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' (; Mandarin IPA: [t?ilin]; Postal map spelling: Kirin; Manchu
Manchu language

Manchu is a Tungusic languages language spoken in Northeast China; it used to be the language of the Manchu, though now most Manchus speak Mandarin Chinese and there are fewer than 70 native speakers of Manchu out of a total of nearly 10 million ethnic Manchus....
: Girin ula), is a province
Political divisions of China

Due to China's large population and area, the administrative divisions of China have consisted of several levels since History of the administrative divisions of China....
 of the People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China

The People's Republic of China , commonly known as China, is the largest country in East Asia and the List of countries by population in the world with over 1.3 billion people, approximately a fifth of the world's population....
 located in the northeastern
Northeast China

Northeast China is a geographical region of China. It is separated from Russia largely by the Amur, Argun, and Ussuri rivers, from North Korea by the Yalu River and Tumen River, and from the Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region by the Greater Khingan Range....
 part of the country. Jilin border
Border

Borders define geography boundaries of political geography or legal jurisdictions, such as governments, states or Subnational entity. They may foster the setting up of buffer zones....
s North Korea
North Korea

North Korea, officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea , is a state in East Asia, occupying the northern half of the Korean Peninsula....
 and Russia
Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
 to the east, Heilongjiang
Heilongjiang

is a political divisions of China of the People's Republic of China located in the Northeast China part of the country. "Heilongjiang" literally means Black Chinese dragon River, which is the Chinese name for the Amur river....
 to the north, Liaoning
Liaoning

is a Northeast China political divisions of China of the People's Republic of China. Its one-Chinese character abbreviation is Liao ."Li?o" is an ancient name for this region, which was adopted by the Liao Dynasty which ruled this area between 907 and 1125....
 to the south, and Inner Mongolia
Inner Mongolia

Inner Mongolia is the Mongols autonomous region of China of the People's Republic of China, located in the country's north.Inner Mongolia borders, from east to west, the provinces of Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Ningxia, and Gansu, while to the north it borders Mongolia and Russia....
 to the west. The name was transliterated to Kirin before standardization to pinyin
Pinyin

Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most commonly used Romanization system for Standard Mandarin. Hanyu is the Chinese Language, and pinyin means "phonetics", or more literally, "spelling sound" or "spelled sound"....
.

The name "Jilin" probably originates from Girin ula, a Manchu
Manchu language

Manchu is a Tungusic languages language spoken in Northeast China; it used to be the language of the Manchu, though now most Manchus speak Mandarin Chinese and there are fewer than 70 native speakers of Manchu out of a total of nearly 10 million ethnic Manchus....
 term meaning "along the river"; this was transcribed
Transcription (linguistics)

Transcription is the conversion into written, typewritten or printed form, of a spoken language source, such as the proceedings of a court hearing....
 into Jilin wula (T: ???? / S: ????) in Chinese
Chinese language

Chinese or the Sinitic language is a language family consisting of language mutually unintelligible to varying degrees. Originally the indigenous languages spoken by the Han Chinese in China, it forms one of the two branches of Sino-Tibetan languages of languages....
, then shortened to Jilin.






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' (; Mandarin IPA: [t?ilin]; Postal map spelling: Kirin; Manchu
Manchu language

Manchu is a Tungusic languages language spoken in Northeast China; it used to be the language of the Manchu, though now most Manchus speak Mandarin Chinese and there are fewer than 70 native speakers of Manchu out of a total of nearly 10 million ethnic Manchus....
: Girin ula), is a province
Political divisions of China

Due to China's large population and area, the administrative divisions of China have consisted of several levels since History of the administrative divisions of China....
 of the People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China

The People's Republic of China , commonly known as China, is the largest country in East Asia and the List of countries by population in the world with over 1.3 billion people, approximately a fifth of the world's population....
 located in the northeastern
Northeast China

Northeast China is a geographical region of China. It is separated from Russia largely by the Amur, Argun, and Ussuri rivers, from North Korea by the Yalu River and Tumen River, and from the Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region by the Greater Khingan Range....
 part of the country. Jilin border
Border

Borders define geography boundaries of political geography or legal jurisdictions, such as governments, states or Subnational entity. They may foster the setting up of buffer zones....
s North Korea
North Korea

North Korea, officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea , is a state in East Asia, occupying the northern half of the Korean Peninsula....
 and Russia
Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
 to the east, Heilongjiang
Heilongjiang

is a political divisions of China of the People's Republic of China located in the Northeast China part of the country. "Heilongjiang" literally means Black Chinese dragon River, which is the Chinese name for the Amur river....
 to the north, Liaoning
Liaoning

is a Northeast China political divisions of China of the People's Republic of China. Its one-Chinese character abbreviation is Liao ."Li?o" is an ancient name for this region, which was adopted by the Liao Dynasty which ruled this area between 907 and 1125....
 to the south, and Inner Mongolia
Inner Mongolia

Inner Mongolia is the Mongols autonomous region of China of the People's Republic of China, located in the country's north.Inner Mongolia borders, from east to west, the provinces of Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Ningxia, and Gansu, while to the north it borders Mongolia and Russia....
 to the west. The name was transliterated to Kirin before standardization to pinyin
Pinyin

Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most commonly used Romanization system for Standard Mandarin. Hanyu is the Chinese Language, and pinyin means "phonetics", or more literally, "spelling sound" or "spelled sound"....
.

