In the history of the
Iberian PeninsulaThe Iberian Peninsula , sometimes called Iberia, is located in the extreme southwest of Europe and includes the modern-day sovereign states of Spain, Portugal and Andorra, as well as the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar...
, a
taifa (from
ṭā'ifa, plural طوائف
ṭawā'if) was an independent
MuslimA Muslim, also spelled Moslem, is an adherent of Islam, a monotheistic, Abrahamic religion based on the Quran, which Muslims consider the verbatim word of God as revealed to prophet Muhammad. "Muslim" is the Arabic term for "submitter" .Muslims believe that God is one and incomparable...
-ruled principality, usually an
emirateAn emirate is a political territory that is ruled by a dynastic Muslim monarch styled emir.-Etymology:Etymologically emirate or amirate is the quality, dignity, office or territorial competence of any emir ....
or
petty kingdomA petty kingdom is one of a number of small kingdoms, described as minor or "petty" by contrast to an empire or unified kingdom that either preceded or succeeded it...
, though there was one
oligarchyOligarchy is a form of power structure in which power effectively rests with an elite class distinguished by royalty, wealth, family ties, commercial, and/or military legitimacy...
, of which a number formed in the
Al-AndalusAl-Andalus was the Arabic name given to a nation and territorial region also commonly referred to as Moorish Iberia. The name describes parts of the Iberian Peninsula and Septimania governed by Muslims , at various times in the period between 711 and 1492, although the territorial boundaries...
(
MoorishThe description Moors has referred to several historic and modern populations of the Maghreb region who are predominately of Berber and Arab descent. They came to conquer and rule the Iberian Peninsula for nearly 800 years. At that time they were Muslim, although earlier the people had followed...
Iberia) after the final collapse of the
UmayyadThe Umayyad Caliphate was the second of the four major Arab caliphates established after the death of Muhammad. It was ruled by the Umayyad dynasty, whose name derives from Umayya ibn Abd Shams, the great-grandfather of the first Umayyad caliph. Although the Umayyad family originally came from the...
Caliphate of Córdoba in 1031.
Rise
The origins of the taifas must be sought in the administrative division of the Umayyad Caliphate of Córdoba, as well in the ethnic division of the elite of this state, divided among Arabs,
BerbersBerbers are the indigenous peoples of North Africa west of the Nile Valley. They are continuously distributed from the Atlantic to the Siwa oasis, in Egypt, and from the Mediterranean to the Niger River. Historically they spoke the Berber language or varieties of it, which together form a branch...
,
IberianThe Iberian Peninsula , sometimes called Iberia, is located in the extreme southwest of Europe and includes the modern-day sovereign states of Spain, Portugal and Andorra, as well as the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar...
Muslims (known as
MuladíesThe Muladi were Muslims of ethnic Iberian descent or of mixed Arab, Berber and European origin, who lived in Al-Andalus during the Middle Ages. They were also called "Musalima" .-Etymology:...
- the overwhelming majority) and the
Eastern European former slavesSaqaliba refers to the Slavs, particularly Slavic slaves and mercenaries in the medieval Arab world, in the Middle East, North Africa, Sicily and Al-Andalus. It is generally thought that the Arabic term is a Byzantine loanword: saqlab, siklab, saqlabi etc. is a corruption of Greek Sklavinoi for...
.
There was a second period when taifas arose, toward the middle of the 12th century, when the Almoravid rulers were in decline.
During the heyday of the taifas, in the 11th century and again in the mid 12th century, their
emirEmir , meaning "commander", "general", or "prince"; also transliterated as Amir, Aamir or Ameer) is a title of high office, used throughout the Muslim world...
s (rulers) competed among themselves, not only militarily but also for cultural prestige. They tried to recruit the most famous poets and artisans.
Decline
Reversing the trend of the Umayyad period, when the Christian kingdoms of the north often had to pay tribute to the Caliph, the disintegration of the Caliphate left the rival Muslim kingdoms much weaker than their Christian counterparts, particularly the Castilian-Leonese monarchy, and had to submit to them, paying tributes known as
pariasIn medieval Spain, parias were a form of tribute paid by the taifas of al-Andalus to the Christian kingdoms of the north...
