Tillicoultry
Encyclopedia
Tillicoultry

One of the Hillfoots Villages
Hillfoots Villages
The Hillfoots Villages are the villages and small towns which lie at the base of the southern scarp face of the Ochil Hills, formed by the Ochil Fault, in Stirlingshire and Clackmannanshire in central Scotland....

 on the A91, which runs from Stirling
Stirling
Stirling is a city and former ancient burgh in Scotland, and is at the heart of the wider Stirling council area. The city is clustered around a large fortress and medieval old-town beside the River Forth...

 to St. Andrews, Tillicoultry is situated at the southern base of the Ochil Hills
Ochil Hills
The Ochil Hills is a range of hills in Scotland north of the Forth valley bordered by the towns of Stirling, Alloa, Kinross and Perth. The only major roads crossing the hills pass through Glen Devon/Glen Eagles and Glenfarg, the latter now largely replaced except for local traffic by the M90...

, which provide a spectacular backdrop. The River Devon lies to the south. The river also runs through neighbouring villages Dollar
Dollar, Clackmannanshire
Dollar is a small town in Clackmannanshire, Scotland. It is one of the Hillfoots Villages, situated between the Ochil Hills range to the north and the River Devon to the south. Dollar is on the A91 road, which runs from Stirling to St. Andrews. The town is around 3 miles east of Tillicoultry...

 and Alva to the east and west respectively. The former mining village
Pit village
A pit village is a term used in the UK for the village serving a deep coal mine.Many of the workers lived in houses that were provided by the colliery. Many villages have experienced depopulation after colliery closures forced people to move to other towns and cities where there are jobs for them...

 of Coalsnaughton
Coalsnaughton
Coalsnaughton or Calibar is a village in Clackmannanshire, Scotland. It is just south of Tillicoultry....

 lies just south, whilst Alloa
Alloa
Alloa is a town and former burgh in Clackmannanshire, set in the Central Lowlands of Scotland. It lies on on the north bank of the Firth of Forth close to the foot of the Ochil Hills, east of Stirling and north of Falkirk....

 lies four miles south-west.

For brevity, Tillicoultry is often referred to as 'Tilly' by the locals.

The mount referred to by the name is most likely Kirkhill at the east of the town. An alternative Latin etymology, Tellus culta - the cultivated land - was suggested by Rev. William Osborne, who was minister of the parish from 1773 to 1794, however, this is extremely unlikely as the prefix "tilly-" or "tullie-" can be found in a number of other Scottish names where it anglicises "Tulach".

History

The estate of Tillicoultry was taken from Aleumus de Meser in 1261 by Alexander III
Alexander III of Scotland
Alexander III was King of Scots from 1249 to his death.-Life:...

 for failure to render due feudal services. The estate had originally been received by de Meser's father, also Aleumus, from Alexander II
Alexander II of Scotland
Alexander II was King of Scots from1214 to his death.-Early life:...

. It was then granted to William Count of Mar and remained in possession of the Mar family until 1483, when it changed hands to the ancestors of Lord Colville of Culross. By 1634 it was sold to Sir William Alexander of Menstrie (later, 1st Earl of Stirling). Between 1644 and 1840, ownership of the estate changed hands frequently.

The origins of the village lie in the Westertown (previously Cairnstown) area, where the road to Stirling crossed the Tillicoultry Burn
Burn (stream)
In Scotland, North East England and some parts of Ireland and New Zealand, burn is a name for watercourses from large streams to small rivers. The term is also used in lands settled by the Scots and Northern English in other countries, notably in Otago, New Zealand, where much of the naming was...

. It is thought that the centre of Westertown was probably in the area now known as Shillinghill.

There are records of a Parish church
Parish church
A parish church , in Christianity, is the church which acts as the religious centre of a parish, the basic administrative unit of episcopal churches....

 existing in Tillicoultry from 1639, the current minister being Colin Coyle, who only recently replaced the shamed Neil McMurray, and knowledge of cloth manufacture dating from the 1560s. Traces of a Druid
Druid
A druid was a member of the priestly class in Britain, Ireland, and Gaul, and possibly other parts of Celtic western Europe, during the Iron Age....

 circle, sixty feet in diameter, were found in the eastern area of the parish at the end of the 18th century. A Pictish fortress stood upon the Castle Craig, near the current site of Craigfoot Quarry on Wood Hill
Ochil Hills
The Ochil Hills is a range of hills in Scotland north of the Forth valley bordered by the towns of Stirling, Alloa, Kinross and Perth. The only major roads crossing the hills pass through Glen Devon/Glen Eagles and Glenfarg, the latter now largely replaced except for local traffic by the M90...

