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Aldose
 
 
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An aldose is a monosaccharide
Monosaccharide

Monosaccharides are the most basic unit of carbohydrates. They are the simplest form of sugar and are usually colorless, water-soluble, crystal solids....
 (a simple sugar
Sugar

Sugar is a class of edible crystalline substances, mainly sucrose, lactose, and fructose. Human taste buds interpret its flavor as sweet. Sugar as a basic food carbohydrate primarily comes from sugar cane and from sugar beet, but also appears in fruit, honey, sorghum, sugar maple , and in many other sources....
) containing one aldehyde
Aldehyde

An aldehyde is an organic compound containing a terminal carbonyl group. This functional group, which consists of a carbon atom bonded to a hydrogen atom and double bond to an oxygen atom , is called the aldehyde group....
 group per molecule
Molecule

In chemistry, a molecule is defined as a sufficiently stable, electric charge neutral group of at least two atoms in a definite arrangement held together by very strong chemical bonds....
 and having a chemical formula
Chemical formula

A chemical formula is a way of expressing information about the atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound, and how the relationship between those atoms changes in chemical reactions....
 of the form Cn(H2O)n.

With only two carbon
Carbon

Carbon is a chemical element with chemical symbol C and atomic number 6. As a member of group 14 on the periodic table, it is nonmetallic and tetravalence?making four electrons available to form covalent bond chemical bonds....
 atom
Atom

|-! bgcolor=gray | Properties|-||}The atom is a basic unit of matter consisting of a dense, central atomic nucleus surrounded by a electron cloud of electric charge electrons....
s, glycolaldehyde
Glycolaldehyde

Glycolaldehyde is the smallest possible molecule that contains both an aldehyde group and a hydroxyl. It is the only possible diose, a 2-carbon monosaccharide, although a diose is not strictly a saccharide....
 is the simplest of all aldoses.

Aldoses isomer
Isomer

In chemistry, isomers are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae. Isomers do not necessarily share similar properties unless they also have the same functional groups....
ize to ketose
Ketose

A ketose is a sugar containing one ketone group per molecule.With 3 carbon atoms, dihydroxyacetone is the simplest of all ketoses and is the only one having no optical activity....
s in the Lobry-de Bruyn-van Ekenstein transformation
Lobry-de Bruyn-van Ekenstein transformation

The Lobry-de Bruyn-van Ekenstein transformation also known as the Lobry-de Bruyn-van-Alberda-van-Ekenstein transformation is a base catalysis Aldose-Ketose-Isomer in carbohydrate chemistry ...
. Aldose differs from ketose in that it has a carbonyl
Carbonyl

In organic chemistry, a carbonyl group is a functional group composed of a carbon atom double bond to an oxygen atom : C=O.The term carbonyl can also refer to carbon monoxide as a ligand in an inorganic or organometallic complex ; in this situation, carbon is triple-bonded to oxygen : C=O....
 group at the end of the carbon chain whereas the carbonyl group of a ketose is in the middle; this fact allows them to be chemically differentiated through Seliwanoff's test
Seliwanoff's test

Seliwanoff?s test is a chemical test which distinguishes between aldose and ketose sugars. Ketoses are distinguished from aldoses via their ketone/aldehyde functionality....
.








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An aldose is a monosaccharide
Monosaccharide

Monosaccharides are the most basic unit of carbohydrates. They are the simplest form of sugar and are usually colorless, water-soluble, crystal solids....
 (a simple sugar
Sugar

Sugar is a class of edible crystalline substances, mainly sucrose, lactose, and fructose. Human taste buds interpret its flavor as sweet. Sugar as a basic food carbohydrate primarily comes from sugar cane and from sugar beet, but also appears in fruit, honey, sorghum, sugar maple , and in many other sources....
) containing one aldehyde
Aldehyde

An aldehyde is an organic compound containing a terminal carbonyl group. This functional group, which consists of a carbon atom bonded to a hydrogen atom and double bond to an oxygen atom , is called the aldehyde group....
 group per molecule
Molecule

In chemistry, a molecule is defined as a sufficiently stable, electric charge neutral group of at least two atoms in a definite arrangement held together by very strong chemical bonds....
 and having a chemical formula
Chemical formula

A chemical formula is a way of expressing information about the atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound, and how the relationship between those atoms changes in chemical reactions....
 of the form Cn(H2O)n.

With only two carbon
Carbon

Carbon is a chemical element with chemical symbol C and atomic number 6. As a member of group 14 on the periodic table, it is nonmetallic and tetravalence?making four electrons available to form covalent bond chemical bonds....
 atom
Atom

|-! bgcolor=gray | Properties|-||}The atom is a basic unit of matter consisting of a dense, central atomic nucleus surrounded by a electron cloud of electric charge electrons....
s, glycolaldehyde
Glycolaldehyde

Glycolaldehyde is the smallest possible molecule that contains both an aldehyde group and a hydroxyl. It is the only possible diose, a 2-carbon monosaccharide, although a diose is not strictly a saccharide....
 is the simplest of all aldoses.

