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Sobralia
 
 
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Sobralia is a genus
Genus

A genus is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the classification of living and fossil organisms. The taxonomic ranks are domain , kingdom , phylum, class , order , family , genus, and species....
 of about 125 orchids (family
Family (biology)

In biological classification, family is a taxonomic rank. Exact details of formal nomenclature depend on the Nomenclature Codes which applies....
 Orchidaceae) and the only genus of the subtribe Sobraliinae. It is native to Central
Central America

Central America is a central geography region of the Americas. It is the southernmost, isthmus portion of the North American continent, which connects with South America on the southeast....
 and South America
South America

South America is the southern continent of the Americas, situated entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere....
. The plants are more commonly terrestrial, but are also found growing epiphytically
Epiphyte

File:Cadzow oak epiphyte 2.JPGAn epiphyte is an organism that grows upon or attaches to a living plant. Epiphyte is one of the subdivisions of the Raunki?r plant life-form....
, in wet forests from sea level
Sea level

Mean sea level is the average height of the sea, with reference to a suitable reference surface. Defining the reference level , however, involves complex measurement, and accurately determining MSL can prove difficult....
 to about 8,800 ft. The genus was named for Dr. Francisco Sobral, a Spanish botanist. The genus is abbreviated Sob in trade journals.

Their reed-like stems
Plant stem

A stem is one of two main structural axes of a vascular plant. The stem is normally divided into nodes and internodes, the nodes hold buds which grow into one or more leaf, inflorescence , conifer cones or other stems etc....
 range in height from about 1 ft (such as in Sobralia galeottiana) to 25-30 ft.






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Encyclopedia


Sobralia is a genus
Genus

A genus is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the classification of living and fossil organisms. The taxonomic ranks are domain , kingdom , phylum, class , order , family , genus, and species....
 of about 125 orchids (family
Family (biology)

In biological classification, family is a taxonomic rank. Exact details of formal nomenclature depend on the Nomenclature Codes which applies....
 Orchidaceae) and the only genus of the subtribe Sobraliinae. It is native to Central
Central America

Central America is a central geography region of the Americas. It is the southernmost, isthmus portion of the North American continent, which connects with South America on the southeast....
 and South America
South America

South America is the southern continent of the Americas, situated entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere....
. The plants are more commonly terrestrial, but are also found growing epiphytically
Epiphyte

File:Cadzow oak epiphyte 2.JPGAn epiphyte is an organism that grows upon or attaches to a living plant. Epiphyte is one of the subdivisions of the Raunki?r plant life-form....
, in wet forests from sea level
Sea level

Mean sea level is the average height of the sea, with reference to a suitable reference surface. Defining the reference level , however, involves complex measurement, and accurately determining MSL can prove difficult....
 to about 8,800 ft. The genus was named for Dr. Francisco Sobral, a Spanish botanist. The genus is abbreviated Sob in trade journals.

Their reed-like stems
Plant stem

A stem is one of two main structural axes of a vascular plant. The stem is normally divided into nodes and internodes, the nodes hold buds which grow into one or more leaf, inflorescence , conifer cones or other stems etc....
 range in height from about 1 ft (such as in Sobralia galeottiana) to 25-30 ft. They have typically heavily veined, bilobed, plicate, apical leaves
Leaf

In botany, a leaf is an above-ground plant Organ specialized for photosynthesis. For this purpose, a leaf is typically flat and thin, to expose the cells containing chloroplast to light over a broad area, and to allow light to penetrate fully into the tissues....
 all along the stem. The inflorescenses on the apex of the stem carry one or two successive ephemeral flower
Flower

A flower, sometimes known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproduction structure found in flowering plants . The biological function of a flower is to mediate the union of male sperm with female ovum in order to produce seeds....
s with large sepal
Sepal

A sepal is a part of the flower of angiosperms . Sepals in a "typical" flower are green and lie under the more conspicuous petals. As a collective unit the sepals are called the Wiktionary:calyx, and the collection of petals is called the Wiktionary:corolla....
s and petal
Petal