, to the west of Tillicoultry Glen
Glen
A glen is a valley, typically one that is long, deep, and often glacially U-shaped; or one with a watercourse running through such a valley. Whittow defines it as a "Scottish term for a deep valley in the Highlands" that is "narrower than a strath."...

. This has long since been ruined, however legend has it that the stone of the fortress was employed in the building of Stirling Castle
Stirling Castle
Stirling Castle, located in Stirling, is one of the largest and most important castles, both historically and architecturally, in Scotland. The castle sits atop Castle Hill, an intrusive crag, which forms part of the Stirling Sill geological formation. It is surrounded on three sides by steep...

.

Due to the rapid growth of the village during the 19th century, there were problems with overcrowding, poor housing, high infant mortality, water supply and drainage. In an attempt to address these problems, Tillicoultry Burgh
Burgh
A burgh was an autonomous corporate entity in Scotland and Northern England, usually a town. This type of administrative division existed from the 12th century, when King David I created the first royal burghs. Burgh status was broadly analogous to borough status, found in the rest of the United...

 was created in 1871. It lasted until 1975 when it disappeared as a result of local government reorganisation.
Around 1930, one of the first bus stations in the country was built at Murray Square to serve the eight bus services which terminated in the town. The original glass and cast iron
Cast iron
Cast iron is derived from pig iron, and while it usually refers to gray iron, it also identifies a large group of ferrous alloys which solidify with a eutectic. The color of a fractured surface can be used to identify an alloy. White cast iron is named after its white surface when fractured, due...

 shelters were replaced by modern shelters some time ago. Despite the growth in car ownership and the corresponding decline in public transport
Public transport
Public transport is a shared passenger transportation service which is available for use by the general public, as distinct from modes such as taxicab, car pooling or hired buses which are not shared by strangers without private arrangement.Public transport modes include buses, trolleybuses, trams...

, Tillicoultry, and indeed all the Hillfoots villages, retain a regular bus service.

The old Harviestoun
Harviestoun
Harviestoun, is an estate in Tillicoultry parish, Clackmannanshire. It lies at the base of the Ochil Hills, East-North-East of the town. Harviestoun Castle, was built in 1804 by Craufurd Tait after inheriting the estate from his father John Tait in 1800...

 estate, where Archibald Tait (1811–82), Archbishop of Canterbury
Archbishop of Canterbury
The Archbishop of Canterbury is the senior bishop and principal leader of the Church of England, the symbolic head of the worldwide Anglican Communion, and the diocesan bishop of the Diocese of Canterbury. In his role as head of the Anglican Communion, the archbishop leads the third largest group...

, spent much of his boyhood, lies East-North-East of the village. Robert Burns
Robert Burns
Robert Burns was a Scottish poet and a lyricist. He is widely regarded as the national poet of Scotland, and is celebrated worldwide...

 visited the estate in the summer of 1787, during his stay he wrote The Banks of the Devon and Fairest Maid on Devon Banks. A commemorative cairn
Cairn
Cairn is a term used mainly in the English-speaking world for a man-made pile of stones. It comes from the or . Cairns are found all over the world in uplands, on moorland, on mountaintops, near waterways and on sea cliffs, and also in barren desert and tundra areas...

 at the roadside, near the east lodge to Harviestoun, marks this event.

Industry

The burn which runs off the Ochils and down through the glen
Glen
A glen is a valley, typically one that is long, deep, and often glacially U-shaped; or one with a watercourse running through such a valley. Whittow defines it as a "Scottish term for a deep valley in the Highlands" that is "narrower than a strath."...

 into west of the village provided an attractive source of water for the early textile
Textile
A textile or cloth is a flexible woven material consisting of a network of natural or artificial fibres often referred to as thread or yarn. Yarn is produced by spinning raw fibres of wool, flax, cotton, or other material to produce long strands...

 industry in Tillicoultry, being used for the washing and dying of wool. During the early 18th century a cloth known as Tillicoultry Serge
Serge
Serge is a type of twill fabric that has diagonal lines or ridges on both sides, made with a two-up, two-down weave. The worsted variety is used in making military uniforms, suits, great coats and trench coats. Its counterpart, silk serge, is used for linings. French serge is a softer, finer variety...

 was manufactured by weaving worsted
Worsted
Worsted , is the name of a yarn, the cloth made from this yarn, and a yarn weight category. The name derives from the village of Worstead in the English county of Norfolk...

 with linen
Linen
Linen is a textile made from the fibers of the flax plant, Linum usitatissimum. Linen is labor-intensive to manufacture, but when it is made into garments, it is valued for its exceptional coolness and freshness in hot weather....

