Vienna is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.723 million , and is by far the largest city in Austria, as well as its cultural, economic, and political centre...

 and met with Kaiser
Holy Roman Emperor
The Holy Roman Emperor is a term used by historians to denote a medieval ruler who, as German King, had also received the title of "Emperor of the Romans" from the Pope...

 Leopold I
Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor
| style="float:right;" | Leopold I was a Holy Roman Emperor, King of Hungary and King of Bohemia. A member of the Habsburg family, he was the second son of Emperor Ferdinand III and his first wife, Maria Anna of Spain. His maternal grandparents were Philip III of Spain and Margaret of Austria...

. Since Peter the Great's reign, the ambassadors to Vienna have been typically senior government officials and experienced Russian diplomat
Diplomat
A diplomat is a person appointed by a state to conduct diplomacy with another state or international organization. The main functions of diplomats revolve around the representation and protection of the interests and nationals of the sending state, as well as the promotion of information and...

s, which have included Dmitry Golitsyn, Andrey Razumovsky, Alexander Gorchakov and Mikhail Petrovich Bestuzhev-Ryumin
Mikhail Petrovich Bestuzhev-Ryumin
Count Mikhail Petrovich Bestuzhev-Ryumin was a Russian diplomat. He was the son of Pyotr Bestuzhev and elder brother of the more famous Aleksey Bestuzhev....

.

The first ambassador to the Austrian capital was Prince Dmitriy Vladimirovich Golitsyn
Dmitriy Vladimirovich Golitsyn
Serene Prince Dmitriy Vladimirovich Golitsyn was a Russian cavalry general prominent during the Napoleonic Wars, statesman and military writer....

, where during the period 1763 to 1792 he served for 18 years. Gallitzinstraße, the street where his ambassadorial villa was located is named after him. In 1792 Count Andrey Kirillovich Razumovsky became ambassador in Vienna, where he kept contact with representatives of the European aristocracy
Aristocracy
Aristocracy , is a form of government in which a few elite citizens rule. The term derives from the Greek aristokratia, meaning "rule of the best". In origin in Ancient Greece, it was conceived of as rule by the best qualified citizens, and contrasted with monarchy...

, politicians and artists. While in Vienna, he built the Palais Rasumofsky
Palais Rasumofsky
Palais Rasumofsky is a palace in Vienna, Austria.The palace was commissioned by Prince Andrey Kyrillovich Razumovsky as a Neoclassic embassy worthy of the representative of Alexander I. It was built at the prince's own expense and to the designs of Louis Montoyer, in Landstraße, close to the...

, and also financed construction of a stone bridge across the Danube
Danube
The Danube is a river in the Central Europe and the Europe's second longest river after the Volga. It is classified as an international waterway....

. As a patron of the arts
Patronage
Patronage is the support, encouragement, privilege, or financial aid that an organization or individual bestows to another. In the history of art, arts patronage refers to the support that kings or popes have provided to musicians, painters, and sculptors...

, Razumovsky established an art gallery, and commissioned Beethoven to compose the famous Razumovsky string quartets
String Quartets Nos. 7 - 9, Opus 59 - Rasumovsky (Beethoven)
The three "Rasoumovsky" string quartets, opus 59, are the quartets Ludwig van Beethoven wrote in 1806, as a result of a commission by the Russian ambassador in Vienna, Count Andreas Razumovsky:*String Quartet No. 7 in F major, Op. 59, No. 1...

.

Austria is closely linked to the fate of prominent Russian diplomat and statesman
Statesman
A statesman is usually a politician or other notable public figure who has had a long and respected career in politics or government at the national and international level. As a term of respect, it is usually left to supporters or commentators to use the term...

 Prince Alexander Mikhailovich Gorchakov. He arrived in Vienna in 1833 as an adviser to the embassy, and from 1854 to 1856 he led the Russian diplomatic mission. Gorchakov became Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the Austrian court
Habsburg Monarchy
The Habsburg Monarchy covered the territories ruled by the junior Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg , and then by the successor House of Habsburg-Lorraine , between 1526 and 1867/1918. The Imperial capital was Vienna, except from 1583 to 1611, when it was moved to Prague...

 at the most difficult period for Russia during the Crimean War
Crimean War
The Crimean War was a conflict fought between the Russian Empire and an alliance of the French Empire, the British Empire, the Ottoman Empire, and the Kingdom of Sardinia. The war was part of a long-running contest between the major European powers for influence over territories of the declining...

