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Serge is a type of twill
Twill

Twill is a type of textile weaving with a pattern of diagonal parallel ribs.It is made by passing the weft thread over one or more Warp threads and then under two or more warp threads and so on, with a "step" or offset between rows to create the characteristic diagonal pattern....
 fabric
Textile

A textile is a flexible material consisting of a network of natural or artificial fibres often referred to as thread or yarn. Yarn is produced by Spinning raw wool fibres, linen, cotton, or other material on a spinning wheel to produce long strands known as yarn....
 that has diagonal lines or ridges on both sides, made with a two-up, two-down weave
Weave

Weave may refer to:*Hair weave*Mozilla Weave*Weaving...
. The worsted
Worsted

Worsted , is the name of a yarn, the cloth made from this yarn, and a yarn weight category. The name derives from the village of Worstead in the England county of Norfolk....
 variety is used in making military uniforms, suits, great and trench coat
Trench coat

A trench coat or trenchcoat is a raincoat made of waterproof heavy-duty cotton drill or poplin, wool gabardine, or in some cases leather: it generally has a removable Insulation lining; and it is usually knee-length or longer....
s. Its counterpart, silk
Silk

Silk is a natural protein fiber, some forms of which can be weaving into textiles. The best-known type of silk is obtained from Pupa#Cocoons made by the larvae of the mulberry silkworm Bombyx mori reared in captivity ....
 serge, is used for linings. French serge is a softer, finer variety. The word is also used for a high quality wool
Wool

Wool is the fiber derived from the specialized skin cells, called follicles, of animals in the Caprinae family, principally domestic sheep, but the hair of certain species of other Mammalia such as cashmere goat, llamas, rabbits and keeshonds may also be called wool....
en woven
Woven

A woven is a cloth formed by weaving. It only stretches in the bias directions , unless the threads are elastic. Woven cloth usually frays at the edges, unless measures are taken to counter this, such as the use of pinking shears or hemming....
.

name is derived from Old French
Old French

Old French was the Romance languages dialect continuum spoken in territories which span roughly the northern half of modern France and parts of modern Belgium and Switzerland from around 1000 to 1300....
 serge, itself from Latin
Latin

Latin is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Through the Military history of the Roman Empire, Latin spread throughout the Mediterranean and a large part of Europe....
 serica, from Greek
Greek language

Greek is an Indo-European languages native to the southern Balkan peninsula, the language of the Greek people. It forms an independent branch within Indo-European....
 s?????? (serikos), meaning "silken" .






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Serge is a type of twill
Twill

Twill is a type of textile weaving with a pattern of diagonal parallel ribs.It is made by passing the weft thread over one or more Warp threads and then under two or more warp threads and so on, with a "step" or offset between rows to create the characteristic diagonal pattern....
 fabric
Textile

A textile is a flexible material consisting of a network of natural or artificial fibres often referred to as thread or yarn. Yarn is produced by Spinning raw wool fibres, linen, cotton, or other material on a spinning wheel to produce long strands known as yarn....
 that has diagonal lines or ridges on both sides, made with a two-up, two-down weave
Weave

Weave may refer to:*Hair weave*Mozilla Weave*Weaving...
. The worsted
Worsted

Worsted , is the name of a yarn, the cloth made from this yarn, and a yarn weight category. The name derives from the village of Worstead in the England county of Norfolk....
 variety is used in making military uniforms, suits, great and trench coat
Trench coat

A trench coat or trenchcoat is a raincoat made of waterproof heavy-duty cotton drill or poplin, wool gabardine, or in some cases leather: it generally has a removable Insulation lining; and it is usually knee-length or longer....
s. Its counterpart, silk
Silk

Silk is a natural protein fiber, some forms of which can be weaving into textiles. The best-known type of silk is obtained from Pupa#Cocoons made by the larvae of the mulberry silkworm Bombyx mori reared in captivity ....
 serge, is used for linings. French serge is a softer, finer variety. The word is also used for a high quality wool
Wool

Wool is the fiber derived from the specialized skin cells, called follicles, of animals in the Caprinae family, principally domestic sheep, but the hair of certain species of other Mammalia such as cashmere goat, llamas, rabbits and keeshonds may also be called wool....
en woven
Woven

A woven is a cloth formed by weaving. It only stretches in the bias directions , unless the threads are elastic. Woven cloth usually frays at the edges, unless measures are taken to counter this, such as the use of pinking shears or hemming....
.

