.gif)
Women in warfare (1750 - 1799)
Encyclopedia
Warfare through history has mainly been a matter for men, but women have also played a role, occasionally a leading one. The following list of prominent women in war and their exploits from about 1750 C.E. up to about 1799 C.E. can only indicate the involvement of women, some of them thrust into positions of leadership by accident of birth
or family connection, others by force of circumstance from humble origins.
Accident of birth
Accident of birth is a phrase pointing out that no one has any control of, or responsibility for, the circumstances of their birth or parentage. With a modern scientific understanding of genetics, one can reasonably call any human being's entire genome an accident of birth...
or family connection, others by force of circumstance from humble origins.
Women in warfare (1750-1799)
1750s
- 1754–1763: French and Indian WarFrench and Indian WarThe French and Indian War is the common American name for the war between Great Britain and France in North America from 1754 to 1763. In 1756, the war erupted into the world-wide conflict known as the Seven Years' War and thus came to be regarded as the North American theater of that war...
. SenecaSeneca nationThe Seneca are a group of indigenous people native to North America. They were the nation located farthest to the west within the Six Nations or Iroquois League in New York before the American Revolution. While exact population figures are unknown, approximately 15,000 to 25,000 Seneca live in...
leader Queen AlliquippaQueen AlliquippaQueen Alliquippa was a leader of the Seneca tribe of American Indians during the early part of the 18th century.Little is known about Alliquippa's early life...
is a key ally of the British. - 1755: Cherokee leader Nancy WardNancy WardNanyehi , known in English as Nancy Ward was a Ghigau, or Beloved Woman of the Cherokee Nation, which meant that she was allowed to sit in councils and to make decisions, along with the other Beloved Women, on pardons...
fights side-by-side with her husband at the Battle of TaliwaBattle of TaliwaThe Battle of Taliwa was fought in Ball Ground, Georgia in 1755. According to Cherokee folklore, it was mainly fought over land disputed between the Cherokees and Creek, with the Cherokees winning...
. When her husband is killed, she picked up his rifle and led the Cherokee to victory. - 1757: Sailor "Arthur Douglas" is revealed to be a woman. Her birth-name is unknown.
- 1759-1771: Mary Lacey serves as a Marine carpenter under the name of "William Chandler".
1760s
- 1760s: Hannah WitnegHannah WitnegHannah Witneg was an Irish woman who served in the Royal Marines for six years in the 1760s. She fought, disguised as a man, and was said to have served with "fortitude and valor".-References:...
serves in the Royal MarinesRoyal MarinesThe Corps of Her Majesty's Royal Marines, commonly just referred to as the Royal Marines , are the marine corps and amphibious infantry of the United Kingdom and, along with the Royal Navy and Royal Fleet Auxiliary, form the Naval Service...
while disguised as a man from 1756 to 1761. She is noted for serving with "fortitude and valor". - 1760-1761: A woman serves in the British Marines as "William Prothero".
- 1762: Rafaela HerreraRafaela HerreraRafaela de Herrera y Torreynosa was the daughter of Lieutenant Colonel Don José de Herrera y Sotomayor . She is considered a national heroine of Nicaragua, due to her actions in the defense of the Fortress of the Immaculate Conception during the Battle for the Río San Juan de Nicaragua in...
inspires the outnumbered Spanish defenders to victory during a 1762 British siege of the Fortress of the Immaculate ConceptionFortress of the Immaculate ConceptionThe Fortress of the Immaculate Conception, is a fortification located on the southern bank of the Río San Juan , in the village of El Castillo in southern Nicaragua. The fortress is situated approximately 6 kilometers from the border with Costa Rica, at the Raudal del Diablo rapids of the San Juan...
in El CastilloEl Castillo (village)El Castillo is a village of about 1500 people situated on the southern bank of the Río San Juan in southern Nicaragua. It is one of 27 comarcas of the municipality of El Castillo, a subdivision of the Río San Juan Department. The village is situated approximately 6 kilometers from the border with...
village within El Castillo municipality, NicaraguaNicaraguaNicaragua is the largest country in the Central American American isthmus, bordered by Honduras to the north and Costa Rica to the south. The country is situated between 11 and 14 degrees north of the Equator in the Northern Hemisphere, which places it entirely within the tropics. The Pacific Ocean...
