Radio Data System, or
RDS, is a
communications protocolA communications protocol is a system of digital message formats and rules for exchanging those messages in or between computing systems and in telecommunications...
standard for embedding small amounts of digital information in conventional
FM radio broadcastFM broadcasting is a broadcasting technology pioneered by Edwin Howard Armstrong which uses frequency modulation to provide high-fidelity sound over broadcast radio. The term "FM band" describes the "frequency band in which FM is used for broadcasting"...
s. RDS standardises several types of information transmitted, including
timeTime is a part of the measuring system used to sequence events, to compare the durations of events and the intervals between them, and to quantify rates of change such as the motions of objects....
,
station identification Station identification is the practice of radio or television stations or networks identifying themselves on air, typically by means of a call sign or brand name...
and programme information.
Radio Broadcast Data System (
RBDS) is the official name used for the
U.S.The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
version of RDS. The two standards are only slightly different.
The standard began as a project of the
European Broadcasting UnionThe European Broadcasting Union is a confederation of 74 broadcasting organisations from 56 countries, and 49 associate broadcasters from a further 25...
(EBU), but has since become an international standard of the
International Electrotechnical CommissionThe International Electrotechnical Commission is a non-profit, non-governmental international standards organization that prepares and publishes International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies – collectively known as "electrotechnology"...
(IEC).
Both carry data at 1,187.5 bits per second on a 57 kHz
subcarrierA subcarrier is a separate analog or digital signal carried on a main radio transmission, which carries extra information such as voice or data. More technically, it is an already-modulated signal, which is then modulated into another signal of higher frequency and bandwidth...
, so there are exactly 48 cycles of subcarrier during every data bit. The RBDS/RDS subcarrier was set to the third
harmonicA harmonic of a wave is a component frequency of the signal that is an integer multiple of the fundamental frequency, i.e. if the fundamental frequency is f, the harmonics have frequencies 2f, 3f, 4f, . . . etc. The harmonics have the property that they are all periodic at the fundamental...
of the 19 kHz FM stereo pilot tone to minimize
interferenceIn communications and electronics, especially in telecommunications, interference is anything which alters, modifies, or disrupts a signal as it travels along a channel between a source and a receiver. The term typically refers to the addition of unwanted signals to a useful signal...
and
intermodulationIntermodulation or intermodulation distortion is the amplitude modulation of signals containing two or more different frequencies in a system with nonlinearities...
between the data signal, the stereo pilot and the 38 kHz
DSB-SCDouble-sideband suppressed-carrier transmission : transmission in which frequencies produced by amplitude modulation are symmetrically spaced above and below the carrier frequency and the carrier level is reduced to the lowest practical level, ideally completely suppressed.In the double-sideband...
stereo difference signal. (The stereo difference signal extends up to 38 kHz + 15 kHz = 53 kHz, leaving 4 kHz for the lower sideband of the RDS signal.)
The data is sent with error correction. RDS defines many features including how private (in-house) or other undefined features can be "packaged" in unused program groups.
Development
RDS was inspired by the development of the
Autofahrer-Rundfunk-InformationssystemAutofahrer-Rundfunk-Informationssystem was a system for indicating the presence of traffic information in FM broadcasts used by the German ARD network of FM radio stations from 1974...
(ARI) in Germany by the
Institut für RundfunktechnikThe Institut für Rundfunktechnik GmbH is the research centre of the German broadcasters , Austria's broadcaster and the Swiss public broadcaster . It is located in Munich and is responsible for the research and standardisation of broadcasting technology...
(IRT) and the radio manufacturer
Blaupunkt GmbH is a German manufacturer of electronics equipment, noted for its home and car audio equipment. It was a 100% subsidiary of Robert Bosch GmbH until March 1st, 2009 when its Aftermarket and Accessories branch including the brand name were sold to Aurelius AG of Germany for an undisclosed...
. ARI used a 57 kHz subcarrier to indicate the presence of traffic information in an FM radio broadcast.
The EBU Technical Committee launched a project at its 1974
ParisParis is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
meeting to develop a technology with similar purposes to ARI, but which was more flexible and which would enable automated retuning of a receiver where a broadcast network transmitted the same radio programme on a number of different frequencies. The modulation system was based on that used in a Swedish paging system and the baseband coding was a new design, mainly developed by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) and the IRT. The EBU issued the first RDS specification in 1984.