, during which time he was able to preserve diplomatic relations with Austria and helped to overcome the international isolation
International isolation
International isolation is a penalty applied by the international community or a sizeable or powerful group of countries, like the United Nations, towards one nation, government or people group...

 of the Russian Empire
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was the successor to the Tsardom of Russia and the predecessor of the Soviet Union...

 and reinforced Russia's status as a great power
Great power
A great power is a nation or state that has the ability to exert its influence on a global scale. Great powers characteristically possess military and economic strength and diplomatic and cultural influence which may cause small powers to consider the opinions of great powers before taking actions...

. The Vienna Conference in 1855 was the first presence of Gorchakov in an international forum, and his performance in representing Russia at the Paris Conference of 1856
Treaty of Paris (1856)
The Treaty of Paris of 1856 settled the Crimean War between Russia and an alliance of the Ottoman Empire, the British Empire, Second French Empire, and the Kingdom of Sardinia. The treaty, signed on March 30, 1856 at the Congress of Paris, made the Black Sea neutral territory, closing it to all...

 saw Alexander II
Alexander II of Russia
Alexander II , also known as Alexander the Liberator was the Emperor of the Russian Empire from 3 March 1855 until his assassination in 1881...

 appoint him as Russian Minister of Foreign Affairs.

In 1882, scientist and diplomat Prince Aleksey Borisovich Lobanov-Rostovsky was appointed as the Empire's representative in Vienna. In 1891 he bought several houses on Reisnerstraße from Adolphe I, Grand Duke of Luxembourg, the former Duke of Nassau, which still houses the embassy and consular section in Vienna
Embassy of Russia in Vienna
The Embassy of Russia in Vienna is the diplomatic mission of the Russian Federation to the Republic of Austria. The chancery is located at Reisnerstraße 45-47 in the Landstraße district of Vienna.- History of the chancery :...

, and he also began construction of the Nicholas Orthodox Cathedral.

After the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian
Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary , more formally known as the Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council and the Lands of the Holy Hungarian Crown of Saint Stephen, was a constitutional monarchic union between the crowns of the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary in...

 monarchy
Emperor of Austria
The Emperor of Austria was a hereditary imperial title and position proclaimed in 1804 by the Holy Roman Emperor Francis II, a member of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine, and continually held by him and his heirs until the last emperor relinquished power in 1918. The emperors retained the title of...

 in 1918 and the proclamation of the First Austrian Republic
First Austrian Republic
The Republic of Austria encompasses the period of Austrian history following the signing of the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye of September 1919, the settlement after the end of World War I which put an end to the Republic of German Austria, continuing up to World War II...

, diplomatic relations with the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics were established on 25 February 1924. The first Soviet Plenipotentiary
Plenipotentiary
The word plenipotentiary has two meanings. As a noun, it refers to a person who has "full powers." In particular, the term commonly refers to a diplomat fully authorized to represent his government as a prerogative...

 in Vienna was Yan Antonovich Berzin. Diplomatic relations were broken in March 1938 after the German invasion of Austria
Anschluss
The Anschluss , also known as the ', was the occupation and annexation of Austria into Nazi Germany in 1938....

 and its incorporation into Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany , also known as the Third Reich , but officially called German Reich from 1933 to 1943 and Greater German Reich from 26 June 1943 onward, is the name commonly used to refer to the state of Germany from 1933 to 1945, when it was a totalitarian dictatorship ruled by...

. After the Second World War, the USSR and Austria re-established diplomatic relations at the level of political representation, which in 1953 was converted into embassies. The preamble of the Austrian State Treaty
Austrian State Treaty
The Austrian State Treaty or Austrian Independence Treaty re-established Austria as a sovereign state. It was signed on May 15, 1955, in Vienna at the Schloss Belvedere among the Allied occupying powers and the Austrian government...