. - 1763: After the assassination of her husband DiegoDiego SilangDiego Silang y Andaya was a revolutionary leader who conspired with British forces to overthrow Spanish rule in the northern Philippines and establish an independent Ilocano nation...
, FilipinaFilipino peopleThe Filipino people or Filipinos are an Austronesian ethnic group native to the islands of the Philippines. There are about 92 million Filipinos in the Philippines, and about 11 million living outside the Philippines ....
Gabriela SilangGabriela SilangMaría Josefa Gabriela Cariño Silang was the wife of the Ilocano insurgent leader, Diego Silang. Following Diego's assassination in 1763, she led the group for four months before she was captured and executed....
decided to continue his rebellion in IlocosIlocosIlocos collectively refers to two provinces in the Philippines: Ilocos Norte and Ilocos Sur. Inhabitants are called Ilocanos and they speak the language Iloko, also called Ilocano.The Ilocos Region, containing four provinces, is named after Ilocos...
against SpainSpainSpain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
but was unsuccessful. - 1767-1795: Reign of Ahilyabai HolkarAhilyabai HolkarPunyashlok Rajmata Devi Ahilyabai Holkar , also known as the Philosopher Queen, was a Holkar dynasty Queen of the Malwa kingdom, India. She is often compared with Catherine II of Russia, Elizabeth I of England, Margaret I of Denmark...
, Indian queen of the Malwa kingdom. She personally led troops into battle.
1770s
- 1770s: During the American RevolutionAmerican RevolutionThe American Revolution was the political upheaval during the last half of the 18th century in which thirteen colonies in North America joined together to break free from the British Empire, combining to become the United States of America...
, women served on the battlefield as nurses, water bearers, cooks, launderers and saboteurs. - 1770s: Cherokee woman CuhtahlatahCuhtahlatahCuhtahlatah was a Cherokee woman who lived during the period of the American Revolutionary War. Her name means "wild hemp". When her husband was killed in battle, she grabbed his tomahawk and attacked the enemy, screaming "Kill! Kill!". Her people had been in retreat, but her actions inspired them...
causes her people to rally in battle by attacking the enemy after her husband was killed. - 1770s: Elizabeth Hutchinson Jackson, the mother of Andrew JacksonAndrew JacksonAndrew Jackson was the seventh President of the United States . Based in frontier Tennessee, Jackson was a politician and army general who defeated the Creek Indians at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend , and the British at the Battle of New Orleans...
, treats and nurses sick and wounded Continental soldiers in American Revolutionary WarAmerican Revolutionary WarThe American Revolutionary War , the American War of Independence, or simply the Revolutionary War, began as a war between the Kingdom of Great Britain and thirteen British colonies in North America, and ended in a global war between several European great powers.The war was the result of the...
on British prison shipPrison shipA prison ship, historically sometimes called a prison hulk, is a vessel used as a prison, often to hold convicts awaiting transportation to penal colonies. This practice was popular with the British government in the 18th and 19th centuries....
, dying of cholera as a result. - 1772: Mademoiselle de Guignes and Mademoiselle d'Aguillon fight a duel in France.
- 1775: On Dec. 11, 1775, Jemima Warner was killed by an enemy bullet during the siege of Quebec. Mrs. Warner had originally accompanied her husband, PVT James Warner of Thompson’s Pennsylvania Rifle Battalion, to Canada because she feared that he would become sick on the campaign trail and she wanted to nurse him. When PVT Warner eventually died in the wilderness en route to Quebec, Mrs. Warner buried him and stayed with the battalion as a cook.
- November 16, 1776: Margaret CorbinMargaret CorbinMargaret Corbin was a woman who fought in the American Revolutionary War On November 16, 1776, she and her husband, John Corbin, both from Philadelphia, along with some 600 American soldiers, were defending Fort Washington in northern Manhattan from 4,000 attacking Hessian troops under British...
assists her husband in manning the cannons while fighting the British in battle in the American Revolutionary War. When her husband is killed, she mans the cannons alone. She later became the first woman to earn a military pension. - April 26, 1777: Sybil LudingtonSybil LudingtonSybil Ludington , daughter of Col. Henry Ludington, was a heroine of the American Revolutionary War who became famous for her night ride on April 26, 1777 to alert American colonial forces to the approach of enemy troops...
warns colonists that the British were burning the city of Danbury, ConnecticutDanbury, ConnecticutDanbury is a city in northern Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. It had population at the 2010 census of 80,893. Danbury is the fourth largest city in Fairfield County and is the seventh largest city in Connecticut....
during the American Revolution. - 1777: Mademoiselle Leverriére fights a duel with a man in France.
