Jilin is a province of the
People's Republic of ChinaChina , officially the People's Republic of China , is the most populous country in the world, with over 1.3 billion citizens. Located in East Asia, the country covers approximately 9.6 million square kilometres...
located in the
northeasternNortheast China, historically known in English as Manchuria, is a geographical region of China, consisting of the three provinces of Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang. The region is sometimes called the Three Northeast Provinces...
part of the country. Jilin
borderBorders define geographic boundaries of political entities or legal jurisdictions, such as governments, sovereign states, federated states and other subnational entities. Some borders—such as a state's internal administrative borders, or inter-state borders within the Schengen Area—are open and...
s
North KoreaThe Democratic People’s Republic of Korea , , is a country in East Asia, occupying the northern half of the Korean Peninsula. Its capital and largest city is Pyongyang. The Korean Demilitarized Zone serves as the buffer zone between North Korea and South Korea...
and
RussiaRussia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
to the east,
HeilongjiangFor the river known in Mandarin as Heilong Jiang, see Amur River' is a province of the People's Republic of China located in the northeastern part of the country. "Heilongjiang" literally means Black Dragon River, which is the Chinese name for the Amur. The one-character abbreviation is 黑...
to the north,
Liaoning' is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the northeast of the country. Its one-character abbreviation is "辽" , a name taken from the Liao River that flows through the province. "Níng" means "peace"...
to the south, and
Inner MongoliaInner Mongolia is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China, located in the northern region of the country. Inner Mongolia shares an international border with the countries of Mongolia and the Russian Federation...
to the west. The name was transliterated to Kirin before standardization to
pinyinPinyin is the official system to transcribe Chinese characters into the Roman alphabet in China, Malaysia, Singapore and Taiwan. It is also often used to teach Mandarin Chinese and spell Chinese names in foreign publications and used as an input method to enter Chinese characters into...
.
The name "Jilin" probably originates from
Girin ula , a
ManchuManchu is a Tungusic endangered language spoken in Northeast China; it used to be the language of the Manchu, though now most Manchus speak Mandarin Chinese and there are fewer than 70 native speakers of Manchu out of a total of nearly 10 million ethnic Manchus...
term meaning "along the river"; this was
transcribedTranscription in the linguistic sense is the systematic representation of language in written form. The source can either be utterances or preexisting text in another writing system, although some linguists only consider the former as transcription.Transcription should not be confused with...
into
Jilin wula (T: 吉林烏拉 / S: 吉林乌拉) in
ChineseThe Chinese language is a language or language family consisting of varieties which are mutually intelligible to varying degrees. Originally the indigenous languages spoken by the Han Chinese in China, it forms one of the branches of Sino-Tibetan family of languages...
, then shortened to
Jilin. The literal meaning of the Chinese characters for "Jilin" is "auspicious forest".
History
In ancient times Jilin was inhabited by various peoples, notably the
XianbeiThe Xianbei were a significant Mongolic nomadic people residing in Manchuria, Inner Mongolia and eastern Mongolia. The title “Khan” was first used among the Xianbei.-Origins:...
, Koreans, the Mohe and the Wùjí . Various Korean kingdoms, including the
BuyeoBuyeo or Puyŏ , Fuyu in Chinese, was an ancient Korean kingdom located from today's Manchuria to northern North Korea, from around the 2nd century BC to 494. Its remnants were absorbed by the neighboring and brotherhood kingdom of Goguryeo in 494...
,
GoguryeoGoguryeo or Koguryŏ was an ancient Korean kingdom located in present day northern and central parts of the Korean Peninsula, southern Manchuria, and southern Russian Maritime province....
and
BalhaeBalhae was a Manchurian kingdom established after the fall of Goguryeo. After Goguryeo's capital and southern territories fell to Unified Silla, Dae Jo-yeong, a Mohe general, whose father was Dae Jung-sang, established Jin , later called Balhae.Balhae occupied southern parts of Manchuria and...
, were established in this area.
The region then fell successively under the domination of the
Khitanthumb|250px|Khitans [[Eagle hunting|using eagles to hunt]], painted during the Chinese [[Song Dynasty]].The Khitan people , or Khitai, Kitan, or Kidan, were a nomadic Mongolic people, originally located at Mongolia and Manchuria from the 4th century...
Liao DynastyThe Liao Dynasty , also known as the Khitan Empire was an empire in East Asia that ruled over the regions of Manchuria, Mongolia, and parts of northern China proper between 9071125...
, the Jurchen
Jin DynastyThe Jīn Dynasty ; Khitan language: Nik, Niku; ; 1115–1234), also known as the Jurchen Dynasty, was founded by the Wanyan clan of the Jurchens, the ancestors of the Manchus who established the Qing Dynasty some 500 years later...
, and the Mongol
Yuan DynastyThe Yuan Dynasty , or Great Yuan Empire was a ruling dynasty founded by the Mongol leader Kublai Khan, who ruled most of present-day China, all of modern Mongolia and its surrounding areas, lasting officially from 1271 to 1368. It is considered both as a division of the Mongol Empire and as an...
. During the
Qing DynastyThe Qing Dynasty was the last dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 with a brief, abortive restoration in 1917. It was preceded by the Ming Dynasty and followed by the Republic of China....