Enhancements to the alternative frequencies functionality were added to the standard and it was subsequently published as a
European Committee for Electrotechnical StandardizationCENELEC is the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization.CENELEC is responsible for European Standardization in the area of electrical engineering...
(CENELEC) standard in 1990.
In 1992 the US
National Radio Systems CommitteeThe National Radio Systems Committee is an organization sponsored by the Consumer Electronics Association and the National Association of Broadcasters . Its main purpose is to set industry technical standards for radio broadcasting in the United States...
issued the North American version of the RDS standard, called the Radio Broadcast Data System. The CENELEC standard was updated in 1992 with the addition of
Traffic Message ChannelTraffic Message Channel is a technology for delivering traffic and travel information to drivers. It is typically digitally coded using the FM-RDS system on conventional FM radio broadcasts...
and in 1998 with Open Data Applications and, in 2000, RDS was published worldwide as IEC standard 62106.
Content and implementation
The following information fields are normally contained in the RDS data:
AF (alternative frequencies): This allows a receiver to re-tune to a different
frequencyRadio frequency is a rate of oscillation in the range of about 3 kHz to 300 GHz, which corresponds to the frequency of radio waves, and the alternating currents which carry radio signals...
providing the same
stationRadio broadcasting is a one-way wireless transmission over radio waves intended to reach a wide audience. Stations can be linked in radio networks to broadcast a common radio format, either in broadcast syndication or simulcast or both...
when the first signal becomes too weak (e.g., when moving out of range). This is often utilized in car stereo systems.
CT (clock time): Can synchronize a
clockA clock is an instrument used to indicate, keep, and co-ordinate time. The word clock is derived ultimately from the Celtic words clagan and clocca meaning "bell". A silent instrument missing such a mechanism has traditionally been known as a timepiece...
in the receiver or the main clock in a car. Due to transmission vagaries, CT can only be accurate to within 100 ms of UTC.
EON (enhanced other networks): Allows the receiver to monitor other networks or stations for
trafficTraffic on roads may consist of pedestrians, ridden or herded animals, vehicles, streetcars and other conveyances, either singly or together, while using the public way for purposes of travel...
programmesTraffic reporting is the distribution of information about road conditions such as traffic congestion, detours, and traffic accidents, generally as part of a radio or television broadcast program. The reports help commuters anticipate and avoid traffic problems. Many reports mention alternate...
, and automatically temporarily tune into that station.
PI (programme identification): This is the unique code that identifies the station. Every station receives a specific code with a country prefix. In the US, PI is determined by applying a formula to the station's
call signIn broadcasting and radio communications, a call sign is a unique designation for a transmitting station. In North America they are used as names for broadcasting stations...
.
PS (programme service): This is simply an eight-character static display that represents the call letters or station identity name. Most RDS capable receivers display this information and, if the station is stored in the receiver's presets, will cache this information with the frequency and other details associated with that preset.
PTY (programme type): This coding of up to 31 pre-defined programme types (e.g., in Europe: PTY1 News, PTY6 Drama, PTY11 Rock music) allows users to find similar programming by genre. PTY31 seems to be reserved for emergency announcements in the event of natural disasters or other major calamities.
REG (regional): This is mainly used in countries where national broadcasters run "region-specific" programming such as regional opt-outs on some of their transmitters. This functionality allows the user to "lock-down" the set to their current region or let the radio tune into other region-specific programming as they move into the other region.
RT (radio text): This function allows a radio station to transmit a 64-character free-form textual information that can be either static e.g. station slogans or in sync with the programming such as the title and artist of the currently playing song.
TA, TP (
traffic announcementTraffic announcement refers to the broadcasting of a specific type of traffic report on the Radio Data System. It is generally used by motorists, to assist with route planning, and for the avoidance of traffic congestion....
, traffic programme): The receiver can often be set to pay special attention to this flag and, for example, stop the tape/pause the CD or retune to receive a traffic bulletin. The TP flag is used to allow the user to find only those stations that regularly broadcast traffic bulletins whereas the TA flag is used to signal an actual traffic bulletin in progress, with radio units perhaps performing other actions such as stopping a cassette tape (so the radio can be heard) or raising the volume during the traffic bulletin.
TMC (
traffic message channelTraffic Message Channel is a technology for delivering traffic and travel information to drivers. It is typically digitally coded using the FM-RDS system on conventional FM radio broadcasts...