The name "Jilin" probably originates from Girin ula, a Manchu
Manchu language

Manchu is a Tungusic languages language spoken in Northeast China; it used to be the language of the Manchu, though now most Manchus speak Mandarin Chinese and there are fewer than 70 native speakers of Manchu out of a total of nearly 10 million ethnic Manchus....
 term meaning "along the river"; this was transcribed
Transcription (linguistics)

Transcription is the conversion into written, typewritten or printed form, of a spoken language source, such as the proceedings of a court hearing....
 into Jilin wula (T: ???? / S: ????) in Chinese
Chinese language

Chinese or the Sinitic language is a language family consisting of language mutually unintelligible to varying degrees. Originally the indigenous languages spoken by the Han Chinese in China, it forms one of the two branches of Sino-Tibetan languages of languages....
, then shortened to Jilin. The literal meaning of the Chinese characters for "Jilin" is "auspicious forest".

History

In ancient times Jilin was inhabited by various peoples, notably the Mohe
Mohe

The Mohe were a Tungusic languages people in ancient Manchuria. They are sometimes considered the ancestors of medieval Jurchen and modern-day Manchus....
 and the Wùjí . It also formed a part of the Goguryeo
Goguryeo

Goguryeo or Koguryo was an ancient Koreans Empire located in the northern and central parts of the Korean peninsula, southern Manchuria, and southern Primorsky Krai....
 kingdom. The kingdom of Balhae
Balhae

Balhae was an ancient multiethnic empire established after the fall of Goguryeo. After Goguryeo's capital and southern territories fell to Unified Silla, Dae Jo-young, a former Goguryeo general, whose father was Dae Jung-sang, established Jin , later called Balhae....
 was established in the area from 698 to 926 AD. The region then fell successively under the domination of the Khitan
Khitan people

The Khitan people , or Khitai, were a nomadic people, originally located at Mongolia and modern Manchuria from the 4th century. They dominated a vast area in northern China by the 10th century under the Liao Dynasty, but have left few relics that have survived until today....
 Liao Dynasty
Liao Dynasty

The Liao Dynasty , 907-1125, also known as the Khitan Empire , was an empire in East Asia that ruled over the regions of Manchuria, Mongolia, and parts of northern China proper....
, the Jurchen
Jurchen

Jurchen may refer to:* Jurchen people, Tungusic people who inhabited the region of Manchuria until the 17th century* Jurchen script, writing system of Jurchen people...
 Jin Dynasty
Jin Dynasty, 1115–1234

The Jin Dynasty , also known as the Jurchen Dynasty, was founded by the Wanyan clan of the Jurchens, the ancestors of the Manchus who established the Qing Dynasty some 500 years later....
, and the Mongol Yuan Dynasty
Yuan Dynasty

The Yuan Dynasty , or Great Yuan Empire was both the continuation of the Mongol Empire and the Mongol founded historical state in Mongolia and China, lasting officially from 1271 to 1368....
. During the Qing Dynasty
Qing Dynasty

The Qing Dynasty , also known as the Manchu Dynasty, followed the Ming Dynasty in History of China, and was the last ruling Chinese Dynasties of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 ....
, much of the area was under the control of the General of Jilin, whose area of control extended to the Sea of Japan
Sea of Japan

The Sea of Japan is a marginal sea of the western Pacific Ocean, bordered by Japan, South Korea, North Korea and Russia. It is referred to in North Korea as the Korea East Sea and in South Korea as the East Sea....
 to encompass much of what is Russia
Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
's Primorsky Krai
Primorsky Krai

Primorsky Krai also known as Primorye , is a federal subjects of Russia of Russia . Primorsky means "maritime" in Russian, hence the region is sometimes referred to as Maritime Province....
 today. Immigration of Han Chinese
Han Chinese

Han Chinese are an ethnic group native to China and, by most modern definitions, the largest single ethnic group in the Earth.Han Chinese constitute about 92 percent of the population of the People's Republic of China , 98 percent of the population of the Republic of China , 75 percent of the population of Singapore, and about 19 percent...
 was strictly controlled.

