Voldemar Aussem
Encyclopedia
Voldemar Khristianovich Aussem , (born in Oryol
, died 1936), was a nobleman
, communist official and Soviet diplomat
.
From 1899 he studied at the Kharkov Institute of Technology until his arrest in 1901, the same year in which he joined the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party
, after which he was sentenced to administrative exile to Oryol.
From 19141917 he served in the Russian Army
, and after the October Revolution
he served in various capacities of the communist hierarchy in Ukraine
. On 30 November 1918 he became Chief of Staff of the 2nd Ukrainian Army, from 19191920 he was in the Revolutionary Military Council
.
In 1921 he was posted to Berlin
as the Plenipotentiary Representative of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic to Germany
, until 16 July 1923 when the representation was switched to the People's Commissariat of Foreign Affairs, which saw him staying in Germany as Adviser to the Plenipotentiary
of the USSR. On 21 May 1924 he was posted to Vienna
as Plenipotentiary Representative of the Soviet Union in Austria
, and stayed in the Austria
n capital until 10 December 1924.
After the completion of his mission
in Austria, he returned to the Ukrainian SSR
and became Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the National Economy in that Republic
, until 1926 when he became the Trade Representative of the USSR in Turkey
.
In December 1927 he was expelled from the All-Union Communist Party (bolsheviks)
, and at some stage became Scientific Secretary of the Krasnodar
Regional Planning Commission until May 1929, when he was arrested, and sentenced in 1930 to 3 years exile in the Kazakh Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.
He was released in 1932, and became chief of the Chemical division of the Orlyov Sanitary Biological Institute, until his arrest again on 15 January 1933, whereby he was sentenced to another 3 years of exile in Astrakhan
. He was released in 1936.
Oryol
Oryol or Orel is a city and the administrative center of Oryol Oblast, Russia, located on the Oka River, approximately south-southwest of Moscow...
, died 1936), was a nobleman
Nobility
Nobility is a social class which possesses more acknowledged privileges or eminence than members of most other classes in a society, membership therein typically being hereditary. The privileges associated with nobility may constitute substantial advantages over or relative to non-nobles, or may be...
, communist official and Soviet diplomat
Diplomat
A diplomat is a person appointed by a state to conduct diplomacy with another state or international organization. The main functions of diplomats revolve around the representation and protection of the interests and nationals of the sending state, as well as the promotion of information and...
.
From 1899 he studied at the Kharkov Institute of Technology until his arrest in 1901, the same year in which he joined the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party
Russian Social Democratic Labour Party
The Russian Social Democratic Labour Party , also known as Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party or Russian Social Democratic Party, was a revolutionary socialist Russian political party formed in 1898 in Minsk to unite the various revolutionary organizations into one party...
, after which he was sentenced to administrative exile to Oryol.
From 19141917 he served in the Russian Army
Imperial Russian Army
The Imperial Russian Army was the land armed force of the Russian Empire, active from around 1721 to the Russian Revolution of 1917. In the early 1850s, the Russian army consisted of around 938,731 regular soldiers and 245,850 irregulars . Until the time of military reform of Dmitry Milyutin in...
, and after the October Revolution
October Revolution
The October Revolution , also known as the Great October Socialist Revolution , Red October, the October Uprising or the Bolshevik Revolution, was a political revolution and a part of the Russian Revolution of 1917...
he served in various capacities of the communist hierarchy in Ukraine
Ukraine
Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after Russia...
. On 30 November 1918 he became Chief of Staff of the 2nd Ukrainian Army, from 19191920 he was in the Revolutionary Military Council
Revolutionary Military Council
Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic or Revvoyensoviet Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic or Revvoyensoviet Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic or Revvoyensoviet (Революционный Военный Совет, Revolyutsionny Voyenny Sovyet; Реввоенсовет, Revvoyensovyet; also...
.
In 1921 he was posted to Berlin
Berlin
Berlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union...
as the Plenipotentiary Representative of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic to Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
, until 16 July 1923 when the representation was switched to the People's Commissariat of Foreign Affairs, which saw him staying in Germany as Adviser to the Plenipotentiary
Plenipotentiary
The word plenipotentiary has two meanings. As a noun, it refers to a person who has "full powers." In particular, the term commonly refers to a diplomat fully authorized to represent his government as a prerogative...
of the USSR. On 21 May 1924 he was posted to Vienna
Vienna
Vienna is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.723 million , and is by far the largest city in Austria, as well as its cultural, economic, and political centre...
as Plenipotentiary Representative of the Soviet Union in Austria
Ambassador of Russia to Austria
Russian–Austrian contacts began with Frederick III in 1436, and towards the end of the 15th century, Emperor Maximilian I and Ivan III exchanged diplomatic missions. Regular Russian communications with the Austrian court began in 1698, when Peter the Great led the Grand Embassy to Vienna and met...
, and stayed in the Austria
Austria
Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country of roughly 8.4 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the...
n capital until 10 December 1924.
After the completion of his mission
Diplomatic mission
A diplomatic mission is a group of people from one state or an international inter-governmental organisation present in another state to represent the sending state/organisation in the receiving state...
in Austria, he returned to the Ukrainian SSR
Ukrainian SSR
The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic or in short, the Ukrainian SSR was a sovereign Soviet Socialist state and one of the fifteen constituent republics of the Soviet Union lasting from its inception in 1922 to the breakup in 1991...
and became Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the National Economy in that Republic
Republics of the Soviet Union
The Republics of the Soviet Union or the Union Republics of the Soviet Union were ethnically-based administrative units that were subordinated directly to the Government of the Soviet Union...
, until 1926 when he became the Trade Representative of the USSR in Turkey
Turkey
Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country located in Western Asia and in East Thrace in Southeastern Europe...
.
In December 1927 he was expelled from the All-Union Communist Party (bolsheviks)
Communist Party of the Soviet Union
The Communist Party of the Soviet Union was the only legal, ruling political party in the Soviet Union and one of the largest communist organizations in the world...
, and at some stage became Scientific Secretary of the Krasnodar
Krasnodar
Krasnodar is a city in Southern Russia, located on the Kuban River about northeast of the Black Sea port of Novorossiysk. It is the administrative center of Krasnodar Krai . Population: -Name:...
Regional Planning Commission until May 1929, when he was arrested, and sentenced in 1930 to 3 years exile in the Kazakh Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.
He was released in 1932, and became chief of the Chemical division of the Orlyov Sanitary Biological Institute, until his arrest again on 15 January 1933, whereby he was sentenced to another 3 years of exile in Astrakhan
Astrakhan
Astrakhan is a major city in southern European Russia and the administrative center of Astrakhan Oblast. The city lies on the left bank of the Volga River, close to where it discharges into the Caspian Sea at an altitude of below the sea level. Population:...
. He was released in 1936.