, signed on 15 May 1955 by the USSR, United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...

, United Kingdom
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...

, France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...

 and Austria, established that the treaty formed the basis of Soviet relations with Austria.

After the dissolution of the Soviet Union
Dissolution of the Soviet Union
The dissolution of the Soviet Union was the disintegration of the federal political structures and central government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , resulting in the independence of all fifteen republics of the Soviet Union between March 11, 1990 and December 25, 1991...

, relations continued between the Russian Federation and the Austrian state
Austria–Russia relations
Austria–Russia relations refers to the political, economic and social relations between Austria and Russia and their predecessor states.- Early history :...

.

Ambassadors of the Russian Empire to the Holy Roman Emperor

Name Photo Title Date from Date until
Dmitry Mikhailovich Golitsyn  Ambassador October 1761 April 1792
Andrey Kirillovich Razumovsky  Ambassador 5 October 1801 10 August 1804
Source: Embassy of Russia in Vienna
Embassy of Russia in Vienna
The Embassy of Russia in Vienna is the diplomatic mission of the Russian Federation to the Republic of Austria. The chancery is located at Reisnerstraße 45-47 in the Landstraße district of Vienna.- History of the chancery :...

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            Worldwide Historical Project

Ambassadors of the Russian Empire to the Austrian Empire

Name Photo Title Date from Date until
Razumovsky AndreyAndrey Kirillovich Razumovsky  Ambassador 11 August 1804 7 September 1806
Gustav Ernst Graf von Stackelberg
Gustav Ernst von Stackelberg
Graf Gustav Ernst von Stackelberg was a Russian diplomat of Baltic-German descent, and was the son of Otto Magnus von Stackelberg....

 
Ambassador 14 May 1810 9 November 1818
Yury Aleksandrovich Golovkin  Envoy 9 November 1818 16 September 1822
Dmitry Pavlovich Tatishchev
Dmitry Tatishchev
Dmitry Pavlovich Tatischev , was a Russian privy councillor, junker and diplomat.In 1799 he was appointed as a member of the Board of Foreign Affairs, and in 1810 he was appointed as a Senator of the State Council. In June 1802 Tatishchev was appointed an Envoy to the Court of the Kingdom of...

 
Ambassador 22 August 1826 11 September 1841
Pavel Ivanovich Medem
Pavel Medem
Count Pavel Ivanovich Medem was a Russian diplomat and privy councillor.Pavel Medem held the post of Counsellor of Embassy in Paris, then charge d'affaires in London , then envoy in Stuttgart and Darmstadt and later Austria ....

 
Envoy 24 December 1848 31 August 1850
Pyotr Kazimirovich Meyendorf  Envoy 31 August 1850 7 January 1854
Aleksandr Mikhailovich Gorchakov  Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary 6 May 1854 15 April 1856
Viktor Petrovich Balabin  Envoy 22 July 1860 12 August 1864
Ernest Gustavovich Stackelberg
Ernest Stackelberg
Count Ernst Johann von Stackelberg was a Baltic German military figure and diplomat.After having received home education, Ernest Stackelberg entered military service in 1832 as a feuerwerker in Leib Guard horse artillery. In 1833, he was promoted to junker and then warrant officer a year later...

 
Envoy 3 August 1864 28 May 1867
Source: Embassy of Russia in Vienna
Embassy of Russia in Vienna
The Embassy of Russia in Vienna is the diplomatic mission of the Russian Federation to the Republic of Austria. The chancery is located at Reisnerstraße 45-47 in the Landstraße district of Vienna.- History of the chancery :...

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            Worldwide Historical Project

Ambassadors of the Russian Empire to the Austro-Hungarian Empire

Name Photo Title Date from Date until
Ernest Gustavovich Stackelberg
Ernest Stackelberg
Count Ernst Johann von Stackelberg was a Baltic German military figure and diplomat.After having received home education, Ernest Stackelberg entered military service in 1832 as a feuerwerker in Leib Guard horse artillery. In 1833, he was promoted to junker and then warrant officer a year later...