- 1778: Baltazara ChuizaBaltazara ChuizaBaltazara Chuiza was a woman who led a rebellion in Ecuador against the Spanish in 1778.- References :...
leads a rebellion against the Spanish in Ecuador. - 1778: Sikh princess Bibi Rajindar KaurBibi Rajindar KaurBibi Rajindar Kaur, also known as Rajindan, was a Sikh princess. In 1778, her first cousin Raja Amar Singh of Patiala was defeated by Hari Singh of Sialba. She led 3,000 soldiers to rescue him. She also defended the city of Patiala against Maratha attacks.-Source:*...
leads 3,000 soldiers to rescue her cousin who was defeated by Hari SinghHari SinghMaharaja Hari Singh was the last ruling Maharaja of the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir in India.He was married four times...
. - 1778: Molly PitcherMolly PitcherMolly Pitcher was a nickname given to a woman said to have fought in the American Revolutionary War, who is generally believed to have been Mary Ludwig Hays...
(born Mary Ludwig in 1754) married John Hays in 1769. Her husband fought for the Continental ArmyContinental ArmyThe Continental Army was formed after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War by the colonies that became the United States of America. Established by a resolution of the Continental Congress on June 14, 1775, it was created to coordinate the military efforts of the Thirteen Colonies in...
at the Battle of MonmouthBattle of MonmouthThe Battle of Monmouth was an American Revolutionary War battle fought on June 28, 1778 in Monmouth County, New Jersey. The Continental Army under General George Washington attacked the rear of the British Army column commanded by Lieutenant General Sir Henry Clinton as they left Monmouth Court...
(New Jersey) on June 28, 1778. During the battle, she brought pitchers of water to her husband and fellow soldiers, thus earning the appellation Molly Pitcher. When her husband succumbed to exhaustion, she picked up his rifle and fought against the British. - 1778: Ann BatesAnn BatesAnn Bates , was a loyalist American who spied for the British during the American War of Independence.A Philadelphia schoolteacher, she was married to a man assigned to a British Army unit as an artillery repairman. Her husband joined the British troops evacuating Philadelphia and marching to New...
serves as a spy for the British loyalists during the American Revolutionary WarAmerican Revolutionary WarThe American Revolutionary War , the American War of Independence, or simply the Revolutionary War, began as a war between the Kingdom of Great Britain and thirteen British colonies in North America, and ended in a global war between several European great powers.The war was the result of the...
.
1780s
- 1780: Rani Velu NachiarRani Velu NachiarRani Velu Nachiyar was an 18th century Indian Queen from Sivaganga. Rani Velu Nachiyar is the first Queen of Tamil Origin to fight against the British in India. -Her life:...
of Sivagangai Poligar. - 1780: Veerathaai KUILI Close associate to Velu Nachiyar & the world's first suicide attacker.
- 1780: Manuela BeltránManuela BeltránManuela Beltrán was a Colombian woman who organized a peasant revolt against excess taxation in 1780.-General settings:The information concerning the biography of Manuela Beltran is scarce and fragmented...
organizes a peasant revolt in Colombia. - 1780: Huillac ÑuscaHuillac ÑuscaÑusta Huillac was a Kolla leader who rebelled against the Spanish in Chile in 1780. She was nicknamed La Tirana because of her mistreatment of prisoners. She fell in love with Vasco de Almeida, one of her prisoners, and pleaded with her people for him...
of the Kolla tribe rebels against the Spanish in Chile. - 1780s: Swedish runaway Carin du RietzCarin du RietzCarin or Karin du Rietz was a Swedish woman who became a soldier at the Royal guard in the guise of a man. She was the first woman in the Swedish royal guard...
becomes a soldier at the royal guard. - 1781: A French-Canadian woman called "Miss JennyMiss JennyMiss Jenny was a spy during the American Revolutionary War on the side of the British loyalists.Miss Jenny, a French-speaking woman whose real-life identity was never confirmed, infiltrated the French troops who were fighting on the American side and reported the movements of French and American...