Etymology and history

The name is derived from Old French
Old French

Old French was the Romance languages dialect continuum spoken in territories which span roughly the northern half of modern France and parts of modern Belgium and Switzerland from around 1000 to 1300....
 serge, itself from Latin
Latin

Latin is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Through the Military history of the Roman Empire, Latin spread throughout the Mediterranean and a large part of Europe....
 serica, from Greek
Greek language

Greek is an Indo-European languages native to the southern Balkan peninsula, the language of the Greek people. It forms an independent branch within Indo-European....
 s?????? (serikos), meaning "silken" . The early association of silk serge, Greece, and France is shown by the discovery in Charlemagne
Charlemagne

Charlemagne was List of Frankish kings from 768 to his death. He expanded the Franks kingdoms into a Carolingian Empire that incorporated much of Western Europe and Central Europe....
's tomb of a piece of silk serge dyed with Byzantine
Byzantine Empire

Byzantine Empire and Eastern Roman Empire are conventional names used to describe the Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centered on its capital of Constantinople....
 motifs, evidently a gift from the Byzantine Imperial Court in the 8th or 9th century AD.

From early Saxon times, most English wool ("staples") was exported. In the early sixteenth century it went mainly to a Royal monopoly
Monopoly

In economics, a monopoly exists when a specific individual or enterprise has sufficient control over a particular product or service to determine significantly the terms on which other individuals shall have access to it....
 at Calais
Calais

Calais is a town in northern France in the Departments of France of Pas-de-Calais, of which it is a sub-prefecture. Although Calais is by far the largest city in Pas-de-Calais, the department's capital is its third-largest city of Arras....
 (then an English possession) and was woven into cloth in France or the Low Countries
Low Countries

The Low Countries, the historical region of de Nederlanden, are the country on low-lying land around the river delta of the Rhine, Scheldt, and Meuse River rivers....
. However, with the capture of Calais by the French on 7 January 1558, England began expanding its own weaving industry. This was greatly enhanced by the European Wars of Religion (Eighty Years' War, French Wars of Religion
French Wars of Religion

The French Wars of Religion is the name given to a period of civil war and military operations, primarily between France Roman Catholic Church and Protestantism , which also involved the factional struggles between the aristocratic houses of France such as the House of Bourbon and House of Guise ....
); in 1567 Calvinist
Calvinism

Calvinism is a theology system and an approach to the Christian life that emphasizes the rule of God over all things. It was developed by several theologians, but it bears the name of the French Protestant Reformation John Calvin because of his prominent influence on it and because of his role in the confessional and ecclesiastical debates t...
 refugees from the Low Countries included many skilled serge weavers, while Huguenot
Huguenot

The Huguenots were members of the Protestantism Reformed Church of France of France from the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries....
 refugees in the early eighteenth century included many silk and linen weavers. Denim
Denim

Denim is a rugged cotton twill textile, in which the weft passes under two or more Warp fibers. This produces the familiar diagonal ribbing identifiable on the reverse of the fabric, which distinguishes denim from cotton duck....
 is a cotton
Cotton

Cotton is a soft, staple fiber that grows in a form known as a boll around the seeds of the cotton plant a shrub native to tropical and subtropical regions around the world, including the Americas, India and Africa....
 fabric with a similar weave; its name is believed to be derived from "serge de Nīmes" after Nīmes
Nīmes

N?mes is a city in southern France. It is the capital of the Gard Departments of France. N?mes has a rich history, dating back to the Roman Empire, and it is a popular tourist destination....
 in France.

See also

  • Tweed
    Tweed (cloth)

    Tweed is a rough, unfinished woolen textile, of a soft, open, flexible texture resembling Cheviot_ or Spinning #Hand spinning, but more closely weaving....
  • Red Serge
    Red Serge

    The Red Serge refers to the jacket of the dress uniform of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. It consists of a scarlet British military pattern tunic, replete with a high neck collar and shoulder epaulets of navy blue , polished brass buttons, and gold coloured metal or embroidered badges and insignia ....