): Digitally encoded traffic information. Not all RDS equipment supports this. Often available for
automotive navigation systemAn automotive navigation system is a satellite navigation system designed for use in automobiles. It typically uses a GPS navigation device to acquire position data to locate the user on a road in the unit's map database. Using the road database, the unit can give directions to other locations...
s. In many countries only encrypted data is broadcast, and so a subscription and appropriate decoder is required to use.
RDS support
As far as implementation is concerned, most car stereos will support at least AF, EON, REG, PS and TA/TP.
- More expensive car stereos will offer TMC
Traffic Message Channel is a technology for delivering traffic and travel information to drivers. It is typically digitally coded using the FM-RDS system on conventional FM radio broadcasts...
, RT and / or PTY, perhaps with "NEWS" override.
- Home systems, especially hi-fi receivers, will mainly support functions like PS, RT and PTY.
There are a growing number of RDS implementations in portable and navigation devices thanks to lower-priced, small-footprint solutions. These include:
- Apple
Apple Inc. is an American multinational corporation that designs and markets consumer electronics, computer software, and personal computers. The company's best-known hardware products include the Macintosh line of computers, the iPod, the iPhone and the iPad...
- iPod
iPod is a line of portable media players created and marketed by Apple Inc. The product line-up currently consists of the hard drive-based iPod Classic, the touchscreen iPod Touch, the compact iPod Nano, and the ultra-compact iPod Shuffle...
's Radio Remote accessory.
- iPod Nano
iPod Nano is a digital media player designed and marketed by Apple Inc.. The first generation of iPod Nano was introduced on September 7, 2005 as a replacement for iPod Mini. It uses flash memory for storage. iPod Nano has gone through six models, or generations, since its introduction...
5th Generation
- iPod Nano
iPod Nano is a digital media player designed and marketed by Apple Inc.. The first generation of iPod Nano was introduced on September 7, 2005 as a replacement for iPod Mini. It uses flash memory for storage. iPod Nano has gone through six models, or generations, since its introduction...
6th Generation
- Directed Electronics
- DHHD-1000 (Table Top HD Radio)
- DMHD-1000 (Car Audio Add-On Tuner Box)
- HTC
- HTC Desire HD
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- HTC Vision/G2
- HTC Touch Pro
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- HTC Touch Pro 2
- HTC Touch Diamond
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- HTC Touch HD
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- HTC HD2
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- HTC HD Mini
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- HTC Inspire 4G
- HTC Droid Incredible
- HTC Salsa
- HTC Smart
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- HTC Legend
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- HTC Desire
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- HTC Evo 4G
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- HTC Wildfire
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- HTC Aria
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- Sony Ericsson
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- C702
- C901 Green Heart
- C905a
- F305
- G900
- J105 Naite
- K600i
- K550i
- K750
- K750i
- K770i
- K790i
- K800i
- K810i
- K850i
- S312
- W200i
- W300i
- W350i
- W380i
- W395
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- W580i
- 595s
- W600i
- W610i
- W660i
- W760i
- W810i
- W830i
- P990i
- P1i
- R300 Radio
- R306 Radio
- T303
- T700
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- W850i
- W890i
- W910i
- W950i
- W700i
- Sony Ericsson W980
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- W995
- Z550i
- Sony Ericsson Aino
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- Sony Ericsson Yari
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- Sony Ericsson Elm
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- Sony Ericsson Jalou
- Sony Ericsson Hazel
- Xperia X10 Mini
- Xperia X10 Mini Pro
- Xperia Pureness
- Sony Ericsson Vivaz Pro
- Sony Ericsson Aspen
- Sony Ericsson Zylo
|
Nokia Nokia Corporation is a Finnish multinational communications corporation that is headquartered in Keilaniemi, Espoo, a city neighbouring Finland's capital Helsinki...
- 2690
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- 2700 Classic
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- 2720 fold
- 2730 Classic
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- 3208c
- 3600 slide
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- 3710 fold
- 3720 Classic
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- 5130 XpressMusic
- 5220 XpressMusic
- 5230 XpressMusic
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- 5233 XpressMusic
- 5235 Comes With Music
- 5310 XpressMusic
- 5320 XpressMusic
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- 5530 XpressMusic
- 5610 XpressMusic
- 5630 XpressMusic
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- 5730 XpressMusic
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- 5800 XpressMusic
- 5800 Navigation Edition
- 6210 Navigator
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- 6220 Classic
Nokia 6220 classic is a Nokia-produced Symbian OS smartphone .-Features:* HSDPA-3.6M/384k / WCDMA-900/2100 / DTM EGPRS-850/900/1800/1900 Class 11A/32B* GPS navigation with Assisted GPS...