, much of the area was under the control of the General of Jilin, whose area of control extended to the
Sea of JapanThe Sea of Japan is a marginal sea of the western Pacific Ocean, between the Asian mainland, the Japanese archipelago and Sakhalin. It is bordered by Japan, North Korea, Russia and South Korea. Like the Mediterranean Sea, it has almost no tides due to its nearly complete enclosure from the Pacific...
to encompass much of what is
RussiaRussia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
's
Primorsky KraiPrimorsky Krai , informally known as Primorye , is a federal subject of Russia . Primorsky means "maritime" in Russian, hence the region is sometimes referred to as Maritime Province or Maritime Territory. Its administrative center is in the city of Vladivostok...
today. Immigration of
Han ChineseHan Chinese are an ethnic group native to China and are the largest single ethnic group in the world.Han Chinese constitute about 92% of the population of the People's Republic of China , 98% of the population of the Republic of China , 78% of the population of Singapore, and about 20% of the...
was strictly controlled.
But, after the
Primorsky KraiPrimorsky Krai , informally known as Primorye , is a federal subject of Russia . Primorsky means "maritime" in Russian, hence the region is sometimes referred to as Maritime Province or Maritime Territory. Its administrative center is in the city of Vladivostok...
area was ceded to Russia in 1860, the
QingThe Qing Dynasty was the last dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 with a brief, abortive restoration in 1917. It was preceded by the Ming Dynasty and followed by the Republic of China....
government began to open the area up to
Han ChineseHan Chinese are an ethnic group native to China and are the largest single ethnic group in the world.Han Chinese constitute about 92% of the population of the People's Republic of China , 98% of the population of the Republic of China , 78% of the population of Singapore, and about 20% of the...
migrants, most of whom came from
Shandong' is a Province located on the eastern coast of the People's Republic of China. Shandong has played a major role in Chinese history from the beginning of Chinese civilization along the lower reaches of the Yellow River and served as a pivotal cultural and religious site for Taoism, Chinese...
. By the beginning of the twentieth century,
Han ChineseHan Chinese are an ethnic group native to China and are the largest single ethnic group in the world.Han Chinese constitute about 92% of the population of the People's Republic of China , 98% of the population of the Republic of China , 78% of the population of Singapore, and about 20% of the...
had become the dominant ethnic group of the region. In 1932, the area was incorporated into
ManchukuoManchukuo or Manshū-koku was a puppet state in Manchuria and eastern Inner Mongolia, governed under a form of constitutional monarchy. The region was the historical homeland of the Manchus, who founded the Qing Empire in China...
, a
puppet stateA puppet state is a nominal sovereign of a state who is de facto controlled by a foreign power. The term refers to a government controlled by the government of another country like a puppeteer controls the strings of a marionette...
set up by
JapanJapan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
.
ChangchunChangchun is the capital and largest city of Jilin province, located in the northeast of the People's Republic of China, in the center of the Songliao Plain. It is administered as a sub-provincial city with a population of 7,677,089 at the 2010 census under its jurisdiction, including counties and...
(then called Hsinking), capital of Jilin today, was made the capital of Manchukuo. After the defeat of
JapanJapan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
in 1945, the region, together with the rest of northeastern China, was ceded to the Communists by the
Soviet UnionThe Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
. Manchuria was the staging ground from which the communists eventually conquered the rest of China (see Chinese Civil War#Post-war power struggle (1945–1947)).
In 1949, Jilin province was smaller, encompassing only the environs of Changchun and
Jilin CityJilin City is the second largest city of Jilin province in Northeast China. At the 2010 census, 4,414,681 people resided within its administrative area of and 1,975,803 in its built up area...
, and the capital was at Jilin City, while Changchun was a municipality independent from the province. In the 1950s, Jilin was expanded to its present borders. During the
Cultural RevolutionThe Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, commonly known as the Cultural Revolution , was a socio-political movement that took place in the People's Republic of China from 1966 through 1976...
, Jilin was expanded again to include a part of
Inner MongoliaInner Mongolia is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China, located in the northern region of the country. Inner Mongolia shares an international border with the countries of Mongolia and the Russian Federation...
, giving it a border with the independent state of
MongoliaMongolia is a landlocked country in East and Central Asia. It is bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south, east and west. Although Mongolia does not share a border with Kazakhstan, its western-most point is only from Kazakhstan's eastern tip. Ulan Bator, the capital and largest...
, though this was later reversed. In recent times Jilin has, together with the rest of
heavy industryHeavy industry does not have a single fixed meaning as compared to light industry. It can mean production of products which are either heavy in weight or in the processes leading to their production. In general, it is a popular term used within the name of many Japanese and Korean firms, meaning...
-based
Northeast ChinaNortheast China, historically known in English as Manchuria, is a geographical region of China, consisting of the three provinces of Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang. The region is sometimes called the Three Northeast Provinces...
, been facing economic difficulties with
privatizationPrivatization is the incidence or process of transferring ownership of a business, enterprise, agency or public service from the public sector to the private sector or to private non-profit organizations...
. This has prompted the central government to undertake a campaign called “Revitalize the Northeast”.