.
Due to their military weakness,
taifa princes appealed for North African warriors to come fight Christian kings on two occasions. The Almoravids were invited after the fall of Toledo (1085), and the
AlmohadThe Almohad Dynasty , was a Moroccan Berber-Muslim dynasty founded in the 12th century that established a Berber state in Tinmel in the Atlas Mountains in roughly 1120.The movement was started by Ibn Tumart in the Masmuda tribe, followed by Abd al-Mu'min al-Gumi between 1130 and his...
s after the fall of
LisbonLisbon is the capital city and largest city of Portugal with a population of 545,245 within its administrative limits on a land area of . The urban area of Lisbon extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of 3 million on an area of , making it the 9th most populous urban...
(1147). These warriors did not in fact help the
taifa emirs but rather annexed their lands to their own North African empires.
Taifas often hired Christian
mercenariesA mercenary, is a person who takes part in an armed conflict based on the promise of material compensation rather than having a direct interest in, or a legal obligation to, the conflict itself. A non-conscript professional member of a regular army is not considered to be a mercenary although he...
to fight neighbouring realms (both Christian and Muslim). The most dynamic taifa, which conquered most of its neighbours before the Almoravid invasion, was
SevilleThe Taifa of Seville was a short lived medieval kingdom, in what is now southern Spain and Portugal. It originated in 1023 and lasted until 1091, and was under the rule of the Arab Abbadid family.-History:...
.
ZaragozaZaragoza , also called Saragossa in English, is the capital city of the Zaragoza Province and of the autonomous community of Aragon, Spain...
was also very powerful and expansive, but inhibited by the neighbour Christian states of the
PyreneesThe Pyrenees is a range of mountains in southwest Europe that forms a natural border between France and Spain...
. Zaragoza,
ToledoToledo's Alcázar became renowned in the 19th and 20th centuries as a military academy. At the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War in 1936 its garrison was famously besieged by Republican forces.-Economy:...
, and
BadajozBadajoz is the capital of the Province of Badajoz in the autonomous community of Extremadura, Spain, situated close to the Portuguese border, on the left bank of the river Guadiana, and the Madrid–Lisbon railway. The population in 2007 was 145,257....
had previously been the border military districts of the Caliphate.
First period (11th century)
- Albarracín
The Taifa of Albarracín was a medieval taifa kingdom that existed from 1012 to 1104.-List of Emirs:*Hudayl Djalaf 'Izz ad-Dawla: 1012-1045*Abu Marwan 'Abd al-Malik: 1045-1103*Yahya Husam ad-Dawla: 1103-1104-See also:* List of Sunni Muslim dynasties...
: 1011–1104 (to AlmoravidsThe Almoravids were a Berber dynasty of Morocco, who formed an empire in the 11th-century that stretched over the western Maghreb and Al-Andalus. Their capital was Marrakesh, a city which they founded in 1062 C.E...
)
- Algeciras
The Taifa of Algeciras was a medieval taifa kingdom in what is now southern Spain, that existed from 1035 to 1058.-History:The taifa was created in 1013, in the wake of the disintegration of the caliphate of Córdoba begun after 1009...
: 1035–1058 (to SevilleThe Taifa of Seville was a short lived medieval kingdom, in what is now southern Spain and Portugal. It originated in 1023 and lasted until 1091, and was under the rule of the Arab Abbadid family.-History:...
)
- Almería
The Taifa of Almería was a Muslim medieval kingdom in what is now the province of Almería in Spain...
: 1011–1091 (to Almoravids)
- Alpuente
The Taifa of Alpuente was a medieval taifa kingdom that existed from around 1009 to 1106.-Qasimid dynasty:*'Abd Allah I: c. 1009-1030*Muhammad I Yumn ad-Dawla: 1030-1042*Ahmad: 1042-1043*Muhammad II: 1043*'Abd Allah II: 1043-c. 1106-Sources:...