.

By the time of the industrial revolution
Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution was a period from the 18th to the 19th century where major changes in agriculture, manufacturing, mining, transportation, and technology had a profound effect on the social, economic and cultural conditions of the times...

 the burn was a recognised source of power, with the first mill being established in the 1790s. Many more textile mills were built along the burnside, by the 1830s, steam powered mills were introduced and by 1870 there were 12 mills employing over 2000 people. As the industry expanded, more workers were attracted to the village. The population of the parish, which had stood less than 1000 at the turn of the 19th century, had grown to over 4500 by the early 1850s.

Textile mills and coal
Coal
Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds or coal seams. The harder forms, such as anthracite coal, can be regarded as metamorphic rock because of later exposure to elevated temperature and pressure...

 mines remained the biggest employers of the local population until the first half of the 20th century. In the 1950s the most recent colliery (map) to be worked, on the south bank of the River Devon, set new productivity records due to a high level of mechanisation. Its impressive adit
Adit
An adit is an entrance to an underground mine which is horizontal or nearly horizontal, by which the mine can be entered, drained of water, and ventilated.-Construction:...

 entrance, now safely bricked up, can still be seen. In 1851, due to the importance of Tillicoultry as an industrial centre, it became the first Hillfoots village to have a rail connection.

In 1921 Samuel Jones Limited established a paper mill at Devonvale, the current site of Sterling Furniture
Sterling Furniture
Sterling Furniture is Scotland's largest furniture retail development based in Tillicoultry, Clackmannanshire. It was founded in 1974 by Stirling-based furniture retailer George Knowles, who based its concept on the out-of-town retail developments which had been successful in the United States...

. In 1926, 33 people were employed at the site and the firm returned its first profit. By 1936, 238 staff were employed by the company. Sydney Platfoot was appointed Managing Director of the Devonvale works in 1922, he later went on to become town provost
Provost (civil)
A provost is the ceremonial head of many Scottish local authorities, and under the name prévôt was a governmental position of varying importance in Ancien Regime France.-History:...

 from 1930 to 1936. In 1964, the company merged with Wiggins Teape and by 1967 employed a fifth of the working population.

Quartz-dolerite
Quartz-dolerite
An intrusive rock, similar to dolerite, but with an excess of quartz. Dolerite is similar in composition to basalt, which is eruptive , and gabbro, which is plutonic. The differing crystal sizes are due to the different rate of cooling, basalt cools quickly and has a very fine structure, while...

 was first extracted in 1930 from the now inoperative Craigfoot Quarry
Quarry
A quarry is a type of open-pit mine from which rock or minerals are extracted. Quarries are generally used for extracting building materials, such as dimension stone, construction aggregate, riprap, sand, and gravel. They are often collocated with concrete and asphalt plants due to the requirement...

 (map), however quarrying had taken place on a smaller scale at the site since 1880. On January 26, 1949 the quarry was the site of a tragic explosion when a magazine
Magazine (artillery)
Magazine is the name for an item or place within which ammunition is stored. It is taken from the Arabic word "makahazin" meaning "warehouse".-Ammunition storage areas:...

 containing 150 lb of explosive detonated killing quarryman Alexander Honeyman and blowing out doors and windows in the Shillinghill and Upper Mill Street area.

The Flood of 1877

Following a particularly wet summer and torrential rainfall over a 12 hour period, Tillicoultry Burn burst its banks on the morning of August 28, 1877. Flooding was widespread throughout Devon Valley
River Devon, Clackmannanshire
The River Devon is a tributary of the River Forth in Clackmannanshire, Scotland.-Geography:The source of the river is Blairdenon Hill in the Ochils at an altitude of ....

, both Alloa Railway station and Alloa Brewery were submerged, crops were destroyed around Tullibody
Tullibody
Tullibody is a town set in the Central Lowlands of Scotland. It lies north of the River Forth near to the foot of the Ochil Hills within the Forth Valley. The town is south-west of Alva, north-west of Alloa and east-northeast of Stirling...

 and there was extensive property damage in Dollar also. The Alloa Advertiser described the rainfall as 'not simply heavy rain; it was a terrific downpour- persistent, incessant, it fell in bucketfuls- to use our expressive vernacular it came down like "hale water"'.

Workers in mills to the west side of the burn were trapped in their workplaces, unable to cross Mill Street due to the flood water. By breakfast time the houses and shops of High Street were under three feet of water.