Geography
Jilin lies in the central part of northeastern China, bordering
RussiaRussia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
and
North KoreaThe Democratic People’s Republic of Korea , , is a country in East Asia, occupying the northern half of the Korean Peninsula. Its capital and largest city is Pyongyang. The Korean Demilitarized Zone serves as the buffer zone between North Korea and South Korea...
in the east and southeast respectively. Jilin has a total area of 190,000 square kilometers and a total population of 27.3 million. Its capital is
ChangchunChangchun is the capital and largest city of Jilin province, located in the northeast of the People's Republic of China, in the center of the Songliao Plain. It is administered as a sub-provincial city with a population of 7,677,089 at the 2010 census under its jurisdiction, including counties and...
, which lies 113 kilometers west of
Jilin cityJilin City is the second largest city of Jilin province in Northeast China. At the 2010 census, 4,414,681 people resided within its administrative area of and 1,975,803 in its built up area...
. Jilin province is rich in natural mineral deposits with 136 different types of minerals, of which 70 have already been extracted. Jilin has abundance of
Traditional Chinese medicineTraditional Chinese Medicine refers to a broad range of medicine practices sharing common theoretical concepts which have been developed in China and are based on a tradition of more than 2,000 years, including various forms of herbal medicine, acupuncture, massage , exercise , and dietary therapy...
resources, with approximately 27,000 kinds of wild plants and 9,000 kinds of medicinal herbs. Also the province is rich in large reserves of oil, gas, coal, iron mine, nickel,
molybdenumMolybdenum , is a Group 6 chemical element with the symbol Mo and atomic number 42. The name is from Neo-Latin Molybdaenum, from Ancient Greek , meaning lead, itself proposed as a loanword from Anatolian Luvian and Lydian languages, since its ores were confused with lead ores...
, talc, graphite, gypsum, cement rock, gold and silver; its reserves of
oil shaleOil shale, an organic-rich fine-grained sedimentary rock, contains significant amounts of kerogen from which liquid hydrocarbons called shale oil can be produced...
are the largest in the country.
Jilin is highest in altitude in the southeast, and drops gently towards the northwest. The
Changbai MountainsThe Changbai Mountain Range or Jangbaek Mountain Range are a mountain range on the border between China and North Korea...
run through its southeastern regions, and contains the highest peak of the province, Baiyun Peak at 2691 m. Other mountain ranges include the Jilinhada Mountains, Zhang Guangcai Mountains, and Longgang Mountains.
Jilin is
drainedA drainage basin is an extent or an area of land where surface water from rain and melting snow or ice converges to a single point, usually the exit of the basin, where the waters join another waterbody, such as a river, lake, reservoir, estuary, wetland, sea, or ocean...
by the
YaluThe Yalu River or the Amnok River is a river on the border between North Korea and the People's Republic of China....
and
TumenThe Tumen River is a 521 km-long river that serves as part of the boundary between China, North Korea, and Russia, rising in Mount Baekdu and flowing into the Sea of Japan....
Rivers in the extreme southwest (which together form the border between the
People's Republic of ChinaChina , officially the People's Republic of China , is the most populous country in the world, with over 1.3 billion citizens. Located in East Asia, the country covers approximately 9.6 million square kilometres...
and
North KoreaThe Democratic People’s Republic of Korea , , is a country in East Asia, occupying the northern half of the Korean Peninsula. Its capital and largest city is Pyongyang. The Korean Demilitarized Zone serves as the buffer zone between North Korea and South Korea...
), by tributaries of the
Liao RiverThe Liao River is the principal river in northeast China . The province of Liaoning and the Liaodong Peninsula derive their names from the river....
along the southern border, and by the Songhua and
NenNen River or Nenjiang , or Nonni is a river in Northeast China. The Nen River flows through the northern part of Heilongjiang Province and the northeastern section of Inner Mongolia, some parts of the river forming the border between the two regions...
rivers, both eventually flowing into the Amur.
Jilin has a northerly
continentalContinental climate is a climate characterized by important annual variation in temperature due to the lack of significant bodies of water nearby...
monsoonMonsoon is traditionally defined as a seasonal reversing wind accompanied by corresponding changes in precipitation, but is now used to describe seasonal changes in atmospheric circulation and precipitation associated with the asymmetric heating of land and sea...
climate, with long, cold winters and short, warm summers. Average January temperatures range from -20 to -14
°CCelsius is a scale and unit of measurement for temperature. It is named after the Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius , who developed a similar temperature scale two years before his death...
. Rainfall averages at 350 to 1000 mm.
Major cities in this province include
ChangchunChangchun is the capital and largest city of Jilin province, located in the northeast of the People's Republic of China, in the center of the Songliao Plain. It is administered as a sub-provincial city with a population of 7,677,089 at the 2010 census under its jurisdiction, including counties and...
,
Jilin CityJilin City is the second largest city of Jilin province in Northeast China. At the 2010 census, 4,414,681 people resided within its administrative area of and 1,975,803 in its built up area...
,
BaishanBaishan is a prefecture-level city in Jilin province of the People's Republic of China. "白山" literally means "White Mountain", and is named after Baekdu Mountain, which is known as "长白山" in Chinese....