Aldoses isomer
Isomer

In chemistry, isomers are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae. Isomers do not necessarily share similar properties unless they also have the same functional groups....
ize to ketose
Ketose

A ketose is a sugar containing one ketone group per molecule.With 3 carbon atoms, dihydroxyacetone is the simplest of all ketoses and is the only one having no optical activity....
s in the Lobry-de Bruyn-van Ekenstein transformation
Lobry-de Bruyn-van Ekenstein transformation

The Lobry-de Bruyn-van Ekenstein transformation also known as the Lobry-de Bruyn-van-Alberda-van-Ekenstein transformation is a base catalysis Aldose-Ketose-Isomer in carbohydrate chemistry ...
. Aldose differs from ketose in that it has a carbonyl
Carbonyl

In organic chemistry, a carbonyl group is a functional group composed of a carbon atom double bond to an oxygen atom : C=O.The term carbonyl can also refer to carbon monoxide as a ligand in an inorganic or organometallic complex ; in this situation, carbon is triple-bonded to oxygen : C=O....
 group at the end of the carbon chain whereas the carbonyl group of a ketose is in the middle; this fact allows them to be chemically differentiated through Seliwanoff's test
Seliwanoff's test

Seliwanoff?s test is a chemical test which distinguishes between aldose and ketose sugars. Ketoses are distinguished from aldoses via their ketone/aldehyde functionality....
.

List of aldoses

  • Diose
    Diose

    A diose is a monosaccharide containing two carbon atoms. Because the general chemical formula of an unmodified monosaccharide is n, where n is three or greater, it does not meet the formal definition of a monosaccharide....
    : glycolaldehyde
    Glycolaldehyde

    Glycolaldehyde is the smallest possible molecule that contains both an aldehyde group and a hydroxyl. It is the only possible diose, a 2-carbon monosaccharide, although a diose is not strictly a saccharide....
  • Triose
    Triose

    A triose is a monosaccharide containing three carbon atoms. There are only two trioses, an aldotriose and a ketotriose . Trioses are important in Cellular respiration....
    : glyceraldehyde
    Glyceraldehyde

    Glyceraldehyde is a triose monosaccharide with chemical formula Carbon3Hydrogen6Oxygen3. It is the simplest of all common aldoses....
  • Tetrose
    Tetrose

    A tetrose is a monosaccharide with 4 carbon atoms. They either have an aldehyde functional group in position 1 or a ketone functional group in position 2 ....
    s: erythrose
    Erythrose

    Erythrose is a tetrose carbohydrate with chemical formula Carbon4Hydrogen8Oxygen4. It has one aldehyde group and so is part of the aldose family. The natural isomer is D-erythrose....
    , threose
    Threose

    Threose is a tetrose carbohydrate with chemical formula 484. It has one aldehyde group and so is part of the aldose family. It exists in both D and L stereoisomers....
  • Pentose
    Pentose

    A pentose is a monosaccharide with five carbon atoms.They either have an aldehyde functional group in position 1 , or a ketone functional group in position 2 ....
    s: ribose
    Ribose

    Ribose, primarily occurring as D-ribose, is an organic compound that occurs widely in nature. It is an aldopentose, that is a monosaccharide containing five carbon atoms that, in its acyclic form, has an aldehyde functional group at one end....
    , arabinose
    Arabinose

    Arabinose is an aldopentose — a monosaccharide containing five carbon atoms, and including an aldehyde functional group. It has chemical formula Carbon5Hydrogen10Oxygen5 and a molar mass of 150.13 g/mol....
    , xylose
    Xylose

    Xylose, or wood sugar, is an aldopentose — a monosaccharide containing five carbon atoms and including an aldehyde functional group. It has chemical formula 5105....
    , lyxose
    Lyxose

    Lyxose is an aldopentose — a monosaccharide containing five carbon atoms, and including an aldehyde functional group. It has chemical formula 5105....
  • Hexose
    Hexose

    In organic chemistry, a hexose is a monosaccharide with six carbon atoms, having the chemical formula C6H12O6. Hexoses are classified by functional group, with aldohexoses having an aldehyde at position 1, and ketohexoses having a ketone at position 2....
    s: allose
    Allose

    Allose is an aldohexose sugar. It is a rare monosaccharide that has been isolated from the leaves of the African shrub Protea rubropilosa. It is soluble in water and practically insoluble in methanol....
    , altrose
    Altrose

    Altrose is an aldohexose sugar. D-Altrose is an unnatural monosaccharide. It is soluble in water and practically insoluble in methanol....
    , glucose
    Glucose

    Glucose , a monosaccharide also known as grape sugar, blood sugar, or corn sugar, is a very important carbohydrate in biology....
    , mannose
    Mannose

    Mannose is a sugar monomer of the hexose series of carbohydrates....
    , gulose
    Gulose

    Gulose is an aldohexose sugar. It is an unnatural monosaccharide that exists as a syrup with a sweet taste. It is soluble in water and slightly soluble in methanol....
    , idose
    Idose

    Idose is a hexose, a six carbon monosaccharide. It has an aldehyde group and is an aldose. It is not found in nature, but its uronic acid, iduronic acid, is important....
    , galactose
    Galactose

    Galactose is a type of Carbohydrate which is less sweetness than glucose. It is considered a nutritive sweetener because it has food energy.Galactan is a polymer of the sugar galactose....
    , talose
    Talose

    Talose is an aldohexose sugar. It is an unnatural monosaccharide that is soluble in water and slightly soluble in methanol. Some etymologists suggest that talose's name derives from the automaton of Greek mythology named Talos, but the relevance is unclear....


See also

  • Carbohydrate
    Carbohydrate

    Carbohydrates or saccharides are the most abundant of the four major classes of biomolecules. They fill numerous roles in living things, such as the storage and transport of energy and structural components ....
  • Ketose
    Ketose

    A ketose is a sugar containing one ketone group per molecule.With 3 carbon atoms, dihydroxyacetone is the simplest of all ketoses and is the only one having no optical activity....
  • Monosaccharide
    Monosaccharide

    Monosaccharides are the most basic unit of carbohydrates. They are the simplest form of sugar and are usually colorless, water-soluble, crystal solids....