Three people, Castle Mill owner William Hutchison, dyer William Stillie and Isabella Miller, a young factory worker, were swept away when the bridge on which they were standing collapsed into the flood waters. The collapse was probably due to the impact of water-borne debris upon the embankment on which the foundation of the bridge stood. Both William Hutchison and Isabella Miller perished in the torrent, however William Stillie was rescued further downstream. Despite exhaustive searches, Isabella Miller's body was not recovered for several days. It was eventually discovered at Glenfoot, where the burn joins the River Devon.

The village was deprived of water and gas supplies for a week following the flood. The cost of repairs to the Burnside amounted to £2,000.

The Village Today

As the textile and coal mining industries declined, Tillicoultry became a popular commuter town
Commuter town
A commuter town is an urban community that is primarily residential, from which most of the workforce commutes out to earn their livelihood. Many commuter towns act as suburbs of a nearby metropolis that workers travel to daily, and many suburbs are commuter towns...

. Many of the mill buildings have been converted into residential accommodation. Tillicoultry railway station, which was situated opposite Devonvale Hall, was closed in 1964.

The Clock Mill, built by James and George Walker of Galashiels
Galashiels
Galashiels is a burgh in the Scottish Borders, on the Gala Water river. The name is often shortened to "Gala" .Galashiels is a major commercial centre for the Scottish Borders...

, which is situated at the top of Upper Mill Street, formerly a museum, then a business centre and now residential flats.

The village developed on an oblique grid pattern. A series of diagonal streets, mostly lined with attractive cottages, run between the High Street and Walker Terrace, which runs parallel. The eastern areas of the village has more recent residential developments, dating from the 1940s to present.

Tillicoultry is now best known for its large retail outlet, Sterling Furniture
Sterling Furniture
Sterling Furniture is Scotland's largest furniture retail development based in Tillicoultry, Clackmannanshire. It was founded in 1974 by Stirling-based furniture retailer George Knowles, who based its concept on the out-of-town retail developments which had been successful in the United States...

, based in the former Devonvale paper mill
Paper mill
A paper mill is a factory devoted to making paper from vegetable fibres such as wood pulp, old rags and other ingredients using a Fourdrinier machine or other type of paper machine.- History :...

 complex, as well as for the adjacent Sterling Mills shopping centre. It is also particularly well known as the home town of Lara Macleod, a sculptor now based in Edinburgh.

The village also has a 400 pupil Primary School, which is situated next to the Fir Park artificial ski slope. Secondary School
Secondary school
Secondary school is a term used to describe an educational institution where the final stage of schooling, known as secondary education and usually compulsory up to a specified age, takes place...

 aged children attend Alva Academy.

It has a picturesque 9 hole golf course, par 68. The course itself is very tricky and can make even the best golfer struggle. Few players can have good scores when the wind and rain pick up making it one of the most difficult courses in the Wee County.

Notable people

  • Captain J D Pollock VC
    James Dalgleish Pollock
    Captain James Dalgleish Pollock VC was a Scottish recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.-Details:...

    - a decorated First World War soldier was born in the village.
  • Major J L Dawson VC
    James Lennox Dawson
    Colonel James Lennox Dawson VC was a Scottish recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces....

    - decorated in the same action as Pollock and was also born in the village. Dawson and Pollock were second cousins.


For a small town of only a few thousand citizens, there has been an unusually high numbers of residents who have appeared in National TV shows:
  • Chris Mackay - a resident who appeared successfully on BBC Quiz show 'Mastermind' in 2004.

  • Bryan Keye - professional footballer for St Johnstone F.C.
    St Johnstone F.C.
    St. Johnstone F.C. is a professional football club based in Perth, Scotland. Although it is officially recorded as being formed in 1884, the club did not play its first game until February 1885. The club's home since 1989 has been McDiarmid Park....

     who also appeared on the BBC quiz show The Weakest Link
    The Weakest Link
    The Weakest Link is a television game show which first appeared in the United Kingdom on BBC Two on 14 August 2000 and will end its run in 2012 when its host Anne Robinson ends her contract. The original British version of the show airs around the world on BBC Entertainment...

    in 2009.

  • Gamu Nhengu - Most famously of all, a resident who auditioned for the seventh series of The X Factor
    The X Factor (UK)
    The X Factor is a British television music competition to find new singing talent. Created by Simon Cowell, it began in September 2004 and is contested by aspiring singers drawn from public auditions. It is the originator of the international X Factor franchise. The seven series of the show to date...

    in 2010 and gained nationwide media coverage after being rejected at the "judges' houses" stage.

External links

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