- 6260 slide
- Features :Among its key features are integrated A-GPS with included maps, WLAN, VoIP, a 5.0 megapixel camera with LED flash, WebKit Open Source Browser, Flash Lite 3.0, Bluetooth 2.1 + EDR and MIDP Java 2.1 with additional Java APIs.- Specification sheet :...
- 6300i
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- 6303 Classic
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- 6500 slide
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- 6600 fold
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- 6600 slide
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- 6600i slide
- 6700 Classic
- 6710 Navigator
- 6720 Classic
- 6730 Classic
- 6760 slide
The Nokia 6760 slide is a Symbian Series 60 mobile phone. One of its main selling points is its SMS messaging capabilities.The phone is listed as a Messaging phone...
- 6790 Surge
- 7020
- 7100 Supernova
- 7210 Supernova
- 7230
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- 7310 Supernova
- 7510 Supernova
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- 7610 Supernova
- C1-01
- Specification sheet :-External links:*...
(with recording)
- C1-02 (with recording)
- C3-00
- C2-01
- C2-02
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(with recording)
- C2-02
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(with recording)
- C3-01
- C5
- C6-00
- C6-01
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- C7
- E52
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- E55
- E6
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- E72
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- E73
- E75
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- E5-00
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- N78
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- N79
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- N85
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- N86 8MP
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- N96
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- N97
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- N97 mini
- N900
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(transmit & receive)
- N8
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(transmit & receive)
- X2
- X3
- X3-02
- X5-01
- X6
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- X6 8GB
- X6 16GB
|
MotorolaMotorola, Inc. was an American multinational telecommunications company based in Schaumburg, Illinois, which was eventually divided into two independent public companies, Motorola Mobility and Motorola Solutions on January 4, 2011, after losing $4.3 billion from 2007 to 2009...
- L9
- E6
- E2
- VE66
- W375
- W396
- W230
- W270
- L6i
- W220
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- Motorola DEFY
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- MB810 (Droid X)
- Electrify
- Photon
- Microsoft
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- Zune HD
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- Zune
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- Nissan
- (Clarion) 2010/2011 Car Radio w/RDS
- (all but base model includes RDS FM)
- Sandisk
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- Sansa Fuze+
- Sansa SlotRadio Player
- Sansa Clip Zip
- Sangean
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- Samsung
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- SGH-F330
- SGH-G800
- SGH-L170
- SGH-L770
- SGH-E950
- SGH-U600
- SGH-U900
- GT-S3350
- SGH-i917
- Samsung Galaxy S
- Samsung Galaxy S II
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- Samsung Wave S8500
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- Samsung S5230
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- Samsung C5212
- Samsung B7722
- Samsung Omnia HD
- Samsung Galaxy Ace
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- Samsung Galaxy 3
- Samsung Galaxy 5
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- LG
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- Viewty
- LG KS-20
- LG Cookie (KP500)
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- LG GT505
- LG GB230
- GD880 Mini
The LG Mini GD880i is a multimedia feature phone released by LG Electronics in April 2010. The Mini is very similar feature wise to the LG KM900 Arena with exception to the display and internal memory....
- LG Optimus Black
The LG P970 Optimus Black is a smartphone designed and manufactured by LG Electronics. With 9.2 mm, it's LG's thinnest smartphone at the time of its release and is slightly smaller than the iPhone 4. The LG Optimus Black features a WVGA NOVA display which is brighter than competitor displays with...
- LG Optimus 2X
The LG Optimus 2X is a smartphone designed and manufactured by LG Electronics. The Optimus 2X is the world's first smartphone with a dual-core processor and third phone in the LG Optimus-Android series. LG debuted the Optimus 2X on December 16, 2010 and the device first became available to...
- Garmin
Garmin Ltd. , incorporated in Schaffhausen, Switzerland, is the parent company of a group of companies founded in 1989 by Gary Burrell and Min Kao , that develops consumer, aviation, and marine technologies for the Global Positioning System...