However, after the Primorsky Krai
Primorsky Krai

Primorsky Krai also known as Primorye , is a federal subjects of Russia of Russia . Primorsky means "maritime" in Russian, hence the region is sometimes referred to as Maritime Province....
 area was ceded to Russia in 1860, the Qing
Qing Dynasty

The Qing Dynasty , also known as the Manchu Dynasty, followed the Ming Dynasty in History of China, and was the last ruling Chinese Dynasties of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 ....
 government began to open the area up to Han Chinese
Han Chinese

Han Chinese are an ethnic group native to China and, by most modern definitions, the largest single ethnic group in the Earth.Han Chinese constitute about 92 percent of the population of the People's Republic of China , 98 percent of the population of the Republic of China , 75 percent of the population of Singapore, and about 19 percent...
 migrants, most of whom came from Shandong
Shandong

For the people of Shandong, see Shandong people is a coastal political divisions of China of eastern People's Republic of China. Its abbreviation is 'Lu', after the state of Lu that existed here during the Spring and Autumn Period....
. By the beginning of the twentieth century, Han Chinese
Han Chinese

Han Chinese are an ethnic group native to China and, by most modern definitions, the largest single ethnic group in the Earth.Han Chinese constitute about 92 percent of the population of the People's Republic of China , 98 percent of the population of the Republic of China , 75 percent of the population of Singapore, and about 19 percent...
 had become the dominant ethnic group of the region. In 1932, the area was incorporated into Manchukuo
Manchukuo

Manchukuo was a puppet state in Manchuria and eastern Inner Mongolia. The region was the Qing Dynasty's historical homeland, created by former Qing Dynasty officials with help from Imperial Japan in 1932....
, a puppet state
Puppet state

The term puppet state describes a nominal sovereignty controlled effectively by a foreign power.. The term refers to a government controlled by the government of another country like a puppeteer controls the strings of a marionette....
 set up by Japan
Japan

Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, People's Republic of China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south....
, and Changchun
Changchun

Changchun is the capital and largest city of Jilin Provinces of China, located in the northeast of the People's Republic of China, in the centre of the Songliao Plain....
 (then called Hsinking), capital of Jilin today, was made the capital of Manchukuo. After the defeat of Japan
Japan

Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, People's Republic of China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south....
 in 1945, the region, together with the rest of northeastern China, was handed to the communists by the Soviet Union
Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was a Constitution of the Soviet Union socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.The name is a translation of the , romanization of Russian Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik, abbreviated ????, SSSR....
. Manchuria was then the staging ground from which the communists eventually conquered the rest of China (see Chinese Civil War#Post-war power struggle (1945–1947)
Chinese Civil War

The Chinese Civil War or , which lasted from April 1927 to May 1950, was a civil war in China between the Kuomintang and the Chinese Communist Party ....
).

In 1949, Jilin province was smaller, encompassing only the environs of Changchun and Jilin City
Jilin City

Jilin City is a prefecture-level city in Jilin Province in China. It has a population of 1,985,000 and a metropolitan area of 27,120 km?. Jilin is the only major city with a homologous name to the province which it is located....
, and the capital was at Jilin City, while Changchun was a municipality independent from the province. In the 1950s Jilin was expanded to its present borders. During the Cultural Revolution
Cultural Revolution

The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution in the People?s Republic of China was a period of widespread social and political upheaval that led to nation-wide chaos and economic disarray, which would engulf much of Chinese society between 1966 and 1976....
, Jilin was expanded again to include a part of Inner Mongolia
Inner Mongolia

Inner Mongolia is the Mongols autonomous region of China of the People's Republic of China, located in the country's north.Inner Mongolia borders, from east to west, the provinces of Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Ningxia, and Gansu, while to the north it borders Mongolia and Russia....
, giving it a border with the independent state of Mongolia
Mongolia

Mongolia is a landlocked country in East Asia and Central Asia. It borders Russia to the north and People's Republic of China to the south, east and west....
, though this was later reversed. In recent times Jilin has, together with the rest of heavy industry
Heavy industry

Heavy industry does not have a single fixed meaning as compared to light industry. It can mean production of products which are either heavy in weight or in the processes leading to their production....
-based Northeast China
Northeast China

Northeast China is a geographical region of China. It is separated from Russia largely by the Amur, Argun, and Ussuri rivers, from North Korea by the Yalu River and Tumen River, and from the Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region by the Greater Khingan Range....
, been facing economic difficulties with privatization
Privatization

Privatization is the incidence or process of transferring ownership of business from the public sector to the private sector . In a broader sense, privatization refers to transfer of any government function to the private sector including governmental functions like revenue collection and law enforcement....
. This has prompted the central government to undertake a campaign called “Revitalize the Northeast”.

Geography

Jilin lies in the central part of northeastern China, bordering Russia
Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
 and North Korea
North Korea

North Korea, officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea , is a state in East Asia, occupying the northern half of the Korean Peninsula....
 in the east and southeast respectively. Jilin has a total area of 190,000 square kilometers and a total population of 27.3 million capital is Changchun
Changchun

Changchun is the capital and largest city of Jilin Provinces of China, located in the northeast of the People's Republic of China, in the centre of the Songliao Plain....
, which lies 113 kilometers west of Jilin city
Jilin City

Jilin City is a prefecture-level city in Jilin Province in China. It has a population of 1,985,000 and a metropolitan area of 27,120 km?. Jilin is the only major city with a homologous name to the province which it is located....
. Jilin province is rich in natural mineral deposits with 136 different types of minerals, of which 70 have already been extracted. Jilin has abundance of Traditional Chinese medicine
Traditional Chinese medicine

