All Topics  
Sibylline oracles

 

   Email Print
   Bookmark   Link

 

Sibylline oracles


 
 

The Sibylline Oracles (sometimes called the "pseudo-Sibylline Oracles") are a collection of oracular utterances written in Greek hexametersDactylic hexameter

Dactylic hexameter is a form of meter in poetry or a rhythmic scheme....
 ascribed to the SibylSibyl

The word sibyl comes from the Greek word sibylla, meaning prophetess....
s, prophetesses who uttered divine revelations in a frenzied state. Twelve books of Sibylline Oracles survive. These are not considered to be the famous Sibylline BooksSibylline Books

The Sibylline Books or Sibyllae were a collection of oracular utterances, set out in Greek hexameters, purchased from a ...
 of Roman history, which have been lost, but a collection of utterances that were composed under various circumstances from the middle of the second century to the fifth century AD.

The pseudo-Sibylline texts are a valuable source for information about Classical mythology and early first millennium Gnostic, JewishHellenistic Judaism

Hellenistic Judaism was a movement which existed in the Jewish diaspora before the Siege of Jerusalem in 70 AD, that sought ...
 and ChristianFacts About Early Christianity

The term Early Christians here refers to Christians of the period before the First Council of Nicaea in 325....
 beliefs. Some apocalypticApocalypse

See also: the topic of ArmageddonApocalypse , is a term applied to the disclosure to certain privileged persons of someth...
 passages scattered throughout seem to adumbrate themes of John's Book of RevelationBook of Revelation

The book of Revelation or The Apocalypse of John is the last canonical book of the New Testament in the Bible....
and other Apocalyptic literatureApocalyptic literature

Apocalyptic literature was a new genre of prophetical writing that developed in post-Exilic Jewish culture and was popular a...
. In places the oracles have also undergone extensive editing, re-writing, and redaction, as they came to be exploited in wider circles.

In one instance a passage has a Christian code-phrase in successive first letters on each line (an 'acrosticAcrostic

An acrostic is a poem or other text written in an alphabetic script, in which the first letter, syllable or word of each ver...
').

History of the texts

Large collections of these Jewish and Christian oracles are still in existence. When they were recovered in the 16th century, their initial publication caused a sensation among scholars. In 1545 Xystus Betuleius published at BaselBasel

Basel is Switzerland's third most populous city ....
 an edition of eight books of oracles with a preface dating from perhaps the sixth century AD, and the next year a version set in Latin verse appeared. Better manuscripts were used by Johannes Opsopoeus (Johannes Koch), whose edition appeared at Paris in 1599. The next edition was that in Andrea GallandiAndrea Gallandi

Andrea Gallandi was an Italian Oratorian and patristic scholar....
's Bibliotheca Veterum Patrum (Venice, 1765, 1788). In 1817 Angelo MaiAngelo Mai

Angelo Mai was an Italian Cardinal and philologist. ...
 edited a further book, from a manuscript in the Biblioteca AmbrosianaBiblioteca Ambrosiana

The Biblioteca Ambrosiana in Milan, housed with the paintings gallery, the Pinacoteca Ambrosiana is one of the great r...
 at MilanMilan

Milan is the main city of northern Italy, located in the plains of Lombardy....
 (Codex Ambrosianus) and later he discovered four more books, in the Vatican LibraryVatican Library

The Vatican Library is the library of the Holy See, currently located in Vatican City....
, none of which were continuations of the eight previously printed, but an independent collection. These are numbered XI to XIV in later editions. Several fragments of oracles taken from the works of Theophilus and Lactantius, printed in the later editions, show that even more Sibylline oracles formerly existed. In the course of the 19th century, better texts also became available for the parts previously published.

See also

  • Hebrew SibylHebrew Sibyl

    The Hebrew Sibyl is identified as the author of the Sibylline oracles....
  • Jewish eschatologyJewish eschatology

    Jewish eschatology is concerned with the Jewish Messiah , the continuation of the Davidic line, and Olam Haba, ....
  • Vaticinia ex eventu describes the phenomenon of pretended oracles written after the event.
  • Wives aboard the ArkWives aboard the Ark

    Although the Book of Genesis in the Bible does not give any information about the four women it says were aboard Noah's Ark, t...
  • Alexander PolyhistorAlexander Polyhistor

    Lucius Cornelius Alexander Polyhistor was a Greek scholar who was enslaved by the Romans during the Mithridatic war and take...


Bibliography

  • J. Geffcken, Die Oracula Sibyllina, Leipzig, Hinrichs, 1902.
  • A. Peretti, La Sibilla babilonese nella propaganda ellenistica, Firenze, La Nuova Italia, 1942.
  • V. Nikiprowetzky, La troisième Sibylle, Paris, La Haye, 1970.
  • J.J. Collins, The Sibylline Oracles of Egyptian Judaism, Missoula 1974.
  • A. Grafton, Higher Criticism Ancient and Modern: The Lamentable Death of Hermes and the Sibyls, in: The Uses of Greek and Latin. Historical Essays, ed. by A.C. Dionisotti, A. Grafton and J. Kraye, London 1988, pp. 155-170.
  • H.W. Parke, Sibyls and Sibylline Prophecy in Classical Antiquity, London, Routledge, 1988.
  • I. Cervelli, Questioni sibilline, «Studi storici» 34, 1993, pp. 895-1001.
  • M. Bracali, Sebastiano Castellione e l'edizione dei Sibyllina Oracula, «Rinascimento» 36, 1996, pp. 319-349.
  • R. Buitenwerf, Book III of the Sibylline Oracles and Its Social Setting, Leiden-Boston, Brill, 2003.
  • C. Schiano, Il secolo della Sibilla. Momenti della tradizione cinquecentesca degli «Oracoli Sibillini», Bari, edizioni di Pagina, 2005.

External links

  • (complete text, at Elfinspell)
  • : only those fragments that are quoted in Patristic writings, annotated and set in context, including the long preface of the (6th century?) editor
  • , BOOKS III-V, TRANSLATED BY THE REV. H. N. BATE, M.A., 1918 (a searchable facsimile at the University of Georgia Libraries; DjVuDjVu

    DjVu is a computer file format designed primarily to store ...
     & format)
  • Translated by Milton S. Terry. Digital Facsimile.