- Griffin Technology
Griffin Technology is a privately held U.S. company founded in Nashville, Tennessee in 1992 by Paul Griffin. The company designs and manufactures computer peripherals, consumer electronics, and accessories, the first products being primarily video adapters, in particular those to enable the...
- iTrip AutoPilot
- iTrip 1591 (FM Transmitter with App support)
- Navigon
Navigon GmbH is a Hamburg, Germany-based manufacturer of GPS devices and GPS navigation software. It is privately owned, however in June 2011 it was announced that Navigon is to be acquired by a subsidiary of Garmin...
5100
- Magellan Maestro 4250
- Insignia
- NS-8V24
- NS-4V24
- NS-2V17
- NS-HD01 Portable HD Radio Receiver
- Cardo Systems
- O2
|
Program types
The following table lists the RDS and RBDS Program Type (PTY) codes and their meanings:
| PTY code |
RDS Program type (EU) |
RBDS Program type (North America) |
| 0 |
No programme type or undefined |
No program type or undefined |
| 1 |
News |
News |
| 2 |
Current affairs Current Affairs is a genre of broadcast journalism where the emphasis is on detailed analysis and discussion of news stories that have recently occurred or are ongoing at the time of broadcast....
|
Information |
| 3 |
Information |
Sports |
| 4 |
Sport |
Talk Talk radio is a radio format containing discussion about topical issues. Most shows are regularly hosted by a single individual, and often feature interviews with a number of different guests. Talk radio typically includes an element of listener participation, usually by broadcasting live...
|
| 5 |
Education |
Rock |
| 6 |
Drama |
Classic rock Classic rock is a radio format which developed from the album-oriented rock format in the early 1980s. In the United States, the classic rock format features music ranging generally from the late 1960s to the late 1980s, primarily focusing on the hard rock genre that peaked in popularity in the...
|
| 7 |
Culture |
Adult hits Adult hits is a radio format, popular in the early 2000s, that does not adhere to a specific music genre, but instead draws from a wider playlist...
|
| 8 |
Science |
Soft rock Soft rock is a style of music which uses the techniques of rock music to compose a softer, more toned-down sound. Soft rock songs generally tend to focus on themes like love, everyday life and relationships. The genre tends to make heavy use of acoustic guitars, pianos, synthesizers and sometimes...
|
| 9 |
Varied |
Top 40 |
| 10 |
Pop music Pop music is usually understood to be commercially recorded music, often oriented toward a youth market, usually consisting of relatively short, simple songs utilizing technological innovations to produce new variations on existing themes.- Definitions :David Hatch and Stephen Millward define pop...
|
Country |
| 11 |
Rock music Rock music is a genre of popular music that developed during and after the 1960s, particularly in the United Kingdom and the United States. It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll, itself heavily influenced by rhythm and blues and country music...
|
Oldies Oldies is a term commonly used to describe a radio format that concentrates on music from a period of about 15 to 55 years before the present day....
|
| 12 |
Easy listening Easy listening is a broad style of popular music and radio format that emerged in the 1950s, evolving out of big band music, and related to MOR music as played on many AM radio stations. It encompasses the exotica, beautiful music, light music, lounge music, ambient music, and space age pop genres...
|
Soft |
| 13 |
Light classical |
Nostalgia The term nostalgia describes a yearning for the past, often in idealized form.The word is a learned formation of a Greek compound, consisting of , meaning "returning home", a Homeric word, and , meaning "pain, ache"...
|
| 14 |
Serious classical |
Jazz |
| 15 |
Other music |
Classical |
| 16 |
Weather |
Rhythm and blues Rhythm and blues, often abbreviated to R&B, is a genre of popular African American music that originated in the 1940s. The term was originally used by record companies to describe recordings marketed predominantly to urban African Americans, at a time when "urbane, rocking, jazz based music with a...
|
| 17 |
Finance |
Soft rhythm and blues |
| 18 |
Children’s programmes |
Language |
| 19 |
Social affairs |
Religious music |
| 20 |
Religion |
Religious talk |
| 21 |
Phone-in |
Personality |
| 22 |
Travel |
Public |
| 23 |
Leisure |
College |
| 24 |
Jazz music |
Unassigned |
| 25 |
Country music |
Unassigned |
| 26 |
National music |
Unassigned |
| 27 |
Oldies music |
Unassigned |
| 28 |
Folk music |
Unassigned |
| 29 |
Documentary |
Weather |
| 30 |
Alarm test |
Emergency test |
| 31 |
Alarm |
Emergency The Emergency Alert System is a national warning system in the United States put into place on January 1, 1997, when it superseded the Emergency Broadcast System , which itself had superseded the CONELRAD System...