,
Baicheng-Administrative divisions:-Economy:Textile industry is one of the main pillars of the economy.Agriculture of the area is centred on plantation of soy beans and oil plants.-Traffic:...
, Siping,
YanjiYanji , also known as Yeon'gil from its Korean name , is the seat of the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, eastern Jilin province, Northeast China. Its population is approximately 400,000 of which a large section is ethnic Korean...
,
SongyuanSongyuan is a prefecture-level city in Jilin province, People's Republic of China.-History:Even though the present city of Songyuan is predominantly modern in appearance, the area has a long history dating back to the Neolithic age...
,
Tonghua-Economy:Traditionally, Tonghua occupied a railhub position in a region of China noted for trade in only three agricultural commodities. These were ginseng, marten furs and deer antler products. In the 1980s Tonghua had some success with a wine distillery producing sweet, sticky red wines that...
and
LiaoyuanLiaoyuan is a prefecture-level city in the west of Jilin province in Northeast China, bounded on the west by Liaoning province. Liaoyuan city lies some 100 km southeast of Changchun, the capital of Jilin province. Covering an area of 5,125 square kilometers, Liaoyuan is the smallest among the...
Administrative divisions
Jilin consists of eight prefecture-level cities and one autonomous prefecture:
| Map |
# |
Name |
Hanzi |
Hanyu Pinyin |
Administrative Seat |
Population (2010 The Sixth National Population Census of the People's Republic of China, also referred to as the 2010 Chinese Census, was conducted by the National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China with a zero hour of November 1, 2010....
) |
|
| — Sub-provincial city — |
| 1 |
ChangchunChangchun is the capital and largest city of Jilin province, located in the northeast of the People's Republic of China, in the center of the Songliao Plain. It is administered as a sub-provincial city with a population of 7,677,089 at the 2010 census under its jurisdiction, including counties and...
|
长春市 |
Chángchūn Shì |
Chaoyang District Chaoyang District is a district under the administration of Changchun, the capital of Jilin province, Chaoyang District is a district under the administration of [[Changchun]], the capital of [[Jilin]] province,...
|
7,677,089 |
— Prefecture-level cityA prefectural level city , prefectural city or prefectural level municipality is an administrative division of the People's Republic of China, ranking below a province and above a county in China's administrative structure. Prefectural level cities form the second level of the administrative...
— |
| 2 |
Baicheng -Administrative divisions:-Economy:Textile industry is one of the main pillars of the economy.Agriculture of the area is centred on plantation of soy beans and oil plants.-Traffic:...
|
白城市 |
Báichéng Shì |
Taobei District Taobei District is a district of the city of Baicheng, Jilin, People's Republic of China.-Administrative Divisions:There are 9 subdistricts, 5 towns, and 10 townships.Subdistricts:...
|
2,033,058 |
| 3 |
Baishan Baishan is a prefecture-level city in Jilin province of the People's Republic of China. "白山" literally means "White Mountain", and is named after Baekdu Mountain, which is known as "长白山" in Chinese....
|
白山市 |
Báishān Shì |
Badaojiang District Hunjiang District is a district of the city of Baishan, Jilin, People's Republic of China. It was known as Bādàojiāng District until 22 February 2010, when the State Council of the People's Republic of China approved the name change....
|
1,295,750 |
| 4 |
Jilin Jilin City is the second largest city of Jilin province in Northeast China. At the 2010 census, 4,414,681 people resided within its administrative area of and 1,975,803 in its built up area...
|
吉林市 |
Jílín Shì |
Chuanying District -Administrative Divisions:Subdistricts:*Dadong Subdistrict , Nanjing Subdistrict , Xiangyang Subdistrict , Qingdao Subdistrict , Henan Subdistrict , Beiji Subdistrict , Zhihe Subdistrict , Desheng Subdistrict , Linjiang Subdistrict , Changchun Road Subdistrict , Huangqitun Subdistrict , Beishan...
|
4,414,681 |
| 5 |
Liaoyuan Liaoyuan is a prefecture-level city in the west of Jilin province in Northeast China, bounded on the west by Liaoning province. Liaoyuan city lies some 100 km southeast of Changchun, the capital of Jilin province. Covering an area of 5,125 square kilometers, Liaoyuan is the smallest among the...
|
辽源市 |
Liáoyuán Shì |
Longshan District -Administrative Divisions:Subdistricts:*Dongji Subdistrict , Xining Subdistrict , Nankang Subdistrict , Beishou Subdistrict , Zhanqian Subdistrict , Xiangyang Subdistrict , Fuzhen Subdistrict , Xinxing Subdistrict...
|
1,176,645 |
| 6 |
SipingSiping , formerly Ssupingkai , is a prefecture-level city in the west of Jilin province in Northeast China. Located in the southwestern part of Jilin Province, in the middle of Songliao Plain and at the intersection of Jilin Province, Liaoning Province and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Siping...
|
四平市 |
Sìpíng Shì |
Tiexi District Tiexi District, Siping , literally meaning "district west of the railroad" is a district of Siping City, Jilin, People's Republic of China.-Administrative Divisions:Subdistricts:...