" serves as a spy for the British during the American Revolutionary WarAmerican Revolutionary WarThe American Revolutionary War , the American War of Independence, or simply the Revolutionary War, began as a war between the Kingdom of Great Britain and thirteen British colonies in North America, and ended in a global war between several European great powers.The war was the result of the...
. - 1781: Margaret Thompson serves in the British Marines under the name George Thompson.
- 1781: Kate BarryKate BarryMargaret Catharine Moore , later known as Kate Barry, was a heroine of the American Revolutionary War. She was daughter of Charles and Mary Moore, and the eldest of ten children. She married Andrew Barry in 1767 at the age of 15, and lived on Walnut Grove Plantation in Roebuck, South Carolina...
warns the American militia that the British were approaching before the Battle of CowpensBattle of CowpensThe Battle of Cowpens was a decisive victory by Patriot Revolutionary forces under Brigadier General Daniel Morgan, in the Southern campaign of the American Revolutionary War...
. Her warning gives the colonists enough time to prepare and win the battle. - 1782: Bartolina SisaBartolina SisaBartolina Sisa was an Aymara woman, an indigenous heroine and the wife of Tupac Katari. Her date of birth is uncertain, some sources give it as August 24, 1753, while others give it as August 12, 1750...
, an Aymara woman who led an indigenous uprising against the Spanish in Bolivia, is captured and executed. - 1782-1783: Deborah SampsonDeborah SampsonDeborah Samson Gannett , better known as Deborah Sampson, was an American woman who impersonated a man in order to serve in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. She is one of a small number of women with a documented record of military combat experience in that war...
serves in the American army during the American Revolutionary WarAmerican Revolutionary WarThe American Revolutionary War , the American War of Independence, or simply the Revolutionary War, began as a war between the Kingdom of Great Britain and thirteen British colonies in North America, and ended in a global war between several European great powers.The war was the result of the...
while disguised as a man. She is the first known American woman to join the military, the first to fight in combat, and the first to receive a military pension. - 1783: Kauwahine, wife of King Kahekili IIKahekili IIKahekili II, full name Kahekilinuiahumanu, was the twenty fifth King of Maui. His name was short for Kāne-Hekili after the Hawaiian god of thunder. Because Kāne-Hekili was believed to be black on one side, Kahekili tattooed one side of his body from head to foot.-Family:He was born about...
of Maui, fought valiantly at his side and defeated the Oahuan army under King KahahanaKahahanaKahahana was the 22nd Alii Aimoku of Oahu and Alii Aimoku of Molokai. He ruled the island of Oahu and its tributary, the island of Molokai, from 1773 until his death in 1783. He was elected by the Oahu nobility to succeed Kumahana as Moi of Oahu. This was the second king to be elected to succeed...
at the Battle of Kaheiki Stream - 1785: According to ThaiThailandThailand , officially the Kingdom of Thailand , formerly known as Siam , is a country located at the centre of the Indochina peninsula and Southeast Asia. It is bordered to the north by Burma and Laos, to the east by Laos and Cambodia, to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia, and to the...
legend, Chan and MookChan and MookThao Thep Kasattri and Thao Sri Sunthon were styles awarded to Than Phuying Chan , wife of the then recently deceased governor, and her sister, Khun Muk , who defended Phuket Province in the late eighteenth century. According to popular belief, they repelled a five-week invasion by Burmaese in...
, two sisters, help repel a Burmese invasion of ThailandThailandThailand , officially the Kingdom of Thailand , formerly known as Siam , is a country located at the centre of the Indochina peninsula and Southeast Asia. It is bordered to the north by Burma and Laos, to the east by Laos and Cambodia, to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia, and to the...
by dressing as male soldiers and rallying the troops. - October 25, 1785: ToypurinaToypurinaToypurina was a Tongva/Gabrieliño Native American medicine woman who opposed the rule of colonization by Spanish missionaries in California, and led an unsuccessful rebellion against them....