Traditional Chinese medicine includes a range of traditional medicine practices originating in China. Although well accepted in the mainstream of medical care throughout East Asia, it is considered an alternative medicine system in much of the western world....
 resources, with approximately 27,000 kinds of wild plants and 9,000 kinds of medicinal herbs. Also the province is rich in large reserves of oil, gas, coal, iron mine, nickel, molybdenum
Molybdenum

Molybdenum , is a Group 6 element chemical element with the symbol Mo and atomic number 42. It has the List of elements by melting point melting point of any element....
, talc, graphite, gypsum, cement rock, gold and silver; its reserves of oil shale
Oil shale

The fine-grained sedimentary rock known as oil shale contains significant amounts of kerogen , from which technology can extract liquid hydrocarbons....
 are the largest in the country.

Jilin is highest in altitude in the southeast, and drops gently towards the northwest. The Changbai Mountains
Changbai Mountains

The Changbai Mountains or Baekdu Mountains are a mountain range on the border between China and North Korea . The range extends from the Northeast China China provinces of Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning to the North Korean provinces of Ryanggang and Chagang....
 run through its southeastern regions, and contains the highest peak of the province, Baiyun Peak at 2691 m. Other mountain ranges include the Jilinhada Mountains, Zhang Guangcai Mountains, and Longgang Mountains.

Jilin is drained
Drainage basin

A drainage basin is an extent of land where water from rain or snow melt drains downhill into a body of water, such as a river, lake, reservoir, estuary, wetland, sea or ocean....
 by the Yalu
Yalu River

The Yalu River or the Amnok River is a river on the border between China and North Korea. The Chinese language name comes from a Manchu language word meaning "the boundary between two countries"....
 and Tumen
Tumen River

The Tumen or Tuman River is a 521 km-long river that serves as part of the boundary between China, North Korea, and Russia, rising in Baekdu Mountain and flowing into the Sea of Japan....
 Rivers in the extreme southwest (which together form the border between the People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China

The People's Republic of China , commonly known as China, is the largest country in East Asia and the List of countries by population in the world with over 1.3 billion people, approximately a fifth of the world's population....
 and North Korea
North Korea

North Korea, officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea , is a state in East Asia, occupying the northern half of the Korean Peninsula....
), by tributaries of the Liao River
Liao River

File:Liaorivermap.pngThe Liao He is the principal river in southern Manchuria . The province of Liaoning and the Liaodong Peninsula derive their name from the river....
 along the southern border, and by the Songhua and Nen
Nen River

File:LocationNen.pngNen River, also Nonni }}; Manchu language: Non ula) is a river in Northeast China. It is 1370 kilometres in length, and is the longest tributary of the Songhua River in Heilongjiang province, and join it near Da'an....
 rivers, both eventually flowing into the Amur
Amur

The Amur River or Heilong Jiang is the Earth's ninth longest river, forming the border between the Russian Far East and Northeastern China....
.

Jilin has a northerly continental
Continental climate

Continental climate is a climate that is characterized by winter temperatures cold enough to support a fixed period of snow cover each year, and relatively moderate precipitation occurring mostly in summer, although east coast areas may show an even distribution of precipitation....
 monsoon
Monsoon

A monsoon is a seasonal prevailing wind that lasts for several months. The term was first used in English in India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, and neighboring countries to refer to the big seasonal winds blowing from the Indian Ocean and Arabian Sea in the southwest bringing heavy rainfall to the region....
 climate, with long, cold winters and short, warm summers. Average January temperatures range from -20 to -14°C
Celsius

Celsius is a temperature scale that is named after the Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius , who developed a similar temperature scale two years before his death....
. Rainfall averages at 350 to 1000 mm.

Major cities in this province include Changchun
Changchun

Changchun is the capital and largest city of Jilin Provinces of China, located in the northeast of the People's Republic of China, in the centre of the Songliao Plain....
, Jilin City
Jilin City

Jilin City is a prefecture-level city in Jilin Province in China. It has a population of 1,985,000 and a metropolitan area of 27,120 km?. Jilin is the only major city with a homologous name to the province which it is located....
, Baishan
Baishan

Baishan is a prefecture-level city in Jilin province of the People's Republic of China.Baishan is to be granted the title of China International Mineral Water City....
, Baicheng
Baicheng

Baicheng is a prefecture-level city in the northwestern part of Jilin province, People's Republic of China....
, Siping
Siping

Siping is a process of cutting thin slits across a rubber surface to improve traction in wet or icy conditions.Siping was invented and patented in 1923 by John F....
, Yanji
Yanji

Yanji is the capital List of administrative divisions of Jilin of Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, within Jilin province of northeastern China....
, Songyuan
Songyuan

Songyuan is a prefecture-level city in Jilin province, People's Republic of China....
,Tonghua
Tonghua

Tonghua is a prefecture-level city in the People's Republic of China province Jilin.Tonghua is an industrial city in the south of Jilin Province in the People's Republic of China....
 and Liaoyuan
Liaoyuan

Liaoyuan is a prefecture-level city located in Jilin province, People's Republic of China. Liaoyuan city lies some 120 km south-west of Changchun, the capital of Jilin province, and has an population of 1,267,033 and 462,233 ....