|
3,386,325 |
| 7 |
SongyuanSongyuan is a prefecture-level city in Jilin province, People's Republic of China.-History:Even though the present city of Songyuan is predominantly modern in appearance, the area has a long history dating back to the Neolithic age...
|
松原市 |
Sōngyuán Shì |
Ningjiang District -Administrative Divisions:Subdistricts:*Wenhua Subdistrict , Linjiang Subdistrict , Gongnong Subdistrict , Tuanjie Subdistrict , Minzhu Subdistrict , Qianjin Subdistrict , Heping Road Subdistrict , Shihua Subdistrict , Yanjiang Subdistrict , Fanrong Subdistrict Towns:*Dawa , Maoduzhan...
|
2,881,082 |
| 8 |
Tonghua -Economy:Traditionally, Tonghua occupied a railhub position in a region of China noted for trade in only three agricultural commodities. These were ginseng, marten furs and deer antler products. In the 1980s Tonghua had some success with a wine distillery producing sweet, sticky red wines that...
|
通化市 |
Tōnghuà Shì |
Dongchang District -Administrative Divisions:Subdistricts:*Guangming Subdistrict , Minzhu Subdistrict , Dongchang Subdistrict , Longquan Subdistrict , Xinzhan Subdistrict , Laozhan Subdistrict , Tuanjie Subdistrict...
|
2,325,242 |
| — Autonomous Prefecture Autonomous prefectures are one type of Autonomous areas of China, existing at the prefectural level. Autonomous prefectures either have over 50% of the population with ethnic minorities or are historically resided by significant minorities. All autonomous prefectures are mostly dominated, in...
— |
| 9 |
Yanbian (Korean) Yanbian is a Korean Autonomous Prefecture in Jilin Province, in Northeastern China, above the border with North Korea. Yanbian is bordered to the north by Heilongjiang, on the west by Baishan City and Jilin City, on the south by North Hamgyong Province of North Korea, and on the east by Primorsky...
|
延边朝鲜族自治州 |
Yánbiān Cháoxiǎnzú Zìzhìzhōu |
Yanji Yanji , also known as Yeon'gil from its Korean name , is the seat of the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, eastern Jilin province, Northeast China. Its population is approximately 400,000 of which a large section is ethnic Korean...
|
2,271,600 |
For a complete list of the county-level divisions of Jilin, see
List of administrative divisions of Jilin. These administrative divisions are explained in greater detail at Administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China.
Politics
The politics of Jilin is structured in a dual party-government system like all other governing institutions in mainland China.
The Governor of Jilin is the highest ranking official in the People's Government of Jilin. However, in the province's dual party-government governing system, the Governor has less power than the Jilin
Communist Party of ChinaThe Communist Party of China , also known as the Chinese Communist Party , is the founding and ruling political party of the People's Republic of China...
Provincial Committee Secretary, colloquially termed the "Jilin CPC Party Chief".
Economy
In 2009, the nominal GDP of Jilin province totaled RMB 720.3 billion (US$105.5 billion). Its GDP has been rising at double-digit rate since 2003 growing 51 percent from 2003 to 2007. Per capita nominal GDP increased to RMB 26,289 (US$3,848) in 2009. Meanwhile, the incremental value and profit of large enterprises witnessed a sharp increase of 19 percent and 30 percent respectively, compared with 2005 figures.
Jilin's agricultural production is centered upon rice, maize, and sorghum. Rice is mostly cultivated in the eastern parts, such as Yanbian Prefecture. The
Changbai MountainsThe Changbai Mountain Range or Jangbaek Mountain Range are a mountain range on the border between China and North Korea...
are an important source of lumber. Herding of sheep is an important activity in the western parts, such as
Baicheng-Administrative divisions:-Economy:Textile industry is one of the main pillars of the economy.Agriculture of the area is centred on plantation of soy beans and oil plants.-Traffic:...
.
Among it's natural resources, Jilin has the largest reserves of shale oil and one of the top five largest mineral reserves in all of China Compared to other provinces of China, Jilin has extensive deposits of Kieselguhr,
wollastoniteWollastonite is a calcium inosilicate mineral that may contain small amounts of iron, magnesium, and manganese substituting for calcium. It is usually white. It forms when impure limestone or dolostone is subjected to high temperature and pressure sometimes in the presence of silica-bearing fluids...
, floatstone, and
molybdenumMolybdenum , is a Group 6 chemical element with the symbol Mo and atomic number 42. The name is from Neo-Latin Molybdaenum, from Ancient Greek , meaning lead, itself proposed as a loanword from Anatolian Luvian and Lydian languages, since its ores were confused with lead ores...
.
Industry in Jilin is concentrated on automobiles, train carriages, and iron alloy.
Jilin is one of the most important commodity grain bases in China
Ranked 6th in timber production
Traditionally, Jilin has been known as a major pharmaceutical center, with yields of ginseng and deer antlers among the largest in China, being used extensively in
Traditional Chinese medicineTraditional Chinese Medicine refers to a broad range of medicine practices sharing common theoretical concepts which have been developed in China and are based on a tradition of more than 2,000 years, including various forms of herbal medicine, acupuncture, massage , exercise , and dietary therapy...