: 1009–1106 (to Almoravids)
- Arcos
The Taifa of Arcos was a medieval taifa kingdom that existed in two periods; first from 1011 to 1068 when it was conquered by the Taifa of Seville, and secondly from 1143 to 1145 when it was finally conquered by the Almohads.-Jizrunid dynasty:...
: 1011–1068 (to Seville)
- Badajoz
The Taifa of Badajoz was a medieval Muslim kingdom in what is now parts of Portugal and Spain and centred on the city of Badajoz which exists today as the first city of Extremadura, in Spain....
: 1009–1094 (to Almoravids)
- Carmona
The Taifa of Carmona was a medieval taifa kingdom that existed for two distinct periods; first from 1013 to 1066 when it was conquered by the Taifa of Seville, and secondly from around 1143 to 1150 when it was finally conquered by the Almohads...
: 1013–1091 (to Almoravids)
- Ceuta
The taifa of Ceuta was one of the taifa states formed after the breakup of the Caliphate of Córdoba in the early 11th century. The cities of Ceuta and Tangiers were a part of the Ḥammūdid taifa of Málaga from 1026. From 1036 it was governed on behalf of the Arab Ḥammūdids by the Barghawāṭa, a...
: 1061–1084 (to GranadaThe Taifa of Granada was a Moorish kingdom in Al-Andalus, within the present day Granada Province in southern Spain...
)
- Córdoba: 1031–1091 (to Seville)
- Denia
The taifa of Dénia was a Muslim kingdom in medieval Spain, ruling over part of the Valencian coast and Ibiza. With Dénia as its capital, the taifa included the Balearic Islands and parts of the Spanish mainland.- History :...
: 1010/1012–1076 (to ZaragozaThe taifa of Zaragoza was an independent Muslim state in Moorish Al-Andalus, present day eastern Spain, which was established in 1018 as one of the taifa kingdoms, which emerged in the 11th century following the destruction of the Caliphate of Córdoba in the Moorish Iberian Peninsula.During the...
)
- Granada
The Taifa of Granada was a Moorish kingdom in Al-Andalus, within the present day Granada Province in southern Spain...
: 1013–1090 (to Almoravids)
- Jérica: 11th century (to Toledo)
- Lisbon
The Taifa of Lisbon was a medieval taifa kingdom that existed in what is now Portugal from around 1022 to 1093.-Banu Sabur dynasty:*Abd al-Aziz bin Sabur: 1022– ?*Abd al-Malik bin Sabur: ? –c. 1065 ?**Seized briefly by León: 1093–5...
: 1022–? (to BadajozThe Taifa of Badajoz was a medieval Muslim kingdom in what is now parts of Portugal and Spain and centred on the city of Badajoz which exists today as the first city of Extremadura, in Spain....
)
- Lorca
The Taifa of Lorca was a Muslim medieval taifa kingdom in what is now southern Spain.The taifa was first created in 1042, when Lorca declared its independence from the emirate of Valencia. Its first governor was Ma'n Ibn Sumadih, its power exending from the city to Jaén and Baza.The taifa was...
: 1051–1091 (to Almoravids)
- Málaga
The Taifa of Málaga was a Muslim taifa kingdom in what is now southern Spain, which existed for four distinct time-periods: from 1026 to 1057, from 1073 to 1090, from 1145 to 1153 and from 1229 to 1239 when it was finally conquered by Granada.-First taifa:...
: 1026–1057/1058 (to GranadaThe Taifa of Granada was a Moorish kingdom in Al-Andalus, within the present day Granada Province in southern Spain...
); 1073–1090 (to Almoravids)
- Majorca
The Taifa of Majorca was a medieval Moorish taifa kingdom which existed from 1018 to 1203 in Majorca.-Mujahid dynasty:* Mujahid : 1018-1041* 'Ali Iqbal ud-Dawlah: 1041-1075-Aglabid dynasty:* Ibn Aglab al-Murtada: 1076-1093...
: 1018–1203 (to Almohads)
- Mértola
The Taifa of Mértola was a medieval taifa kingdom that existed in what is now southeastern Portugal for three distinct periods: from 1033 to 1044, from 1144 to 1145 and from 1146 to 1151 when it was finally conquered by the Almohads.-Tayfurid dynasty:...