|
The later RBDS standard made no attempt to match the original RDS plan, therefore several identical
radio formatA radio format or programming format not to be confused with broadcast programming describes the overall content broadcast on a radio station. Radio formats are frequently employed as a marketing tool, and constantly evolve...
s were given different numbers, including jazz, weather, sports, and rock. Other similar formats such as varied/college and phone-in/talk are also mismatched. This is mainly a problem for portable radios taken
overseas.
Example RDS usage
The following three images illustrate how RDS can be used on an FM radio station; the latter two were taken when the radio was tuned to
NottinghamNottingham is a city and unitary authority in the East Midlands of England. It is located in the ceremonial county of Nottinghamshire and represents one of eight members of the English Core Cities Group...
radio station
Trent FMTrent FM was an Independent Local Radio station which broadcast to Nottinghamshire. The station merged with two other East Midlands stations, Leicester Sound and Ram FM to form Capital FM East Midlands on Monday 3 January 2011.-History:Launched on 3 July 1975 as Radio Trent and based in a...
. All the images are of the display on the
Sony, commonly referred to as Sony, is a Japanese multinational conglomerate corporation headquartered in Minato, Tokyo, Japan and the world's fifth largest media conglomerate measured by revenues....
XDR-S1 DAB/FM/MW/LW portable radio.
Scrolling Program Service messages are illegal in the U.K. and expressly forbidden by the RDS standards for all countries because of the potential of distracting drivers on the road and causing problems with receiver memory stores. Scrolling messages are, however, widely used in mainland Europe and are common in the U.S.
Other usage
In addition, RDS is being proposed as the data transmission protocol in California's "
Programmable Communicating ThermostatThe term programmable communicating thermostat is used by the California Energy Commission to describe programmable thermostats that can receive information wirelessly....
" (PCT) program. The proposed technology would allow electricity consumers exposed to “
time-based pricingTime-based pricing refers to a type offer or contract by a provider of a service or supplier of a commodity, in which the price depends on the time when the service is provided or the commodity is delivered. The rational background of time-based pricing is expected or observed change of the supply...
” for electricity to respond to an RDS signal containing price information when their retail electricity price changed during periods of high wholesale electricity costs or abnormally high demand that threatened the stability of the electricity grid. The PCT could then automate any actions that the consumer had pre-programmed the device to take. For example, if the price of electricity went up on a hot afternoon because of extremely high demand, the consumer could preset the PCT to raise their air conditioner cooling
set pointA thermostat is the component of a control system which regulates the temperature of a system so that the system's temperature is maintained near a desired setpoint temperature. The thermostat does this by switching heating or cooling devices on or off, or regulating the flow of a heat transfer...
by a few degrees in order to reduce their overall electricity consumption and bill.
The technology could be extended to other home electricity consuming devices such as water heaters,
clothes dryerA clothes dryer or tumble dryer is a household appliance that is used to remove moisture from a load of clothing and other textiles, generally shortly after they are cleaned in a washing machine....
s,
dishwasherA dishwasher is a mechanical device for cleaning dishes and eating utensils. Dishwashers can be found in restaurants and private homes.Unlike manual dishwashing, which relies largely on physical scrubbing to remove soiling, the mechanical dishwasher cleans by spraying hot water, typically between ...
s,
swimming poolA swimming pool, swimming bath, wading pool, or simply a pool, is a container filled with water intended for swimming or water-based recreation. There are many standard sizes; the largest is the Olympic-size swimming pool...
pumps, etc. allowing consumers under
time-based pricingTime-based pricing refers to a type offer or contract by a provider of a service or supplier of a commodity, in which the price depends on the time when the service is provided or the commodity is delivered. The rational background of time-based pricing is expected or observed change of the supply...
for electricity significant automatic control over their electricity consumption during periods when the price of electricity is naturally higher than normal (see
load managementLoad management is the process of balancing the supply of electricity on the network with the electrical load by adjusting or controlling the load rather than the power station output...