Economic and Technological Development Zones
Jilin New and Hi-tech Industry Development Zone
The zone was founded in 1992 and is located in Jilin city covering 818 square kilometers of planned area with 242 square kilometers already established. The leading industries in the zone are new materials, refined chemical products, integration of photoelectron and mechanism, electronics, medicine and bioengineering. A mere 14 km away from Songhua Lake, the nearest bus and train stations are located within 3 km.
The Jilin Economic and Technological Development Zone was founded in May 1998 and is situated in the northeast of Jilin city. The zone has a total planned area of 28 square kilometers. It is located 90 kilometers from Changchun, five kilometers from Jilin Airport, and eight kilometers from Jilin Railway Station.
Major industries include refined chemicals, bioengineering, fine processing of chemical fiber, and farm products. It is divided into four parts, namely, the Chemical Industrial Park, the Food Industrial Park, the Textile Industrial Park and the Medical Industrial Park. The latter specializes in the development of traditional Chinese pharmaceuticals, mini molecule medicine, bio-pharmaceuticals and health products.
Other zones include:
State-level ETDZs
ChangchunChangchun is the capital and largest city of Jilin province, located in the northeast of the People's Republic of China, in the center of the Songliao Plain. It is administered as a sub-provincial city with a population of 7,677,089 at the 2010 census under its jurisdiction, including counties and...
Economic and Technological Development Zone
In 1993, with the approval of the state, Changchun Economic & Technological Development Zone (CETDZ) became a state level economic and technological development zone. The total area of CETDZ is 112.72 sqkm, of which 30 sqkm has been set aside for development and utilization. By the end of 2006, the total fixed assets investment of Changchun economic and technological development zone reached 38.4 billion Yuan. There are 1656 registered enterprises in this zone including 179 foreign-funded enterprises. The regional gross product of the zone reached 101.8 billion Yuan; industrial output value reached 233.0 billion Yuan; overall financial revenue reached 15.7 billion Yuan.
State-level HIDZs
ChangchunChangchun is the capital and largest city of Jilin province, located in the northeast of the People's Republic of China, in the center of the Songliao Plain. It is administered as a sub-provincial city with a population of 7,677,089 at the 2010 census under its jurisdiction, including counties and...
High-Tech Industrial Development Area
Changchun High-Tech Industrial Development Area is connected by four roads and one light-rail to the downtown area. The nearest train station, Changchun Station, is twenty minutes away by light rail. In 2002, Changchun HDA became the first park in North-East China to qualify for the environmental certification of ISO14001. Its landscaping ratio reaches 38%.
HunchunHunchun is a county-level city in the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, far eastern Jilin province, Northeast China. It borders North Korea and Russia , has over 250,000 inhabitants, and streching on a 5,145 square-kilometer...
Border Economic Cooperation Zone
Huichun Border Economic Cooperation Zone was approved to be national-level border economic cooperation zone in 1992, with a planning area of 24 sqkm. In 2002 and 2001, Huichun Export Processing Zone and Huichun Sino-Russia Trade Zone was set up in it. Being located in the junction of China, Russia and Korea, it enjoys strategic location. The infrastructures are available. It focuses on the development of sea food processing, electronic product manufacture, bio-pharmacy, textile industry and other industry.
HunchunHunchun is a county-level city in the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, far eastern Jilin province, Northeast China. It borders North Korea and Russia , has over 250,000 inhabitants, and streching on a 5,145 square-kilometer...
Export Processing Zone
Huichun Export Processing Zone is located in 5 sqkm area in Hun Chun Border Economic Cooperation Zone. Its planned area is 2.44 sqkm. It enjoys the good infrastructure and policies its parent zone does.
Infrastructure
There are 35,216 kilometers of highways, including over 500 kilometers of expressways.
The province has an excellent rail network, originally built by the Japanese, with Changchun as its main hub. There are four major new railway projects which started construction in 2007. They will include the middle section of a massively invested north-south railway trunk line connecting Harbin and Dalian, and a 96.5 kilometer inter-city railway line from Changchun, capital city of Jilin province, and Jilin city. The four railway projects are estimated to cost RMB13 billion and the province is urging foreign investors to invest in the new project. The Changchun-Jilin line, expected to be completed in 2010, will cut the journey times between the cities from the current 96 minutes to 30.
The only commercial airport is Changchun International Airport, other non-commercial airports are
Jilin AirportJilin Ertaizi Airport is an airport that formerly served commercial flights to Jilin City in Jilin Province, China., but by October 3, 2005, all of its commercial flights were transferred to the newly opened Changchun Longjia International Airport and Jilin Airport halted operation....
,
Yanji AirportYanji Chaoyangchuan Airport is an airport serving Yanji, Jilin, People’s Republic of China .-Airlines and destinations:...
and Tonghua Liuhe Airport.
Jilin is landlocked. However, river navigation is possible from April to November. The major river ports are at Da'an, Jilin city and Fuyu. In 2007, Jilin started construction on a two-phase RMB60 million comprehensive river port; the first phase of this is finished. The port is located on the Songhua River and has an annual throughput of two million tons and will connect to the waterways of Northeast China.