A petal is one member or part of the Corolla of a flower. The corolla is the name for all of the petals of a flower; the inner perianth whorl, term used when this is not the same in appearance as the outermost whorl and is used to attract pollinators based on its advertising coloration....
s. The short duration of the flower is caused by a self-digesting enzyme
Enzyme

Enzymes are biomolecules that catalysis chemical reactions. Almost all enzymes are proteins. In enzymatic reactions, the molecules at the beginning of the process are called Substrate , and the enzyme converts them into different molecules, the products....
. The lip
Labellum

The labellum is part of an Orchid, Canna or other less known flower that serves to attract insects that pollinate the flower, and acts as a landing platform for those insects....
 is entire or lobed and clasps the column
Column

File:National Capitol Columns - Washington, D.C..jpgA column in structural engineering is a vertical structural element that transmits, through physical compression, the weight of the structure above to other structural elements below....
 at its base. This columns carries eight soft pollinia
Pollinium

Pollinium, or plural pollinia, is a coherent mass of pollen grains.They are the product of only one anther, but are transferred, during pollination, as a single unit....
. These flowers range in color from pure white to yellow, green, pink, purple, red, brown, and even a blue violet.

Synonymy

The genera Cyathoglottis Poepp. & Endl., Fregea Rchb.f.
Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach

Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach was an ornithologist, botanist and the foremost Germany orchid of the 19th century. His father Ludwig Reichenbach was also a well-known botanist....
 and Lindsayella Ames
Oakes Ames

Oakes Ames was an United States manufacturer, capitalism, and member of the United States House of Representatives from Massachusetts. As a congressman, he is credited by many historians as being the single most important influence in the building of the Union Pacific portion of the First Transcontinental Railroad ....
 & C.Schweinf. are generally included here.

Species

A few more commonly cited species:
  • Sobralia decora
    Sobralia decora

    Species: Sobralia decora Bateman...
     - pink-lavender; from Mexico
    Mexico

    The United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federalism constitutionalism republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of Mexico....
     through Central America;
  • Sobralia dichotoma - reddish-brown with white and pink lip; from the Andes
    Andes

    The Andes form the world's longest exposed mountain range. They lie as a continuous chain of highland along the western coast of South America. The range is over 7,000 km long, 200-700 km wide , and of an average height of about 4,000 m ....
    ;
  • Sobralia fimbriata - white to cream or pale yellow, with fimbriate lip and petals; Andes;
  • Sobralia macrantha - pink-magenta; from Mexico through Central America;
  • Sobralia sessilis - pink-lavender; from South America;
  • Sobralia xantholeuca - yellow; from Chiapas
    Chiapas

    Chiapas is the southernmost States of Mexico of Mexico, located towards the southeast of the country. Chiapas is bordered by the states of Tabasco to the north, Veracruz to the northwest, and Oaxaca to the west....
    , Mex. and Guatemala
    Guatemala

    Guatemala is a country in Central America bordered by Mexico to the north and west, the Pacific Ocean to the southwest, Belize and the Caribbean to the northeast, and Honduras and El Salvador to the southeast....
    ;