). The goal is to give consumers a choice between paying more for high value peak electricity, or reducing their lowest value loads at those times. Such voluntary “
demand responseIn electricity grids, demand response is similar to dynamic demand mechanisms to manage customer consumption of electricity in response to supply conditions, for example, having electricity customers reduce their consumption at critical times or in response to market prices...
” behavior could significantly reduce the price of electricity during non-peak periods because of reduced need for infrequently used
peaking power plantPeaking power plants, also known as peaker plants, and occasionally just "peakers," are power plants that generally run only when there is a high demand, known as peak demand, for electricity.-Peak hours:...
s, and also reduce the chances of
blackoutA power outage is a short- or long-term loss of the electric power to an area.There are many causes of power failures in an electricity network...
s during emergency events when the electricity grid is stressed or damaged.
RDS subcarrier use for the control of peak power has been in development in Australia since early 2000. ETSA the South Australia Electricity Trust and Saab Systems Australia, a local
South AustraliaSouth Australia is a state of Australia in the southern central part of the country. It covers some of the most arid parts of the continent; with a total land area of , it is the fourth largest of Australia's six states and two territories.South Australia shares borders with all of the mainland...
n company, pioneered the idea after Saab engineer Trent Ryan developed the idea in late 1999 and brought it to Saab for further refinement.
In Sweden, RDS PTY signalling is used to let the public service broadcaster break into commercial radio station transmissions to broadcast emergency warnings.
RDS chipsets
Companies such as ST Microelectronics,
Silicon LabsSilicon Laboratories, Inc. is a mixed signal fabless semiconductor company based in Austin, Texas.The company was founded in 1996 by three veterans from the former Crystal Semiconductor – Nav Sooch, Dave Welland and Jeff Scott . The company's CEO is Necip Sayiner. The company went public in...
in
Austin, TexasAustin is the capital city of the U.S. state of :Texas and the seat of Travis County. Located in Central Texas on the eastern edge of the American Southwest, it is the fourth-largest city in Texas and the 14th most populous city in the United States. It was the third-fastest-growing large city in...
and NXP Semiconductors (formerly
PhilipsKoninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. , more commonly known as Philips, is a multinational Dutch electronics company....
) offer single chip solutions that are found in these devices. The Silicon Labs part supports PS, RT, PTY, TMC, and all other RDS types in a single 3x3 mm chip and its intended purpose is portable usage (such as mobile phones and MP3 players). NXP also has solutions in this field, and has some automotive chips.
See also
High-level RDS APIs
- Advanced Multimedia Supplements
In computing, the Advanced Multimedia Supplements is an API specification for the Java ME platform. Practically speaking, it is an extension to JSR 135 Mobile Media API providing new features, such as positional 3D audio processing, audio and video effects processing, better controls for digital...
(JSR-234) (in Java programming language)
- OpenMAX AL (in C programming language)
Related technologies
- Data Radio Channel (DARC)
- DirectBand
DirectBand is a North American wireless datacast network owned and operated by Microsoft. It uses FM radio broadcasts in over 100 cities to constantly transmit data to a variety of devices, including portable GPS devices, wristwatches and home weather stations....
- PSIP
- ALERT FM- RBDS emergency notification system
- HEARO
The HEARO Local Alert Receiver is an emergency management tool to relay and display informational text messages in English, Spanish, French and German using RDS technology. It notifies local residents in the event of an emergency within a matter of seconds. HEARO carries NOAA weather warnings and...
Local Alert Receiver
- UECP -protocol (Universal Encoder Communication Protocol)
Related topics
- Digital radio
Digital radio has several meanings:1. Today the most common meaning is digital radio broadcasting technologies, such as the digital audio broadcasting system, also known as Eureka 147. In these systems, the analog audio signal is digitized into zeros and ones, compressed using formats such as...
- Error correction
- Modem
A modem is a device that modulates an analog carrier signal to encode digital information, and also demodulates such a carrier signal to decode the transmitted information. The goal is to produce a signal that can be transmitted easily and decoded to reproduce the original digital data...
- FM broadcasting
FM broadcasting is a broadcasting technology pioneered by Edwin Howard Armstrong which uses frequency modulation to provide high-fidelity sound over broadcast radio. The term "FM band" describes the "frequency band in which FM is used for broadcasting"...
- Internet radio device
An Internet radio device, also called network music player is a hardware device that is capable of receiving and playing streamed media from either Internet radio stations or a home network.-Background:...
- List of stations using the Radio Data System in New Zealand
- Radio receiver
External links