: 1033–1091 (to Almoravids)
- Molina
The Taifa of Molina was a medieval taifa kingdom that existed from around the 1080s to 1100.-Sources:* http://web.raex.com/~obsidian/taifa.html...
: ?–1100 (to AragonThe Kingdom of Aragon was a medieval and early modern kingdom in the Iberian Peninsula, corresponding to the modern-day autonomous community of Aragon, in Spain...
)
- Morón
-Dammarid dynasty:*Abu Tuziri al-Dammari: ? -1013/4*Nuh: 1013/4-1041/2*Muhammad: 1041/2-1057*Manad: 1057-1066-Sources:* http://web.raex.com/~obsidian/taifa.html...
: 1013–1066 (to Seville)
- Murcia
The Taifa of Murcia was one of the Taifas of medieval Al-Andalus, in what is now southern Spain. It became independent as a taifa centered on the Moorish city of Murcia after the fall of the Omayyad Caliphate of Córdoba...
: 1011/1012–1065 (to ValenciaThe Taifa of Valencia was a medieval taifa kingdom which existed, in and around Valencia, Spain during four distinct periods: from 1010 to 1065, from 1075 to 1099, from 1145 to 1147 and last from 1229 to 1238 when it was finally conquered by Aragon....
)
- Murviedro and Sagunto
The Taifa of Murviedro and Sagunto was a medieval taifa kingdom that existed in a short period from 1086 to 1092.-Sources:* http://web.raex.com/~obsidian/taifa.html...
: 1086–1092 (to Almoravids)
- Niebla
The Taifa of Niebla was a taifa kingdom that existed for three distinct times: from 1023 to 1053, from 1145 to 1150 and from 1234 to 1262 when it was finally conquered by Castile.-Yahsubid dynasty:*Abu'l-Abbas Ahmad: 1023/4-1041/2...
: 1023/1024–1091 (to Seville)
- Ronda
The Taifa of Ronda was a medieval taifa kingdom that existed in Moorish al-Andalus from 1039 to 1065, when it was conquered by the taifa of Seville...
: 1039/1040–1065 (to Seville)
- Rueda: 1118–30 (to Aragon)
- Saltés and Huelva
The Taifa of Saltés and Huelva was a medieval taifa kingdom that existed in southern Iberia from around 1012 to 1051.-Sources:* http://web.raex.com/~obsidian/taifa.html...
: 1012/1013–1051/1053 (to Seville)
- Santa María de Algarve
The Taifa of Santa Maria do Algarve was a medieval taifa kingdom, in what is now southern Portugal, that existed from 1018 to 1051.-Harunid dynasty:*Sa'id: c. 1018-1041/2*Muhammad al-Mu'tasim: 1041/2-1051**To Seville: 1051-1091-Sources:...
: 1018–1051 (to Seville)
- Segorbe: 1065–1075 (to Almoravids)
- Seville
The Taifa of Seville was a short lived medieval kingdom, in what is now southern Spain and Portugal. It originated in 1023 and lasted until 1091, and was under the rule of the Arab Abbadid family.-History:...
: 1023–1091 (to Almoravids)
- Silves
The Taifa of Silves was a Muslim taifa kingdom that existed in what is now southern Portugal for two distinct periods: from 1040 to 1063, and again from 1144 to 1151 when it was finally conquered by the Almohads....
: 1040–1063 (to Seville)
- Toledo
The taifa of Toledo was a Muslim medieval kingdom located in what is now central Spain. It existed from the fracturing of the long-eminent Muslim Caliphate of Córdoba in 1035 until the Christian conquest in 1085.-History:...
: 1010/1031–1085 (to CastileKingdom of Castile was one of the medieval kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula. It emerged as a political autonomous entity in the 9th century. It was called County of Castile and was held in vassalage from the Kingdom of León. Its name comes from the host of castles constructed in the region...