, a Tongva medicine woman, rebels against the Spanish, leading an attack against Mission San Gabriel ArcángelMission San Gabriel ArcángelThe Mission San Gabriel Arcángel is a fully functioning Roman Catholic mission and a historic landmark in San Gabriel, California. The settlement was founded by Spaniards of the Franciscan order on "The Feast of the Birth of Mary," September 8, 1771, as the fourth of what would become 21 Spanish...
. - 1787-1807: A woman serves twenty years in the British Marines under the name "Tom Bowling".
- 1788-1790 : After the war between RussiaRussiaRussia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
and SwedenSwedenSweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund....
, several of the soldiers decorated in the Swedish army are discovered to be women in disguise. One of them is Brita HagbergBrita HagbergBrita Christina Hagberg, née Nilsdotter, alias Petter Hagberg, , was a woman who served as a soldier in the Swedish army during the Russo-Swedish War...
, who enlisted in search of her husband; she is given a military pension. - 1788-1790 : During the Russo-Swedish war, Anna Maria EngstenAnna Maria EngstenAnna Maria Jansdotter Engsten was by King Gustav III of Sweden awarded with a medal in silver for Valour in Battle at Sea for her acts during the Russo-Swedish war of 1788-1790....
, after a battle at sea, singlehandedly steers one of the boats back to Sweden after having been left alone onboard after its evacuation; she is decorated for bravery at sea http://runeberg.org/sqvinnor/0156.html. - 1788-1790 : During the Battle of Svensksund, Dorothea Maria LöschDorothea Maria LöschDorothea Maria Lösch, as married Theslöf, , Swedish master mariner. She was the first woman in Sweden to be given the rank of a sea captain....
takes command of a Swedish ship and is revarded with the rank of captain of the Swedish fleet http://runeberg.org/sqvinnor/0280.html. - 1789: Female revolutionary Anne Josephe Theroigne de MericourtAnne Josephe Theroigne de MericourtAnne-Josèphe Théroigne de Méricourt , a French woman who was a figure in the French Revolution, was born at Marcourt , a small town in Luxembourg province in modern Belgium, on the banks of the Ourthe...
leads the storming of the Bastille in Paris at the beginning of the French RevolutionFrench RevolutionThe French Revolution , sometimes distinguished as the 'Great French Revolution' , was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France and Europe. The absolute monarchy that had ruled France for centuries collapsed in three years...
. She also leads female troops in 1792-1793.
1790s
- 1792: Reine AuduReine AuduLouise-Renée Leduc, known as Louise Reine Audu, was a French fruit seller, known for her participation in the French revolution. She was counted as one of the Heroines of the revolution....
participates in the fight with the Swiss guards in the storming of the Tuileries PalaceTuileries PalaceThe Tuileries Palace was a royal palace in Paris which stood on the right bank of the River Seine until 1871, when it was destroyed in the upheaval during the suppression of the Paris Commune...
. - 1792: Two hundred and eighty women participate in defense of the city of Frauenbrünn in Switzerland.
- 1792: The AlbanianAlbaniansAlbanians are a nation and ethnic group native to Albania and neighbouring countries. They speak the Albanian language. More than half of all Albanians live in Albania and Kosovo...
woman Moscho TzavelaMoscho TzavelaMoscho Tzavela was a Souliote heroine of the years before the outbreak of the Greek War of Independence, who has been mentioned in modern Greek and Albanian literature....
leads several women in defense of their village against the Turks. - 1792: Eight thousand women are estimated to have served openly in the French army in informal local defense troops (though not in the battle fields) between 1792 and 1794. Women were forbidden from joining the army 1795 and the female soldiers are encouraged to "return to their homes".
- 1792: Mary Anne TalbotMary Anne TalbotMary Anne Talbot was an Englishwoman who wore maleMary Anne Talbot was born in London. Later she claimed that she was one of the sixteen illegitimate children of Lord William Talbot, Baron of Hensol...
serves as a drummer boy in the British army for two years. - 1792: Lady Braddock and Mrs. Elphinstone fight a duel in England.
