-ose

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-ose

The suffix

Affix

An affix is a morpheme that is attached to a word stem to form a new word. Affixes may be derivation , like English -ness and pre-, or inflectional, like English plural -s and past tense -ed....
-ose is used in biochemistry

Biochemistry

Biochemistry is the study of the chemistry processes in living organisms. It deals with the structure and function of cellular components such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and other biomolecules....
to form the names of sugar

Sugar

Sugar is a class of edible crystalline substances, mainly sucrose, lactose, and fructose. Human taste buds interpret its flavor as sweet. Sugar as a basic food carbohydrate primarily comes from sugar cane and from sugar beet, but also appears in fruit, honey, sorghum, sugar maple , and in many other sources....
s. Numerous systems exist to name specific sugars more descriptively.

Monosaccharide

Monosaccharide

Monosaccharides are the most basic unit of carbohydrates. They are the simplest form of sugar and are usually colorless, water-soluble, crystal solids....
s, the simplest sugars, may be named according to the number of carbon

Carbon

Carbon is a chemical element with chemical symbol C and atomic number 6. As a member of group 14 on the periodic table, it is nonmetallic and tetravalence?making four electrons available to form covalent bond chemical bonds....
atoms in each molecule of the sugar: pentose

Pentose

A pentose is a monosaccharide with five carbon atoms.They either have an aldehyde functional group in position 1 , or a ketone functional group in position 2 ....
is a five-carbon monosaccharide, and hexose

Hexose

In organic chemistry, a hexose is a monosaccharide with six carbon atoms, having the chemical formula C6H12O6. Hexoses are classified by functional group, with aldohexoses having an aldehyde at position 1, and ketohexoses having a ketone at position 2....
is a six-carbon monosaccharide. Aldehyde

Aldehyde

An aldehyde is an organic compound containing a terminal carbonyl group. This functional group, which consists of a carbon atom bonded to a hydrogen atom and double bond to an oxygen atom , is called the aldehyde group....
monosaccharides may be called aldose

Aldose

An aldose is a monosaccharide containing one aldehyde group per molecule and having a chemical formula of the form Cnn....
s; ketone

Ketone

In organic chemistry, a ketone is a type of organic compound which contains a carbonyl group bonded to two other carbon atoms in the form:Neither of the substituents R1 and R2 may be equal to hydrogen ....
monosaccharides may be called ketose

Ketose

A ketose is a sugar containing one ketone group per molecule.With 3 carbon atoms, dihydroxyacetone is the simplest of all ketoses and is the only one having no optical activity....
s.

Larger sugars such as disaccharide

Disaccharide

A disaccharide is a sugar composed of two monosaccharides.'Disaccharide' is one of the four chemical groupings of carbohydrates ....
s and polysaccharide

Polysaccharide

Polysaccharides are relatively complex carbohydrates. They are polymers made up of many monosaccharides joined together by glycosidic bonds. They are therefore very large, often branched, macromolecules....
s can be named to reflect their qualities.

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Encyclopedia

The suffix

Affix

Biochemistry

Sugar

Monosaccharide

Carbon

Pentose

Hexose

Aldehyde

Aldose

An aldose is a monosaccharide containing one aldehyde group per molecule and having a chemical formula of the form Cnn....
s; ketone

Ketone

Ketose

Disaccharide

A disaccharide is a sugar composed of two monosaccharides.'Disaccharide' is one of the four chemical groupings of carbohydrates ....
s and polysaccharide

Polysaccharide

Lactose

Lactose is a sugar that is found most notably in milk. Lactose makes up around 2?8% of milk . The name comes from the Latin word for milk, plus the -ose ending used to name sugars....
, a disaccharide found in milk

Milk

Milk is an opaque white liquid produced by the mammary glands of female mammals . It provides the primary source of nutrition for newborn mammals before they are able to digestion other types of food....
, gets its name from the Latin

Latin

Latin is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Through the Military history of the Roman Empire, Latin spread throughout the Mediterranean and a large part of Europe....
word for milk combined with the sugar suffix; its name means "milk sugar". The polysaccharide that makes up plant starch

Starch

File:Amylose2.svgFile:Amylopektin Sessel.svgStarch or amylum is a polysaccharide carbohydrate consisting of a large number of glucose units joined together by glycosidic bonds....
is named amylose

Amylose

Amylose is a linear polymer of glucose linked mainly by a bonds. It can be made of several thousand glucose units. It is one of the two components of starch, the other being amylopectin....
, or "starch sugar"; see amyl#Etymology

Amyl

The word or root amyl has two meanings, in organic chemistry and biochemistry....
.

There are these theories about the origin of the -ose suffix:-

Extracted from glucose
Glucose

Glucose , a monosaccharide also known as grape sugar, blood sugar, or corn sugar, is a very important carbohydrate in biology....
, an important hexose whose name came from Greek ?????? = "sweet".
Extracted from sucrose
Sucrose

Sucrose is a disaccharide of glucose and fructose, with the molecular formula C12H22O11. Its systematic name is a-D-glucopyranosyl- -?-D-fructofuranoside ....
, whose name came from Latin sucrum = "sugar" plus the common Latin adjective-forming suffix -osus; Latin sucrosus would mean "sugary".