 
Envoy 29 May 1867 25 April 1868
Nikolay Alekseyevich Orlov
Nikolay Orlov
-References:...

 
Envoy 13 December 1869 2 May 1870
Yevgeny Petrovich Novikov  Ambassador 2 March 1874 22 December 1879
Pavel Petrovich Ubri
Pavel Ubri
Graf Pavel Petrovich Ubri was a Russian diplomat.As First Adviser of the Embassy of Russia in Vienna, Ubri was the right-hand of Prince Alexander Gorchakov in the lead up of the Crimean War during the Vienna Conference of 1853...

 
Ambassador 22 December 1879 1 June 1882
Aleksey Borisovich Lobanov-Rostovsky  Ambassador 13 July 1882 6 January 1895
Pyotr Alekseyevich Kapnist  Ambassador 9 April 1895 1904
Lev Pavlovich Urusov
Lev Urusov
Prince Lev Vladimirovich Urusov was a Russian diplomat. From 1910 till his death he was a member of International Olympic Committee.Lev Urusov was born in the family of State Councillor and Chamberlain Vladimir Pavlovich Urusov. In 1898 he graduated from Alexandrovski Lyceum in Saint Petersburg...

 
Ambassador 1905 1910
Source: Embassy of Russia in Vienna
Embassy of Russia in Vienna
The Embassy of Russia in Vienna is the diplomatic mission of the Russian Federation to the Republic of Austria. The chancery is located at Reisnerstraße 45-47 in the Landstraße district of Vienna.- History of the chancery :...

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            Worldwide Historical Project

Ambassadors of the Soviet Union to the Federal State of Austria

Name Photo Title Date from Date until
Voldemar Khristianovich Aussem  Plenipotentiary Representative 21 May 1924 10 December 1924
Adolf Abramovich Ioffe  Plenipotentiary Representative 12 December 1924 19 June 1925
Yan Antonovich Berzin  Plenipotentiary 19 June 1925 7 September 1927
Konstantin Konstantinovich Yurenev
Konstantin Yurenev
Konstantin Konstantinovich Yurenev , also known as Konstantin Konstantinovich Krotovsky , was a Soviet politician and diplomat....

 
Plenipotentiary 1 October 1927 24 January 1933
Adolf Markovich Petrovsky
Adolf Petrovsky
Adolf Markovich Petrovsky was a Soviet diplomat.From 10 December 1924 until 31 January 1930, Petrovsky was the Plenipotentiary Representative of the Soviet Union in Estonia; from 31 January 1930 to 21 December 1930 he was Plenipotentiary Representative of the USSR in Lithuania; from 21 December...

 
Plenipotentiary 1 April 1933 10 November 1934
Ivan Leopoldovich Lorents
Ivan Lorents
Ivan Leopoldovich Lorents was a Polish-born Soviet diplomat. He was born 2 October 1890 in Lodz, Piotrków Governorate and died 28 July 1941....

 
Plenipotentiary 17 March 1935 31 September 1938
Source: Embassy of Russia in Vienna
Embassy of Russia in Vienna
The Embassy of Russia in Vienna is the diplomatic mission of the Russian Federation to the Republic of Austria. The chancery is located at Reisnerstraße 45-47 in the Landstraße district of Vienna.- History of the chancery :...

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            Worldwide Historical Project

Ambassadors of the Soviet Union to the Republic of Austria

Name Photo Title Date from Date until
Ivan Ivanovich Ilyichev
Ivan Ilyichev
Ivan Ivanovich Ilyichev , , was a Soviet military official, and in later life a diplomat....

 
Supreme Commissar of the USSR
Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
13 June 1953
27 May 1955
26 May 1955
31 March 1956
Andrey Andreyevich Smirnov
Andrey Andreyevich Smirnov
Andrey Andreyevich Smirnov , , was a Soviet career diplomat.Smirnov graduated from the Leningrad Institute of Planning in 1934, and joined the People's Commissariat of Foreign Affairs in 1936...