Demographics
Jilin is inhabited by
Han ChineseHan Chinese are an ethnic group native to China and are the largest single ethnic group in the world.Han Chinese constitute about 92% of the population of the People's Republic of China , 98% of the population of the Republic of China , 78% of the population of Singapore, and about 20% of the...
,
ManchuThe Manchu people or Man are an ethnic minority of China who originated in Manchuria . During their rise in the 17th century, with the help of the Ming dynasty rebels , they came to power in China and founded the Qing Dynasty, which ruled China until the Xinhai Revolution of 1911, which...
s,
HuiThe Hui people are an ethnic group in China, defined as Chinese speaking people descended from foreign Muslims. They are typically distinguished by their practice of Islam, however some also practice other religions, and many are direct descendants of Silk Road travelers.In modern People's...
, Mongols and
XibeThe Xibe or Sibo are a Tungusic ethnic group living mostly in northeast China and Xinjiang. They form one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China.- History :...
. Most ethnic Koreans live in the
Yanbian Korean Autonomous PrefectureYanbian is a Korean Autonomous Prefecture in Jilin Province, in Northeastern China, above the border with North Korea. Yanbian is bordered to the north by Heilongjiang, on the west by Baishan City and Jilin City, on the south by North Hamgyong Province of North Korea, and on the east by Primorsky...
.
| Ethnic groups in Jilin (2000 census) |
Nationality | Population | Percentage |
Han ChineseHan Chinese are an ethnic group native to China and are the largest single ethnic group in the world.Han Chinese constitute about 92% of the population of the People's Republic of China , 98% of the population of the Republic of China , 78% of the population of Singapore, and about 20% of the...
|
24,348,815 |
90.85% |
Koreans |
1,145,688 |
4.27% |
ManchuThe Manchu people or Man are an ethnic minority of China who originated in Manchuria . During their rise in the 17th century, with the help of the Ming dynasty rebels , they came to power in China and founded the Qing Dynasty, which ruled China until the Xinhai Revolution of 1911, which...
|
993,112 |
3.71% |
Mongol |
172,026 |
0.64% |
HuiThe Hui people are an ethnic group in China, defined as Chinese speaking people descended from foreign Muslims. They are typically distinguished by their practice of Islam, however some also practice other religions, and many are direct descendants of Silk Road travelers.In modern People's...
|
125,620 |
0.47% |
Excludes members of the
People's Liberation ArmyThe People's Liberation Army is the unified military organization of all land, sea, strategic missile and air forces of the People's Republic of China. The PLA was established on August 1, 1927 — celebrated annually as "PLA Day" — as the military arm of the Communist Party of China...
in active service.
Source: Department of Population, Social, Science and Technology Statistics of the National Bureau of Statistics of China (国家统计局人口和社会科技统计司) and Department of Economic Development of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission of China (国家民族事务委员会经济发展司), eds.
Tabulation on Nationalities of 2000 Population Census of China (《2000年人口普查中国民族人口资料》). 2 vols. Beijing: Nationalities Publishing House (民族出版社), 2003. (ISBN 7-105-05425-5)
Culture
Jilin is part of
Northeast ChinaNortheast China, historically known in English as Manchuria, is a geographical region of China, consisting of the three provinces of Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang. The region is sometimes called the Three Northeast Provinces...
, so shares many similarities in culture to neighbouring regions, such as
Er ren zhuanEr ren zhuan is a genre of local folk dance and song from Northeast China. It usually consists of two people, a boy and a girl. They sing as well as dance, using folded fans or red square handkerchiefs during the dancing portion. It is enjoyed by a majority of uneducated rural people of Northern...
,
StiltsStilts are poles, posts or pillars used to allow a person or structure to stand at a distance above the ground. Walking stilts are poles equipped with steps for the feet to stand on, or straps to attach them to the legs, for the purpose of walking while elevated above a normal height...
and Yangge. But among
its musicJilin is a northeastern province of China. The region is home to many kinds of musical theater, especially opera. These include styles like Huanglong opera, Xincheng opera, Jilin opera and errenzhuan ....
, Jiju, or
Jilin OperaJilin opera is a form of Chinese opera, especially popular in Jilin province, China. Compared to Kun opera or Beijing opera, it is played in modern Mandarin....
, is a form of traditional entertainment that Jilin has innovated over its short migrant history.
The ethnic Koreans of Jilin have their own distinct culture. See also:
Yanbian Korean Autonomous PrefectureYanbian is a Korean Autonomous Prefecture in Jilin Province, in Northeastern China, above the border with North Korea. Yanbian is bordered to the north by Heilongjiang, on the west by Baishan City and Jilin City, on the south by North Hamgyong Province of North Korea, and on the east by Primorsky...
,
Culture of KoreaThe current political separation of North and South Korea has resulted in divergence in modern Korean cultures; nevertheless, the traditional culture of Korea is historically shared by both states.-Dance:...
.
Tourism
The
GoguryeoGoguryeo or Koguryŏ was an ancient Korean kingdom located in present day northern and central parts of the Korean Peninsula, southern Manchuria, and southern Russian Maritime province....
sites and tombs found in
Ji'an, JilinJi'an is a county-level city in southwestern Jilin province, Northeast China. It belongs to the prefecture-level city of Tonghua. Ji'an has an area of and a population of approximately 230,000. The city was established as a city in 1988....