Others:
  • Sobralia allenii L.O.Williams 1942.
  • Sobralia altissima D.E.Benn. & Christenson 1999.
  • Sobralia amabilis Rchb.f. L.O.Williams 1946.
  • Sobralia anceps Schltr. 1924.
  • Sobralia antioquiensis Schltr. 1920.
  • Sobralia atropubescens Ames & C.Schweinf. 1930 : Black-haired Sobralia
  • Sobralia augusta Hoehne. 1944
  • Sobralia aurantiaca Linden & Rchb.f. 1854
  • Sobralia biflora Ruiz & Pav. 1798.
  • Sobralia bimaculata Garay 1975 : 2-Spot Sobralia
  • Sobralia bletiae Rchb.f. 1852.
  • Sobralia boliviensis Schltr. 1913.
  • Sobralia buchtienii Schltr. 1929.
  • Sobralia calliantha D.E.Benn. & Christenson. 2001
  • Sobralia caloglossa Schltr. 1929 : Beautiful-lipped Sobralia
  • Sobralia candida Poepp. & Endl. Rchb.f. 1853 : White Sobralia
  • Sobralia carazoi Lank. & Ames 1924.
  • Sobralia cataractarum Hoehne 1910 : Cataract Sobralia
  • Sobralia cattleya Rchb.f. 1877.
  • Sobralia chatoensis A.H.Heller & A.D.Hawkes 1966.
  • Sobralia chrysantha Lindl. 1854.
  • Sobralia chrysoleuca Rchb.f. 1873.
  • Sobralia chrysostoma Dressler 2001 : Golden Mouth Sobralia
  • Sobralia ciliata C.Presl C.Schweinf. ex Foldats 1969 : Fine-haired Sobralia
  • Sobralia crispissima Dressler 2002.
  • Sobralia crocea Poepp. & Endl. Rchb.f. 1853 : Saffron-yellow Sobralia
  • Sobralia decora
    Sobralia decora

