Zang Shiyi
Encyclopedia
Zang Shiyi was Chinese general and Governor of Liaoning
Province at the time of the invasion of Manchuria in 1932.
county of Liaoning
Province in 1884. He traveled to Japan on a scholarship, and graduated from the cavalry
school of the Imperial Japanese Army Academy. On his return to China, he was appointed Chief of staff for the Kuomintang
Army in Kirin Province
. He participated in the Zhili–Anhui War in 1920. Together with Yan Yuting, he subsequently became Chief of staff of the business administration section of the Kuomintang Army headquarters in Nanjing
. After the death of Manchuria
n warlord
Zhang Zuolin
, Zang supported the Chinese reunification (1928)
movement, and was appointed governor of Liaoning
Province in 1930.
After the Mukden Incident
, Zang initially refused to cooperate with the Imperial Japanese Army
and was imprisoned. However, he later decided to defect, and was re-appointed governor of Liaoning Province (renamed Fengtien Province) on 16 December 1931. He was part of the North Eastern Administrative Committee or Self-Government Guiding Board
that made plans for a new State of Manchukuo
to be established in February 1932.
In 1932, Zang was re-appointed governor of Fengtian Province of Manchukuo, a position he retained after the administrative reorganization of the provinces of Manchukuo from four provinces to ten in October 1934. In March, 1935, he was Emperor Puyi
's first choice to replace Zheng Xiaoxu
as Prime Minister of Manchukuo, (although Zhang Jinghui
was appointed instead at the insistence of the Japanese Kwantung Army leadership). From 21 May 1935, Zang served in the largely ceremonial role as Speaker of the Manchukuo Senate – a post which he held until August 1945. He later also served as Vice Minister for Home Affairs.
In 1940, Zang was appointed ambassador to the Reorganized National Government of China headed by Wang Jingwei
.
Following the Soviet invasion of Manchuria, he declared an emergency session of the Manchukuo legislature to promulgated the abdication of Emperor Puyi on 17 August 1945, effective 18 August, and attempted to open negotiation with the Soviet Red Army
. However, the Manchukuo capital of Hsinking fell to the Red Army on 20 August 1945, and Zang was captured on 30 August. He was initially held in custody in Siberia
, but was extradited to the People's Republic of China
in 1950, where he died of illness in captivity at the Fushun
War Criminals Management Centre
on 13 November 1956.
Liaoning
' is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the northeast of the country. Its one-character abbreviation is "辽" , a name taken from the Liao River that flows through the province. "Níng" means "peace"...
Province at the time of the invasion of Manchuria in 1932.
Biography
Zang was born in ShenyangShenyang
Shenyang , or Mukden , is the capital and largest city of Liaoning Province in Northeast China. Currently holding sub-provincial administrative status, the city was once known as Shengjing or Fengtianfu...
county of Liaoning
Liaoning
' is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the northeast of the country. Its one-character abbreviation is "辽" , a name taken from the Liao River that flows through the province. "Níng" means "peace"...
Province in 1884. He traveled to Japan on a scholarship, and graduated from the cavalry
Cavalry
Cavalry or horsemen were soldiers or warriors who fought mounted on horseback. Cavalry were historically the third oldest and the most mobile of the combat arms...
school of the Imperial Japanese Army Academy. On his return to China, he was appointed Chief of staff for the Kuomintang
Kuomintang
The Kuomintang of China , sometimes romanized as Guomindang via the Pinyin transcription system or GMD for short, and translated as the Chinese Nationalist Party is a founding and ruling political party of the Republic of China . Its guiding ideology is the Three Principles of the People, espoused...
Army in Kirin Province
Jilin
Jilin , is a province of the People's Republic of China located in the northeastern part of the country. Jilin borders North Korea and Russia to the east, Heilongjiang to the north, Liaoning to the south, and Inner Mongolia to the west...
. He participated in the Zhili–Anhui War in 1920. Together with Yan Yuting, he subsequently became Chief of staff of the business administration section of the Kuomintang Army headquarters in Nanjing
Nanjing
' is the capital of Jiangsu province in China and has a prominent place in Chinese history and culture, having been the capital of China on several occasions...
. After the death of Manchuria
Manchuria
Manchuria is a historical name given to a large geographic region in northeast Asia. Depending on the definition of its extent, Manchuria usually falls entirely within the People's Republic of China, or is sometimes divided between China and Russia. The region is commonly referred to as Northeast...
n warlord
Warlord
A warlord is a person with power who has both military and civil control over a subnational area due to armed forces loyal to the warlord and not to a central authority. The term can also mean one who espouses the ideal that war is necessary, and has the means and authority to engage in war...
Zhang Zuolin
Zhang Zuolin
Zhang Zuolin was the warlord of Manchuria from 1916 to 1928 . He successfully invaded China proper in October 1924 in the Second Zhili-Fengtian War. He gained control of Peking, including China's internationally recognized government, in April 1926...