)
- Tortosa
The Taifa of Tortosa was a medieval taifa kingdom which existed for two separate periods: from 1010 to 1060 and from 1081 to 1099.-Saqlabi dynasty:* Lab'ib : c. 1009-bfr. 1039/40* Muqatil Sayf al-Milla: bfr...
: 1039–1060 (to Zaragoza); 1081/1082–1092 (to DeniaThe taifa of Dénia was a Muslim kingdom in medieval Spain, ruling over part of the Valencian coast and Ibiza. With Dénia as its capital, the taifa included the Balearic Islands and parts of the Spanish mainland.- History :...
)
- Valencia
The Taifa of Valencia was a medieval taifa kingdom which existed, in and around Valencia, Spain during four distinct periods: from 1010 to 1065, from 1075 to 1099, from 1145 to 1147 and last from 1229 to 1238 when it was finally conquered by Aragon....
: 1010/1011–1094 (to El CidRodrigo Díaz de Vivar , known as El Cid Campeador , was a Castilian nobleman, military leader, and diplomat...
, nominally vassal of Castile)
- Zaragoza
The taifa of Zaragoza was an independent Muslim state in Moorish Al-Andalus, present day eastern Spain, which was established in 1018 as one of the taifa kingdoms, which emerged in the 11th century following the destruction of the Caliphate of Córdoba in the Moorish Iberian Peninsula.During the...
: 1018–1046 (to Banu Tujib; then to Banu HudThe Banu Hud were an Arab dynasty that ruled the taifa of Zaragoza from 1039-1110. In 1039, under the leadership of Al-Mustain I, Sulayman ibn Hud al-Judhami, the Bani Hud seized control of Zaragoza from a rival clan, the Banu Tujibi...
); 1046–1110 (to Almoravids; in 1118 to AragonAragon is a modern autonomous community in Spain, coextensive with the medieval Kingdom of Aragon. Located in northeastern Spain, the Aragonese autonomous community comprises three provinces : Huesca, Zaragoza, and Teruel. Its capital is Zaragoza...
)
Second period (12th century)
- Almería
The Taifa of Almería was a Muslim medieval kingdom in what is now the province of Almería in Spain...
: 1145–1147 (briefly to Castile and then to Almohads)
- Arcos
The Taifa of Arcos was a medieval taifa kingdom that existed in two periods; first from 1011 to 1068 when it was conquered by the Taifa of Seville, and secondly from 1143 to 1145 when it was finally conquered by the Almohads.-Jizrunid dynasty:...
: 1143 (to Almohads)
- Badajoz
The Taifa of Badajoz was a medieval Muslim kingdom in what is now parts of Portugal and Spain and centred on the city of Badajoz which exists today as the first city of Extremadura, in Spain....
: 1145–1150 (to Almohads)
- Beja and Évora: 1114–1150 (to Almohads)
- Carmona
The Taifa of Carmona was a medieval taifa kingdom that existed for two distinct periods; first from 1013 to 1066 when it was conquered by the Taifa of Seville, and secondly from around 1143 to 1150 when it was finally conquered by the Almohads...
: dates and destiny uncertain or unknown
- Constantina and Hornachuelos
The Taifa of Constantina and Hornachuelos was a medieval taifa kingdom that existed, in what is now southern Spain, from around 1143 to 1150 when it was conquered by the Almohads.-Sources:* http://web.raex.com/~obsidian/taifa.html...
: dates and destiny uncertain or unknown
- Granada
The Taifa of Granada was a Moorish kingdom in Al-Andalus, within the present day Granada Province in southern Spain...
: 1145 (to Almohads?)
- Guadix and Baza
The Taifa of Guadix and Baza was a medieval taifa kingdom that existed from only 1145 to 1151 when it was conquered by the Taifa of Murcia.-Sources:* http://web.raex.com/~obsidian/taifa.html...
: 1145–1151 (to MurciaThe Taifa of Murcia was one of the Taifas of medieval Al-Andalus, in what is now southern Spain. It became independent as a taifa centered on the Moorish city of Murcia after the fall of the Omayyad Caliphate of Córdoba...