- 1792-1799: Angelique BrulonAngelique BrulonAngelique Brulon, or Marie Angélique Duchemin , was a French soldier.Brulon served from 1792–1799 in the defence of Corsica. She initially fought disguised as a man, but was eventually discovered to be a woman. Despite this, she had shown such valour in battle that she was allowed to remain in...
serves in the French army in Corsica. Although she initially disguises her self as a man, she is eventually allowed to remain openly in her service because of her acknowledged military skill. - 1793: Suzanne Belair, called Sanité BelairSanité BelairSuzanne Bélair, called Sanité Belair, , was an Haitian Freedom fighter and revolutionary, sergeant in the army of Toussaint Louverture....
, serves in the armé of Toussaint Louverture in the Haitian RevolutionHaitian RevolutionThe Haitian Revolution was a period of conflict in the French colony of Saint-Domingue, which culminated in the elimination of slavery there and the founding of the Haitian republic...
. She was promoted to sergeant, and was executed by the French in 1802. Victoria MontouVictoria MontouVictoria Montou, known as Toya , was a soldier and freedom fighter in the army of Jean-Jacques Dessalines during the Haitian revolution. She was reportedly the aunt of Dessalines....
serves in the army of Jean-Jacques DessalinesJean-Jacques DessalinesJean-Jacques Dessalines was a leader of the Haitian Revolution and the first ruler of an independent Haiti under the 1801 constitution. Initially regarded as Governor-General, Dessalines later named himself Emperor Jacques I of Haiti...
during the Haitian Revolution. - 1793: Renée BordereauRenée BordereauRenée Bordereau , nicknamed The Angevin, was a French woman who disguised herself as a man and fought as a Royalist cavalier in the troops of Charles Melchior Artus de Bonchamps during the Vendéan insurrection against the French Revolution .She is reputed to have killed some twenty of the opposing...
disguises herself as a man and fights as a Royalist cavalier in the French Revolution. - 1793-1800: Therese Figeur serves in the French army.
- 1796: Sikh princess Bibi Sahib KaurBibi Sahib KaurBibi Sahib Kaur was a Sikh princess and elder sister of Raja Sahib Singh of Patiala. Her brother recalled her after her marriage and appointed her prime minister in 1793. She led armies into battle against the British and was one of few Punjabi Sikh women to win battles against a British...
leads armies into battle against the British. She is the only Indian woman to win battles against a British general. - 1796-1798: Wang Cong'erWang Cong'erWang Cong'er was a female Chinese leader of anti-Manchu White Lotus Rebellion during the reign of the Qing dynasty.-White Lotus Sect:The White Lotus Sect originated during the Yuan Dynasty. Wang Cong’er led the uprising of the White Lotus sect against the Qing regime. She reportedly used Kung Fu...
is the leader and commander of the White Lotus rebellion in China. - 1797: Margaret CatchpoleMargaret CatchpoleMargaret Catchpole , a British adventuress, chronicler and criminal, born in Suffolk she worked as a servant in various houses before being convicted of stealing a horse and later escaping from Ipswich Gaol. Following her capture she was transported to Australia...
serves in the British Marines as a man. - 1798: Mary Ann Riley and Anne Hopping serve in the British Marines during the Battle of the NileBattle of the NileThe Battle of the Nile was a major naval battle fought between British and French fleets at Aboukir Bay on the Mediterranean coast of Egypt from 1–3 August 1798...
against the French outside Egypt. - 1798: Mary Doyle, an Irish woman, participates in the Irish rebellion against the British.
See also
- Timeline of women in early modern warfareTimeline of women in early modern warfareWarfare through history has mainly been a matter for men, but women have also played a role, often a leading one. The following list of prominent women in war and their exploits from about 1500 AD up to about 1750 AD suggests the wider involvement of numerous unnamed women, some of them thrust into...
- Timeline of women in 19th century warfareTimeline of women in 19th century warfareWarfare through history has mainly been a matter for men, but women have also played a role, often a leading one. The following list of prominent women in war and their exploits from about 1800 up to about 1899 can only indicate the involvement of women, some of them thrust into positions of...
External links
- http://www.lothene.demon.co.uk/others/women.html
- http://www.users.bigpond.com/ShipStreetPress/Snell/Morestories.htm