, Zang supported the Chinese reunification (1928)
Chinese reunification (1928)
Chinese reunification , better known in Chinese history as the Northeast Flag Replacement , is a historical term that refers to Zhang Xueliang's announcement on December 29, 1928 on replacing all banners of the Beiyang Government in Manchuria to the flag of the Nationalist Government, thus...
movement, and was appointed governor of Liaoning
Liaoning
' is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the northeast of the country. Its one-character abbreviation is "辽" , a name taken from the Liao River that flows through the province. "Níng" means "peace"...
Province in 1930.
After the Mukden Incident
Mukden Incident
The Mukden Incident, also known as the Manchurian Incident, was a staged event that was engineered by Japanese military personnel as a pretext for invading the northern part of China known as Manchuria in 1931....
, Zang initially refused to cooperate with the Imperial Japanese Army
Imperial Japanese Army
-Foundation:During the Meiji Restoration, the military forces loyal to the Emperor were samurai drawn primarily from the loyalist feudal domains of Satsuma and Chōshū...
and was imprisoned. However, he later decided to defect, and was re-appointed governor of Liaoning Province (renamed Fengtien Province) on 16 December 1931. He was part of the North Eastern Administrative Committee or Self-Government Guiding Board
Self-Government Guiding Board
The Self-Government Guiding Board was organized by the Imperial Japanese Army, in Mukden during the last half of September 1931 following the Mukden Incident and Invasion of Manchuria. The purpose of the Board was to start an independence movement and spread it throughout Manchuria...
that made plans for a new State of Manchukuo
Manchukuo
Manchukuo or Manshū-koku was a puppet state in Manchuria and eastern Inner Mongolia, governed under a form of constitutional monarchy. The region was the historical homeland of the Manchus, who founded the Qing Empire in China...
to be established in February 1932.
In 1932, Zang was re-appointed governor of Fengtian Province of Manchukuo, a position he retained after the administrative reorganization of the provinces of Manchukuo from four provinces to ten in October 1934. In March, 1935, he was Emperor Puyi
Puyi
Puyi , of the Manchu Aisin Gioro clan, was the last Emperor of China, and the twelfth and final ruler of the Qing Dynasty. He ruled as the Xuantong Emperor from 1908 until his abdication on 12 February 1912. From 1 to 12 July 1917 he was briefly restored to the throne as a nominal emperor by the...
's first choice to replace Zheng Xiaoxu
Zheng Xiaoxu
Zhèng Xiàoxū . Chinese statesman, diplomat and calligrapher.-Early life and diplomatic career:Although Zheng traced his ancestral roots to Minhou, a small town near Fuzhou, he was born in Suzhou, Jiangsu...
as Prime Minister of Manchukuo, (although Zhang Jinghui
Zhang Jinghui
Zhāng Jǐnghuì ; 1871 – 1 November 1959) was a Chinese general and politician during the Warlord era. He is noted for his role in the Japanese puppet regime of Manchukuo in which he served as its second and final Prime Minister.-Biography:...
was appointed instead at the insistence of the Japanese Kwantung Army leadership). From 21 May 1935, Zang served in the largely ceremonial role as Speaker of the Manchukuo Senate – a post which he held until August 1945. He later also served as Vice Minister for Home Affairs.
In 1940, Zang was appointed ambassador to the Reorganized National Government of China headed by Wang Jingwei
Wang Jingwei
Wang Jingwei , alternate name Wang Zhaoming, was a Chinese politician. He was initially known as a member of the left wing of the Kuomintang , but later became increasingly anti-Communist after his efforts to collaborate with the CCP ended in political failure...
.
Following the Soviet invasion of Manchuria, he declared an emergency session of the Manchukuo legislature to promulgated the abdication of Emperor Puyi on 17 August 1945, effective 18 August, and attempted to open negotiation with the Soviet Red Army
Red Army
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army started out as the Soviet Union's revolutionary communist combat groups during the Russian Civil War of 1918-1922. It grew into the national army of the Soviet Union. By the 1930s the Red Army was among the largest armies in history.The "Red Army" name refers to...
. However, the Manchukuo capital of Hsinking fell to the Red Army on 20 August 1945, and Zang was captured on 30 August. He was initially held in custody in Siberia
Siberia
Siberia is an extensive region constituting almost all of Northern Asia. Comprising the central and eastern portion of the Russian Federation, it was part of the Soviet Union from its beginning, as its predecessor states, the Tsardom of Russia and the Russian Empire, conquered it during the 16th...
, but was extradited to the People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China
China , officially the People's Republic of China , is the most populous country in the world, with over 1.3 billion citizens. Located in East Asia, the country covers approximately 9.6 million square kilometres...
in 1950, where he died of illness in captivity at the Fushun
Fushun
Fushun is a city in Liaoning, China, about 45 km east from Shenyang, with a population about 2,138 090 inhabitants at the 2010 census and an area of 11,271 km2, including 713 km2 of the city proper. Fushun is situated on the Hun He . It was formerly called Fouchouen in French...
War Criminals Management Centre
Fushun War Criminals Management Centre
Fushun War Criminals Management Centre , also known as Liaodong No. 3 Prison or Liaoning No. 3 Prison was the site of the re-education of Manchuko, Kuomintang and Japanese prisoners of war, held by China from 1950 onwards. It was located in the Xinfu District of Fushun city, Liaoning Province,...
on 13 November 1956.