    Species: Sobralia decora Bateman...
     Bateman 1842 : Beautiful Sobralia
  • Sobralia densifoliata Schltr. 1920.
  • Sobralia dichotoma Ruiz & Pav. 1798 : Two-piece Sobralia (type species)
  • Sobralia dissimilis Dressler 1995.
  • Sobralia dorbignyana Rchb.f. 1873.
  • Sobralia doremiliae Dressler 1995.
  • Sobralia ecuadorana Dodson 1998 : Ecuadorian Sobralia
  • Sobralia exilis Schltr. 1920.
  • Sobralia fimbriata Poepp. & Endl. 1836 : Fringed Sobralia
  • Sobralia fragrans Lindl. 1853 : Fragrant Sobralia
  • Sobralia fruticetorum Schltr. 1913.
  • Sobralia galeottiana A.Rich. 1845 : Sitting Sobralia
  • Sobralia gentryi Dodson 1998.
  • Sobralia gloriana Dressler 2002.
  • Sobralia gloriosa Rchb.f. 1873.
  • Sobralia granitica G.A.Romero & Carnevali 2000.
  • Sobralia hagsateri Dodson 1998.
  • Sobralia hawkesii A.H.Heller 1966.
  • Sobralia helleri A.D.Hawkes 1966.
  • Sobralia herzogii Schltr. 1913 : Herzog's Sobralia
  • Sobralia hirta D.E.Benn. & Christenson. 2001
  • Sobralia hirtzii Dodson 2004 (Ecuador)
  • Sobralia hoppii Schltr. 1924 : Hopp's Sobralia
  • Sobralia infundibuligera Garay & Dunst. 1965 : Trumpet Sobralia
  • Sobralia × intermedia P.H.Allen 1958.
  • Sobralia kermesina Garay 1956.
  • Sobralia kerryae Dressler 1998.
  • Sobralia klotzscheana Rchb.f. 1850 : Klotzsch' Sobralia
  • Sobralia labiata Warsz. & Rchb.f. 1852.
  • Sobralia lancea Garay 1958 : Lanceolate Sobralia
  • Sobralia leucoxantha Rchb.f. 1866 : White-yellow Sobralia
  • Sobralia liliastrum Lindl. 1833 : Star-lily Sobralia
  • Sobralia lindleyana Rchb.f. 1852.
  • Sobralia lowii Rolfe 1890.
  • Sobralia luerorum Dodson 1998.
  • Sobralia luteola Rolfe 1898.
  • Sobralia macdougallii Soto Arenas Pérez-García & Salazar 2002 publ. 2003.
  • Sobralia macra Schltr. 1923.
  • Sobralia macrantha Lindl. 1838 : Large-flowered Sobralia
    • Sobralia macrantha var. kienastiana Rchb.f. 1888.
    • Sobralia macrantha var. macrantha
  • Sobralia macrophylla Rchb.f. 1852 : Large-leafed Sobralia
  • Sobralia madisonii Dodson 1980.
  • Sobralia maduroi Dressler 2004 (Colombia)
  • Sobralia malmiana Pabst 1979.
  • Sobralia malmquistiana Schltr. 1911.
  • Sobralia margaritae Pabst 1977.
  • Sobralia mariannae Dressler 2002.
  • Sobralia mucronata Ames & C.Schweinf. 1925.
  • Sobralia mutisii P.Ortiz 2004.
  • Sobralia neudeckeri Dodson 1998.
  • Sobralia nutans Dressler 2002.
  • Sobralia odorata Schltr. 1924.
  • Sobralia oliva-estevae Carnevali & I.Ramírez 1990.
  • Sobralia oroana Dodson 1998.
  • Sobralia paludosa Linden 1851.
  • Sobralia paradisiaca Rchb.f. 1850.
  • Sobralia pardalina Garay 1978.
  • Sobralia parviflora L.O.Williams 1938.
  • Sobralia persimilis Garay 1978.
  • Sobralia pfavii Schltr. 1923.
  • Sobralia piedadiae Dodson 1998.
  • Sobralia portillae Christenson 2003.
  • Sobralia powellii Schltr. 1922 : Powell's Sobralia
  • Sobralia pulcherrima Garay 1978 : Very Beautiful Sobralia
  • Sobralia pumila Rolfe 1893 : Dwarf Sobralia
  • Sobralia purpurea Dressler 2000.
  • Sobralia quinata Dressler 2003.
  • Sobralia rigidissima Linden ex Rchb.f. 1854.
  • Sobralia roezlii Rchb.f. 1873 : Roezl's Sobralia
  • Sobralia rolfeana Schltr. 1922.
  • Sobralia rondonii Hoehne 1910.
  • Sobralia rosea Poepp. & Endl. 1836 : Rose-colored Sobralia
  • Sobralia roseoalba Rchb.f. 1866.
  • Sobralia ruckeri Linden & Rchb.f. 1854.
  • Sobralia ruparupaensis D.E.Benn. & Christenson: 2001.
  • Sobralia rupicola Kraenzl. 1908.
  • Sobralia sancti-josephi Kraenzl. 1928.
  • Sobralia sanfelicis Dressler 2004 (Panama)
  • Sobralia schultzei Schltr. 1924.
  • Sobralia scopulorum Rchb.f. 1873.
  • Sobralia semperflorens Kraenzl. 1915.
  • Sobralia setigera Poepp. & Endl. 1836.
  • Sobralia sobralioides Kraenzl. Garay 1978.
  • Sobralia speciosa C.Schweinf. 1961.
  • Sobralia splendida Schltr. 1920.
  • Sobralia stenophylla Lindl. 1854 : Thin-leafed Sobralia
  • Sobralia stevensonii Dodson 1998.
  • Sobralia tamboana Dodson 1998.
  • Sobralia turkeliae Christenson 2002.
  • Sobralia undatocarinata C.Schweinf. 1938.
  • Sobralia uribei P.Ortiz 1994.
  • Sobralia valida Rolfe 1909.
  • Sobralia violacea Linden ex Lindl. 1846 : Violet Sobralia
  • Sobralia virginalis Peeters & Cogn. 1899 : Virgin Sobralia
  • Sobralia warszewiczii Rchb.f. 1852.
  • Sobralia weberbaueriana Kraenzl. 1905.
  • Sobralia wilsoniana Rolfe 1890.
  • Sobralia withneri D.E.Benn. & Christenson: 2001 : Withner's Sobralia
  • Sobralia xantholeuca B.S.Williams 1885 : Yellow-white Sobralia
  • Sobralia yauaperyensis Barb. Rodr. 1891 : Yauaperi River Sobralia


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