Administrative divisions

Jilin consists of eight prefecture-level cities and one autonomous prefecture:

The sub-province-level city:
  • Changchun
    Changchun

    Changchun is the capital and largest city of Jilin Provinces of China, located in the northeast of the People's Republic of China, in the centre of the Songliao Plain....
     (??? : Chángchun Shì)
The prefecture-level cities:
  • Baicheng
    Baicheng

    Baicheng is a prefecture-level city in the northwestern part of Jilin province, People's Republic of China....
     (??? : Báichéng Shì)
  • Baishan
    Baishan

    Baishan is a prefecture-level city in Jilin province of the People's Republic of China.Baishan is to be granted the title of China International Mineral Water City....
     (??? : Báishan Shì)
  • Jilin
    Jilin City

    Jilin City is a prefecture-level city in Jilin Province in China. It has a population of 1,985,000 and a metropolitan area of 27,120 km?. Jilin is the only major city with a homologous name to the province which it is located....
     (??? : Jílín Shì)
  • Liaoyuan
    Liaoyuan

    Liaoyuan is a prefecture-level city located in Jilin province, People's Republic of China. Liaoyuan city lies some 120 km south-west of Changchun, the capital of Jilin province, and has an population of 1,267,033 and 462,233 ....
     (??? : Liáoyuán Shì)
  • Siping
    Siping

    Siping is a process of cutting thin slits across a rubber surface to improve traction in wet or icy conditions.Siping was invented and patented in 1923 by John F....
     (??? : Sìpíng Shì)
  • Songyuan
    Songyuan

    Songyuan is a prefecture-level city in Jilin province, People's Republic of China....
     (??? : Songyuán Shì)
  • Tonghua
    Tonghua

    Tonghua is a prefecture-level city in the People's Republic of China province Jilin.Tonghua is an industrial city in the south of Jilin Province in the People's Republic of China....
     (??? : Tonghuà Shì)
The autonomous prefecture:
  • Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture
    Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture

    Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture is an autonomous prefecture in Jilin province, in the northeastern part of People's Republic of China. Yanbian is south of Heilongjiang, east of Jilin's Baishan City, north of North Korea's North Hamgyong Province, and west of Russia....
     (????????, ????????: Yánbian Cháoxianzú Zìzhìzhou)


For a complete list of the county-level divisions of Jilin, see List of administrative divisions of Jilin
List of administrative divisions of Jilin

Jilin, a province of China of the People's Republic of China, is made up of the following political divisions of China:* 9 prefecture-level divisions...
. These administrative divisions are explained in greater detail at Political divisions of China
Political divisions of China

Due to China's large population and area, the administrative divisions of China have consisted of several levels since History of the administrative divisions of China....
.

Politics

The politics of Jilin is structured in a dual party-government system like all other governing institutions in mainland China.

The Governor of Jilin is the highest ranking official in the People's Government of Jilin. However, in the province's dual party-government governing system, the Governor has less power than the Jilin Communist Party of China
Communist Party of China

The Communist Party of China , also known as the Chinese Communist Party , is the founding and the ruling party of the People's Republic of China and the world's largest political party....
 Provincial Committee Secretary, colloquially termed the "Jilin CPC Party Chief".

Economy

In 2007, the GDP of Jilin province totaled RMB533.61 billion, a year-on-year increase of 16 percent. Its GDP has been rising at double-digit rate since 2003 growing 51 percent from 2003 to 2007. Per capita GDP also increased to RMB 19,168 in 2007. Meanwhile, the incremental value and profit of large enterprises witnessed a sharp increase of 19 percent and 30 percent respectively, compared with 2005 figures.

Jilin's agricultural production is centered upon rice
Rice

Rice is a staple food for a large part of the world's human population, especially in tropical Latin America, and East Asia, South Asia and Southeast Asia, making it the second-most consumed cereal grain, after maize....
, maize
Maize

Maize , known as corn in some countries, is a cereal domesticated in Mesoamerica and subsequently spread throughout the American continents....
, and sorghum
Sorghum

Sorghum is a genus of numerous species of Poaceae, some of which are raised for grain and many of which are used as fodder plants either cultivated or as part of pasture....
. Rice
Rice

Rice is a staple food for a large part of the world's human population, especially in tropical Latin America, and East Asia, South Asia and Southeast Asia, making it the second-most consumed cereal grain, after maize....
 is mostly cultivated in the eastern parts, such as Yanbian prefecture. The Changbai Mountains
Changbai Mountains

The Changbai Mountains or Baekdu Mountains are a mountain range on the border between China and North Korea . The range extends from the Northeast China China provinces of Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning to the North Korean provinces of Ryanggang and Chagang....
 are an important source of lumber
Lumber

Lumber or timber is wood in any of its stages from logging through readiness for use as structural material for construction, or wood pulp for paper production....
. Herding
Herding

Herding is the act of bringing individual animals together into a group , maintaining the group and moving the group from place to place—or any combination of those....
 of sheep
Sheep

#REDIRECT Domestic sheep...
 is an important activity in the western parts, such as Baicheng
Baicheng

Baicheng is a prefecture-level city in the northwestern part of Jilin province, People's Republic of China....
 prefecture-level city
Prefecture-level city

A prefecture-level city or prefecture-level municipality is an administrative division of the People's Republic of China, ranking below a province of China and above a county of China in China's administrative structure....
.