, including Wandu, Gungnae Fortress, and the
pyramidA pyramid is a structure whose outer surfaces are triangular and converge at a single point. The base of a pyramid can be trilateral, quadrilateral, or any polygon shape, meaning that a pyramid has at least three triangular surfaces...
al
General's TombThe Tomb of the General , also known as the Pyramid of the East, is thought to be the burial tomb of King Gwanggaeto or his son King Jangsu, both kings of the Korean kingdom of Goguryeo. . .The pyramid is located in Ji'an, Jilin province China, a former capital of Goguryeo...
, have been listed as part of a
UNESCOThe United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations...
World Heritage SiteA UNESCO World Heritage Site is a place that is listed by the UNESCO as of special cultural or physical significance...
.
The
Baekdu MountainBaekdu Mountain, also known in China as Changbai Mountain and Baitou Mountain , is a volcanic mountain on the border between North Korea and China, located at...
, especially Heaven Lake on the border with
North KoreaThe Democratic People’s Republic of Korea , , is a country in East Asia, occupying the northern half of the Korean Peninsula. Its capital and largest city is Pyongyang. The Korean Demilitarized Zone serves as the buffer zone between North Korea and South Korea...
, are popular tourist destinations due to their natural scenery.
Ancient Tombs at Longtou MountainThe Ancient Tombs at Longtou Mountain are a collection of twelve burials for royalty of the Balhae Kingdom. It is located on the Longtou Mountain, southeast Toudao Township , Helong County , Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, Jilin, China...
, including the
Mausoleum of Princess ZhenxiaoThe Mausoleum of Princess Jeonghyo was made in 793 by the people of early Korea's Balhae kingdom, and is a part of the Ancient Tombs at Longtou Mountain in Jilin, China...
, are royal tombs of the Balhae kingdom found in
Yanbian Korean Autonomous PrefectureYanbian is a Korean Autonomous Prefecture in Jilin Province, in Northeastern China, above the border with North Korea. Yanbian is bordered to the north by Heilongjiang, on the west by Baishan City and Jilin City, on the south by North Hamgyong Province of North Korea, and on the east by Primorsky...
.
Universities and colleges
- Jilin University
Jilin University is a leading national university under the direct jurisdiction of China's Ministry of Education.-History:Founded in 1946 as the Northeast College of Administration in Harbin, Heilongjiang, Jilin University merged with many Universities and colleges and changed its name many times...
(吉林大学)
- Northeast Normal University
Northeast Normal University is one of the six national universities in People's Republic of China located in Changchun, Jilin.- History :Northeast Normal University is an institution of higher learning under the direct administration of the Ministry of Education, being selected as one of the...
(东北师范大学)
- Jilin Agricultural University (吉林农业大学)
- Jilin Normal University
Jilin Normal University is a university in Siping, Jilin, northeast China.It was formerly known as the Siping Normal Institute .-External links:*...
(吉林师范大学)
- Changchun University of Science and Technology
Changchun University of Science and Technology is a provincial key university, previously known as Changchun Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics， 1960-2002...
(长春理工大学)
- Changchun University of Technology (长春工业大学)
- Changchun Normal University
Changchun Normal University is a university in Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China.-External links:* *...
(长春师范大学)
- Changchun University (长春大学)
- Changchun Taxation College
Changchun Tax College is a university in Changchun, Jilin province, northeast China.-External links:*...
(长春税务学院)
- Yanbian University of Science and Technology
The Yanbian University of Science and Technology , or YUST, is colloquially known as Yankeda . It is a research university in the city of Yanji, Jilin Province, China. Yanbian University of Science and Technology is the first Chinese joint-venture university in the Yanbian Autonomous Prefecture...
(延边科技大学)
- Yanbian University
Yanbian University is one of the key universities of the People's Republic of China, located at Yanji, Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, Jilin Province.-History:...
(延边大学)
- Northeast China Institute of Electric Power Engineering (东北电力学院)
- Jilin College of Electrification
- Changchun Institute of Post & Telecommunications (长春邮政学院)
- Changchun Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics
Sports
Professional Sports Teams
- Chinese Football Association Jia League
The China League One is the second tier professional league for Chinese football clubs. The league is under the auspices of the Chinese Football Association. Above the League One is Chinese Super League....
- Changchun Yatai
Changchun Yatai is a Chinese football team. It was founded on June 6, 1996 by Jilin Yatai Group at Changchun, Jilin. Their manager is Shen Xiangfu....
- Yanbian FC
Yanbian Baekdu Tigers FC is a Chinese football club currently playing in the Chinese Football Association Jia League....
- Chinese Basketball Association
The Chinese Basketball Association , often abbreviated to the CBA, is the pre-eminent men's professional basketball league in China.The league is commonly known as the CBA, and this acronym is often used even in Chinese...
- Jilin Northeast Tigers
Jilin Tonggang Northeast Tigers or Jilin Northeast Tigers or Jilin Tonggang are a basketball team in the North Division of the Chinese Basketball Association, based in Changchun, Jilin....
External links