 
Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary 31 March 1956 14 October 1956
Sergey Georgyevich Lapin  Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary 19 October 1956 16 June 1960
Viktor Ivanovich Avilov
Viktor Avilov
Viktor Ivanovich Avilov was a Russian diplomat.Avilov graduated from Saratov University in 1928 and went on to study at the Higher Diplomatic School of the People's Commissariat of Foreign Affairs...

 
Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary 16 June 1960 13 June 1965
Boris Fedorovich Podtserob
Boris Podtserob
Boris Fedorovich Podtserob , , was a Soviet career diplomat.From 1937 he was employed in the People's Commissariat of Foreign Affairs. From 19431949 he was the Senior Assistant to Vyacheslav Molotov, the People's Commissar of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, during which time he participated at the...

 
Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary 30 June 1965 20 September 1971
Averky Borisovich Aristov
Averky Aristov
Averky Borisovich Aristov — 11 July 1973) was a Soviet politician and diplomat.He was the son of a fisherman, working for a fishery during 1912 - 1919. In 1919 he joined the Komsomol and 1921 he became a member of the Bolshevik Party...

 
Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary 20 September 1971 11 July 1973
Mikhail Timofeyevich Yefremov
Mikhail Timofeyevich Yefremov
Mikhail Timofeyevich Yefremov , was a Soviet politician and diplomat....

 
Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary 10 March 1975 24 October 1986
Gennady Serafimovich Shikin
Gennady Shikin
Gennady Serafimovich Shikin , born 30 August 1938, is a Soviet and Russian diplomat.From 24 October 1986 to 24 May 1990, Shikin was Ambassador of the Soviet Union to Austria, and from 25 December 1991 to 29 January 1996 he was Ambassador of Russia to Yugoslavia.-References:...

 
Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary 24 October 1986 24 May 1990
Valery Nikolayevich Popov
Valery Nikolayevich Popov
Valery Nikolayevich Popov is a Russian diplomat and from 24 May 1990 to 25 December 1991 was the Ambassador of the Soviet Union to Austria, and from 25 December 1991 to 30 August 1996 was Ambassador of Russia to Austria.- References :...

 
Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary 24 May 1990 25 December 1991
Source: Embassy of Russia in Vienna
Embassy of Russia in Vienna
The Embassy of Russia in Vienna is the diplomatic mission of the Russian Federation to the Republic of Austria. The chancery is located at Reisnerstraße 45-47 in the Landstraße district of Vienna.- History of the chancery :...

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            Worldwide Historical Project

Ambassadors of the Russian Federation to the Republic of Austria

Name Photo Title Date from Date until
Valery Nikolayevich Popov
Valery Nikolayevich Popov
Valery Nikolayevich Popov is a Russian diplomat and from 24 May 1990 to 25 December 1991 was the Ambassador of the Soviet Union to Austria, and from 25 December 1991 to 30 August 1996 was Ambassador of Russia to Austria.- References :...

 
Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary 25 December 1991 30 August 1996
Vladimir Mikhailovich Grinin
Vladimir Grinin
Vladimir Mikhailovich Grinin , born 15 November 1947, is a Russian career diplomat.After graduating from the Moscow State Institute of International Relations in 1971 he commenced diplomatic work, working at the Soviet Embassy in West Germany from 19731980...

 
Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary 30 August 1996 29 April 2000
Alexander Vasiliyevich Golovin
Alexander Vasiliyevich Golovin
Alexander Vasiliyevich Golovin , born 5 September 1949 is a Russian diplomat with the diplomatic rank of Plenipotentiary Ambassador.Golovin graduated from the Moscow State Institute of International Relations in 1971, and went on to work in various posts with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the...

 
Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary 4 August 2000 6 August 2004
Stanislav Viliorovich Osadchy  Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary 14 September 2004 Present
Source: Embassy of Russia in Vienna
Embassy of Russia in Vienna
The Embassy of Russia in Vienna is the diplomatic mission of the Russian Federation to the Republic of Austria. The chancery is located at Reisnerstraße 45-47 in the Landstraße district of Vienna.- History of the chancery :...

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            Worldwide Historical Project

External links

Embassy of Russia to Austria
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