Compared to other provinces of China, Jilin has extensive deposits of Kieselguhr, wollastonite
Wollastonite

Wollastonite is a calcium Silicate minerals mineral that may contain small amounts of iron, magnesium, and manganese substituting for calcium. It is usually white....
, floatstone, and molybdenum
Molybdenum

Molybdenum , is a Group 6 element chemical element with the symbol Mo and atomic number 42. It has the List of elements by melting point melting point of any element....
.

Industry
Industry

An industry is the manufacturing of a Good or Service within a category. Although industry is a broad term for any kind of economic production, in economics and urban planning industry is a synonym for the secondary sector, which is a type of economic activity involved in the manufacturing of raw materials into goods and products....
 in Jilin is concentrated on automobile
Automobile

An automobile or motor car is a wheeled motor vehicle for transportation passengers, which also carries its own car engine or motor. Most definitions of the term specify that automobiles are designed to run primarily on roads, to have seating for one to eight people, to typically have four wheels, and to be constructed principally f...
s, train
Train

A train is a connected series of vehicles that move along a track to rail transport from one place to another. The track usually consists of two rail tracks, but might also be a monorail or magnetic levitation train guideway....
 carriages, and iron
Iron

Iron is a chemical element with the symbol Fe and atomic number 26. Iron is a Group 8 element and period 4 element. Iron is lustrous and silvery in color....
 alloy
Alloy

An alloy is a partial or complete solid solution of one or more chemical element in a metallic matrix. Complete solid solution alloys give single solid phase microstructure, while partial solutions give two or more phases that may be homogeneous in distribution depending on thermal history....
.

Jilin's nominal GDP for 2007 was 522.6 billion yuan (US$68.7 billion) and ranks 22nd in the country. Its GDP per capita was 19,168 yuan (US$2,520).

Jilin is one of the most important commodity grain bases in China
China

China is a Culture of China, an ancient civilization, and, depending on perspective, a national or multinational entity extending over a large area in East Asia....
 Ranked 6th in timber production The yields of ginseng and deer antlers are among the largest in China, being used extensively in Traditional Chinese medicine
Traditional Chinese medicine

Traditional Chinese medicine includes a range of traditional medicine practices originating in China. Although well accepted in the mainstream of medical care throughout East Asia, it is considered an alternative medicine system in much of the western world....
 

Economic and Technological Development Zones
Economic and Technological Development Zones

The China National Economic and Technological Development Zones are the special areas of the People's Republic of China where foreign direct investment is encouraged....

  • Jilin New and Hi-tech Industry Development Zone
The zone was founded in 1992 and is located in Jilin city covering 818 square kilometers of planned area with 242 square kilometers already established. The leading industries in the zone are new materials, refined chemical products, integration of photoelectron and mechanism, electronic information, medicine and bioengineering
Bioengineering

Bioengineering is the application of engineering principles to address challenges in the fields of biology and medicine. As a study, it encompasses biomedical engineering and it is related to biotechnology....
.

The Jilin Economic and Technological Development Zone was founded in May 1998 and is situated in the northeast of Jilin city. The zone has a total planned area of 28 square kilometers. It is located 90 kilometers from Changchun, five kilometers from Jilin Airport, and eight kilometers from Jilin Railway Station. Major industries include refined chemicals, bioengineering, fine processing of chemical fiber, and farm products. It is divided into four parts, namely, the Chemical Industrial Park, the Food Industrial Park, the Textile Industrial Park and the Medical Industrial Park. The latter specializes in the development of traditional Chinese pharmaceuticals, mini molecule medicine, bio-pharmaceuticals and health products.

Other zones include:
  • State-level ETDZs Changchun
    Changchun

    Changchun is the capital and largest city of Jilin Provinces of China, located in the northeast of the People's Republic of China, in the centre of the Songliao Plain....
     Economic and Technological Development Zone
  • State-level HIDZs Changchun
    Changchun

    Changchun is the capital and largest city of Jilin Provinces of China, located in the northeast of the People's Republic of China, in the centre of the Songliao Plain....
     High-Tech Industrial Development Area Jilin National High-Tech Industrial Development Zone
  • Hunchun
    Hunchun

    Hunchun is a county-level city in the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, Jilin, Northeast China China. It borders North Korea and Russia and has over 150,000 inhabitants....
     Border Economic Cooperation Zone
  • Hunchun
    Hunchun

    Hunchun is a county-level city in the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, Jilin, Northeast China China. It borders North Korea and Russia and has over 150,000 inhabitants....
     Export Processing Zone


Infrastructure

There are 35,216 kilometers of highways, including over 500 kilometers of expressways. The province has an excellent rail network, originally built by the Japanese, with Changchun as its main hub. There are four major new railway projects which started construction in 2007. They will include the middle section of a massively invested north-south railway trunk line connecting Harbin and Dalian, and a 96.5 kilometer inter-city railway line from Changchun, capital city of Jilin province, and Jilin city. The four railway projects are estimated to cost RMB13 billion and the province is urging foreign investors to invest in the new project. The Changchun-Jilin line, expected to be completed in 2010, will cut the journey times between the cities from the current 96 minutes to 30.