)
- Jaén
The Taifa of Jaén was a medieval taifa kingdom that existed for only two very short periods, first in 1145 and secondly in 1168.-Huddid dynasty:*Abu Dja'far Ahmad Zafadola : 1145**To Morocco: 1145-1159**To Murcia: 1159-1168...
: 1145–1159 (Murcia); 1168 (to Almohads)
- Jerez
The Taifa of Jerez was a medieval taifa kingdom that existed in what is now southern Spain in 1145, until it was conquered by the Almohads.-List of Emirs:* Abu'l-Qaim Ahyal: 1145* Abu'l-Gammar: 1145* 'Ali: 1145** To the Almohads-Sources:...
: 1145 (to Almohads)
- Málaga
The Taifa of Málaga was a Muslim taifa kingdom in what is now southern Spain, which existed for four distinct time-periods: from 1026 to 1057, from 1073 to 1090, from 1145 to 1153 and from 1229 to 1239 when it was finally conquered by Granada.-First taifa:...
: 1145–1153 (to Almohads)
- Mértola
The Taifa of Mértola was a medieval taifa kingdom that existed in what is now southeastern Portugal for three distinct periods: from 1033 to 1044, from 1144 to 1145 and from 1146 to 1151 when it was finally conquered by the Almohads.-Tayfurid dynasty:...
: 1144–1145 (to BadajozThe Taifa of Badajoz was a medieval Muslim kingdom in what is now parts of Portugal and Spain and centred on the city of Badajoz which exists today as the first city of Extremadura, in Spain....
)
- Murcia
The Taifa of Murcia was one of the Taifas of medieval Al-Andalus, in what is now southern Spain. It became independent as a taifa centered on the Moorish city of Murcia after the fall of the Omayyad Caliphate of Córdoba...
: 1145 (to ValenciaThe Taifa of Valencia was a medieval taifa kingdom which existed, in and around Valencia, Spain during four distinct periods: from 1010 to 1065, from 1075 to 1099, from 1145 to 1147 and last from 1229 to 1238 when it was finally conquered by Aragon....
); 1147–1172 (to Almohads)
- Niebla
The Taifa of Niebla was a taifa kingdom that existed for three distinct times: from 1023 to 1053, from 1145 to 1150 and from 1234 to 1262 when it was finally conquered by Castile.-Yahsubid dynasty:*Abu'l-Abbas Ahmad: 1023/4-1041/2...
: 1145–1150? (to Almohads)
- Purchena
-Miqdamid dynasty:* Ibn Miqdam: fl. mid 12th cent. ** To Murcia: c. 1150-1172-Sources:* http://web.raex.com/~obsidian/taifa.html...
: dates and destiny uncertain or unknown
- Ronda
The Taifa of Ronda was a medieval taifa kingdom that existed in Moorish al-Andalus from 1039 to 1065, when it was conquered by the taifa of Seville...
: 1145 (to Almoravids)
- Santarém
The Taifa of Santarém was a medieval taifa kingdom in what is now Portugal which only existed from 1144 to 1145.-Labidid dynasty:* Labid: 1144-1145** To Badajoz: c. 1145-1147-Sources:* http://web.raex.com/~obsidian/taifa.html...
: ?–1147 (to PortugalThe Kingdom of Portugal was Portugal's general designation under the monarchy. The kingdom was located in the west of the Iberian Peninsula, Europe and existed from 1139 to 1910...
)
- Segura
The Taifa of Segura was a medieval taifa kingdom which existed from 1147 to probably around 1150.-Hamuskid dynasty:*Ibrahim: 1147- ?** To Murcia: c. 1150-1172-Sources:* http://web.raex.com/~obsidian/taifa.html...
: 1147–? (destiny unknown)
- Silves
The Taifa of Silves was a Muslim taifa kingdom that existed in what is now southern Portugal for two distinct periods: from 1040 to 1063, and again from 1144 to 1151 when it was finally conquered by the Almohads....
: 1144–1155 (to Almohads)
- Tavira
The Taifa of Tavira was a medieval taifa kingdom in what is now southern Portugal which existed only from around 1146 to 1150.-'Umarid dynasty:* 'Umar: fl. mid 12th cent. ** To Morocco: c. 1150-1250-Sources:...