Major airports include Changchun International Airport, Jilin Airport, Yanji Airport and Tonghua Liuhe Airport.

Jilin is landlocked. However, river navigation is possible from April to November. The major river ports are at Da'an, Jilin city and Fuyu. In 2007, Jilin started construction on a two-phase RMB60 million comprehensive river port; the first phase of this is finished. The port is located on the Songhua River and has an annual throughput of two million tons and will connect to the waterways of Northeast China.

Demographics

Jilin is inhabited by Han Chinese
Han Chinese

Han Chinese are an ethnic group native to China and, by most modern definitions, the largest single ethnic group in the Earth.Han Chinese constitute about 92 percent of the population of the People's Republic of China , 98 percent of the population of the Republic of China , 75 percent of the population of Singapore, and about 19 percent...
, Manchu
Manchu

The Manchu people are a Tungusic peoples who originated in Manchuria . During their rise in the seventeenth century, with the help of Ming rebels , they conquered the Ming Dynasty and founded the Qing Dynasty, which ruled China until its abolition in 1911 after the Xinhai Revolution, which established Republic of China in its place....
s, Hui
Hui people

The Hui people are a Ethnic groups in China, typically distinguished by their practice of Islam. Hui is the abbreviation of the full name Huihui "??"....
, Mongols and Xibe
Xibe

The Xibe are an ethnic group living mostly in northeast China and Xinjiang. They form one of the List of Chinese ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China....
. Most ethnic Koreans live in the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture
Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture

Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture is an autonomous prefecture in Jilin province, in the northeastern part of People's Republic of China. Yanbian is south of Heilongjiang, east of Jilin's Baishan City, north of North Korea's North Hamgyong Province, and west of Russia....
.

Ethnic groups in Jilin (2000 census)
Nationality Population Percentage
Han Chinese
Han Chinese

Han Chinese are an ethnic group native to China and, by most modern definitions, the largest single ethnic group in the Earth.Han Chinese constitute about 92 percent of the population of the People's Republic of China , 98 percent of the population of the Republic of China , 75 percent of the population of Singapore, and about 19 percent...
  		24,348,815 90.85%
Koreans 1,145,688 4.27%
Manchu
Manchu

The Manchu people are a Tungusic peoples who originated in Manchuria . During their rise in the seventeenth century, with the help of Ming rebels , they conquered the Ming Dynasty and founded the Qing Dynasty, which ruled China until its abolition in 1911 after the Xinhai Revolution, which established Republic of China in its place....
 		 993,112 3.71%
Mongol 172,026 0.64%
Hui
Hui people

The Hui people are a Ethnic groups in China, typically distinguished by their practice of Islam. Hui is the abbreviation of the full name Huihui "??"....
 		 125,620 0.47%
Excludes members of the People's Liberation Army
People's Liberation Army

The People's Liberation Army is the unified military organization of all land, sea, and air forces of the People's Republic of China. The PLA was established on August 1, 1927 ? celebrated annually as "PLA Day" ? as the military arm of the Communist Party of China....
 in active service.
Source: Department of Population, Social, Science and Technology Statistics of the National Bureau of Statistics of China (???????????????) and Department of Economic Development of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission of China (??????????????), eds. Tabulation on Nationalities of 2000 Population Census of China («2000?????????????»). 2 vols. Beijing: Nationalities Publishing House, 2003. (ISBN 7-105-05425-5)

Culture

Jilin is part of Northeast China
Northeast China

Northeast China is a geographical region of China. It is separated from Russia largely by the Amur, Argun, and Ussuri rivers, from North Korea by the Yalu River and Tumen River, and from the Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region by the Greater Khingan Range....
, so shares many similarities in culture to neighbouring regions. But Jiju, or Jilin Opera, is a form of traditional entertainment that Jilin has innovated over its short migrant history.

The ethnic Koreans of Jilin have their own distinct culture. See also: Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture
Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture

Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture is an autonomous prefecture in Jilin province, in the northeastern part of People's Republic of China. Yanbian is south of Heilongjiang, east of Jilin's Baishan City, north of North Korea's North Hamgyong Province, and west of Russia....
, Culture of Korea
Culture of Korea

Korea, one of the oldest continuous civilizations in the world, has 5,000 years of history. The current political separation of North Korea and South Korea has resulted in divergence in modern Korean cultures; nevertheless, the traditional culture of Korea is historically shared by both states....
.