: dates and destiny uncertain or unknown
- Tejada
The Taifa of Tejada was a medieval taifa kingdom that existed only from 1146 to 1150 when it was conquered by the Almohads.-Sources:* http://web.raex.com/~obsidian/taifa.html...
: 1145–1150 (to Almohads)
- Valencia
The Taifa of Valencia was a medieval taifa kingdom which existed, in and around Valencia, Spain during four distinct periods: from 1010 to 1065, from 1075 to 1099, from 1145 to 1147 and last from 1229 to 1238 when it was finally conquered by Aragon....
: 1145–1172 (to Almohads)
Third period (13th century)
- Arjona
The Taifa of Arjona was a medieval taifa kingdom that existed from 1232 to 1244 when it fell to the Christian Kingdom of Castile.-Sources:* http://web.raex.com/~obsidian/taifa.html...
: 1232–1244 (to Castile)
- Baeza
The Taifa of Baeza was a medieval taifa kingdom that existed only from 1224 to 1226 when it fell to the Christian Kingdom of Castile.-Sources:* http://web.raex.com/~obsidian/taifa.html...
: 1224–1226 (to Castile)
- Ceuta
The taifa of Ceuta was one of the taifa states formed after the breakup of the Caliphate of Córdoba in the early 11th century. The cities of Ceuta and Tangiers were a part of the Ḥammūdid taifa of Málaga from 1026. From 1036 it was governed on behalf of the Arab Ḥammūdids by the Barghawāṭa, a...
: 1233–1236 (to Almohads), 1249–1305 (to Marinids)
- Denia
The taifa of Dénia was a Muslim kingdom in medieval Spain, ruling over part of the Valencian coast and Ibiza. With Dénia as its capital, the taifa included the Balearic Islands and parts of the Spanish mainland.- History :...
: 1224–1227 (to Almohads?)
- Lorca
The Taifa of Lorca was a Muslim medieval taifa kingdom in what is now southern Spain.The taifa was first created in 1042, when Lorca declared its independence from the emirate of Valencia. Its first governor was Ma'n Ibn Sumadih, its power exending from the city to Jaén and Baza.The taifa was...
: 1240–1265 (to Castile)
- Menorca
The Taifa of Menorca was a medieval taifa kingdom, which existed from 1228 until 1287, when the Kingdom of Aragon conquered it.-Sources:* http://web.raex.com/~obsidian/taifa.html...
: 1228–1287 (to Aragon)
- Murcia
The Taifa of Murcia was one of the Taifas of medieval Al-Andalus, in what is now southern Spain. It became independent as a taifa centered on the Moorish city of Murcia after the fall of the Omayyad Caliphate of Córdoba...
: 1228–1266 (to Castile)
- Niebla
The Taifa of Niebla was a taifa kingdom that existed for three distinct times: from 1023 to 1053, from 1145 to 1150 and from 1234 to 1262 when it was finally conquered by Castile.-Yahsubid dynasty:*Abu'l-Abbas Ahmad: 1023/4-1041/2...
: 1234–1262 (to Castile)
- Orihuela
The Taifa of Orihuela was a medieval taifa kingdom which existed probably from around 1239 to 1249.-Sources:* http://web.raex.com/~obsidian/taifa.html...
: 1239/1240–1249/1250 (to Murcia or Castile)
- Valencia
The Taifa of Valencia was a medieval taifa kingdom which existed, in and around Valencia, Spain during four distinct periods: from 1010 to 1065, from 1075 to 1099, from 1145 to 1147 and last from 1229 to 1238 when it was finally conquered by Aragon....
: 1228/1229–1238 (to Aragon)
Additionally, but not usually considered
taifas, are:
- Granada: 1237–1492 (to Castile
The Crown of Castile was a medieval and modern state in the Iberian Peninsula that formed in 1230 as a result of the third and definitive union of the crowns and parliaments of the kingdoms of Castile and León upon the accession of the then King Ferdinand III of Castile to the vacant Leonese throne...
)
- Las Alpujarras: 1568–1571 (to Spain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
)
External links