Tourism

The Goguryeo
Goguryeo

Goguryeo or Koguryo was an ancient Koreans Empire located in the northern and central parts of the Korean peninsula, southern Manchuria, and southern Primorsky Krai....
 sites and tombs found in Ji'an, Jilin
Ji'an, Jilin

Ji'an is a county-level city in Jilin province, People's Republic of China.It belongs to the prefecture-level city of Tonghua.Ji'an has an area of and a population of approximately 230,000....
, including Wandu, Gungnae Fortress, and the pyramid
Pyramid

A pyramid is a building where the outer surfaces are triangular and converge at a point. The base of pyramids are usually quadrilateral or trilateral , meaning that a pyramid usually has four or five faces....
al General's Tomb
Tomb of the General

The Tomb of the General , also known as the Pyramid of the East, is thought to be the burial tomb of Gwanggaeto the Great of Goguryeo or his son Jangsu of Goguryeo, both kings of the Three Kingdoms of Korea of Goguryeo....
, have been listed as part of a UNESCO
UNESCO

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on 16 November 1945....
 World Heritage Site
World Heritage Site

A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site that is on the list maintained by the international World Heritage Programme administered by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee, composed of 21 Sovereign state which are elected by their General Assembly for a four-year term....
.

The Baekdu Mountain
Baekdu Mountain

Baekdu Mountain, also known locally as Changbai Mountain in China, is a volcanic mountain on the border between North Korea and China, located at ....
, especially Heaven Lake on the border with North Korea
North Korea

North Korea, officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea , is a state in East Asia, occupying the northern half of the Korean Peninsula....
, are popular tourist destinations due to their natural scenery.

Ancient Tombs at Longtou Mountain
Ancient Tombs at Longtou Mountain

The Ancient Tombs at Longtou Mountain are a collection of twelve burials for royalty of the Balhae Kingdom. It is located on the Longtou Mountain, southeast Toudao Township , Helong County , Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, Jilin, China....
, including the Mausoleum of Princess Zhenxiao
Mausoleum of Princess Zhenxiao

The Mausoleum of Princess Jeonghyo was made in 793 by the people of early Balhae kingdom, and is a part of the Ancient Tombs at Longtou Mountain in Jilin, China....
, are royal tombs of the Balhae kingdom found in Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture
Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture

Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture is an autonomous prefecture in Jilin province, in the northeastern part of People's Republic of China. Yanbian is south of Heilongjiang, east of Jilin's Baishan City, north of North Korea's North Hamgyong Province, and west of Russia....
.

Education


Universities and colleges

  • Jilin University
    Jilin University

    Jilin University is a leading national university under the direct jurisdiction of China's Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China....
  • Northeast Normal University
    Northeast Normal University

    Northeast Normal University is one of the six national normal university in China, located in Changchun, Jilin, PRC....
  • Jilin Agricultural University
  • Jilin Normal University
    Jilin Normal University

    Jilin Normal University is a university in Siping, Jilin, northeast China. Its former name is Siping Normal Institute .External links...
  • Changchun University of Science and Technology
    Changchun University of Science and Technology

    Changchun University of Science and Technology is a provincial key university, previously known as Changchun Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics....
  • Changchun University of Technology
  • Changchun University
  • Changchun Taxation College
    Changchun Taxation College

    Changchun Tax College is a university in Changchun, Jilin province, northeast China.External links...
  • Yanbian University of Science & Technology
  • Yanbian University
    Yanbian University

    Yanbian University is a provincial public university of the People's Republic of China, located at Yanji, Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, Jilin Province....
  • Northeast China Institute of Electric Power Engineeting
  • Jilin College of Electrification
  • Changchun Institute of Post & Telecommunications
  • Jilin Institute of Technology
  • Changchun Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics
  • Siping Normal University


Sports

Professional Sports Teams
  • Chinese Football Association Jia League
    Chinese Football Association Jia League

    The Chinese Football Association Jia League is the second tier professional league for People's Republic of China Football clubs. The league is under the auspices of the Chinese Football Association....
    • Changchun Yatai
      Changchun Yatai

      Changchun Yatai is a People's Republic of China football team. It was founded on June 6, 1996 by Jilin Yatai Group at Changchun, Jilin. Their manager is Li Shubin....
    • Yanbian FC
      Yanbian FC

      Yanbian FC is a Chinese football club currently playing in the Chinese Football Association Jia League.In 1997, Yanbian Aodong finished 4th in the top division....
  • Chinese Basketball Association
    Chinese Basketball Association

    The Chinese Basketball Association is the premier professional basketball List of professional sports leagues in People's Republic of China. It is commonly known as the CBA, and this acronym is often used even in Chinese language....
    • Jilin Northeast Tigers
      Jilin Northeast Tigers

      Jilin Tonggang Northeast Tigers or Jilin Northeast Tigers or Jilin Tonggang are a basketball team in the North Division of the Chinese Basketball Association, based in Changchun, Jilin....


External links

  • *


Further Reading