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SanDisk



 
 
SanDisk Corporation is an American
United States

The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
 multinational corporation
Multinational corporation

A multinational corporation or transnational corporation is a corporation or enterprise that manages production or delivers services in more than one country....
 which designs and markets flash memory
Flash memory

Flash memory is a non-volatile memory computer storage that can be electrically erased and reprogrammed. It is a technology that is primarily used in memory cards and USB flash drives for general storage and transfer of data between computers and other digital products....
 card products. SanDisk was founded in 1988 by Eli Harari and Sanjay Mehrotra, non-volatile memory
Non-volatile memory

Non-volatile memory, nonvolatile memory, NVM or non-volatile storage, is computer memory that can retain the stored information even when not powered....
 technology experts. SanDisk became a publicly traded company on NASDAQ
NASDAQ

The NASDAQ is an United States stock exchange. It is the largest Electronic trading screen-based Stock trading market in the United States....
 in November 1995. In January 2008 its market capitalization was US$6.5 billion. SanDisk produces many different types of flash memory, including various memory cards and a series of USB
Universal Serial Bus

In information technology, Universal Serial Bus is a Serial communications computer bus standard to electrical connector devices to a host computer....
 removable drives.






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SanDisk Corporation is an American
United States

The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
 multinational corporation
Multinational corporation

A multinational corporation or transnational corporation is a corporation or enterprise that manages production or delivers services in more than one country....
 which designs and markets flash memory
Flash memory

Flash memory is a non-volatile memory computer storage that can be electrically erased and reprogrammed. It is a technology that is primarily used in memory cards and USB flash drives for general storage and transfer of data between computers and other digital products....
 card products. SanDisk was founded in 1988 by Eli Harari and Sanjay Mehrotra, non-volatile memory
Non-volatile memory

Non-volatile memory, nonvolatile memory, NVM or non-volatile storage, is computer memory that can retain the stored information even when not powered....
 technology experts. SanDisk became a publicly traded company on NASDAQ
NASDAQ

The NASDAQ is an United States stock exchange. It is the largest Electronic trading screen-based Stock trading market in the United States....
 in November 1995. In January 2008 its market capitalization was US$6.5 billion. SanDisk produces many different types of flash memory, including various memory cards and a series of USB
Universal Serial Bus

In information technology, Universal Serial Bus is a Serial communications computer bus standard to electrical connector devices to a host computer....
 removable drives. SanDisk markets to both the high-end
Upmarket

Upmarket commodities are products, services or real estate targeted at high-income consumers. Examples of products would include items from Samsung, Mercedes-Benz, Hammacher-Schlemmer, and Chanel....
 and low-end sector
Low-end market

In the USA, as well as in most developed countries, the low-end market consists of lower-priced product s suitable for customers who are not willing or able to spend large amounts of money....
 demand for premium quality flash memory; and markets to other equipment makers as well as direct to consumers.

The company is headquartered in Milpitas, California
Milpitas, California

Milpitas is a city in Santa Clara County, California. It is located with San Jose, California to its south and Fremont, California to its north, at the eastern end of California State Route 237 and generally between Interstates Interstate 680 and Interstate 880 which run roughly north/south through the city....
, with offices or manufacturing facilities in 10 locations in Asia (including Taiwan, China and Japan), 6 locations in Europe (including the UK, Ireland and Spain), and 3 locations in Israel (Kfar Sava, Tefen and Omer).

History

Eli Harari, an Israeli Engineer, began making early contributions to EEPROM
EEPROM

EEPROM stands for Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory and is a type of non-volatile memory used in computers and other electronic devices to store small amounts of data that must be saved when power is removed, e.g., calibration tables or device configuration....
 - electrically erasable programmable read-only memory, a precursor to flash memory. Harari worked on flash memory
Flash memory

Flash memory is a non-volatile memory computer storage that can be electrically erased and reprogrammed. It is a technology that is primarily used in memory cards and USB flash drives for general storage and transfer of data between computers and other digital products....
 at Intel, leaving to found a start-up which failed. In 1988, Harari launched the company that would become SanDisk with former Intel colleague Sanjay Mehrotra, and former Hughes Microelectronics colleague Jack Yuan.

Early on, Sandisk had recognized that digital camera
Digital camera

A digital camera is a camera that takes video or still photographs, or both, digitally by recording digital image via an electronics .Many compact digital still cameras can record sound and moving video as well as still photographs....
s would need digital storage, and computers could become ever more mobile and light and would require a similar storage technology. In 1988 Harari offered the flash memory card technology to Kodak for inclusion in their cameras. Kodak offered to fund the development with the condition that SanDisk offer a three year exclusive contract for the 'digital film'. Harari and Sandisk rejected the offer, preferring to have competition in the marketplace.

Financial information


SanDisk is a component of the GSTI Semiconductor Index
GSTI Semiconductor Index

The GSTI Semiconductor Index, or Goldman Sachs Technology Index Semiconductor Index, is a proprietary stock market index. It represents the weighted average stock price of a number of semiconductor manufacturing companies, including Intel, National Semiconductor, Texas Instruments, Motorola, Advanced Micro Devices, SanDisk and Analog Devices....


Acquisitions

  • SanDisk bought M-Systems
    M-Systems

    M-Systems was a Nasdaq-listed Israeli producer of Flash memory founded in 1989 and based in Kfar Saba, best known for its DiskOnChip 2000 line of products for embedded computers....
    , a USB flash memory
    Flash memory

    Flash memory is a non-volatile memory computer storage that can be electrically erased and reprogrammed. It is a technology that is primarily used in memory cards and USB flash drives for general storage and transfer of data between computers and other digital products....
     stick maker for US$1.3 billion in 2006.


MP3 license dispute

On September 4 2006 at the IFA
Internationale Funkausstellung Berlin

The IFA or Internationale Funkausstellung Berlin is one of the oldest industrial exhibitions in Germany. Between 1926 and 1939 it was an annual event, but as from 1950 it was organized on a two yearly basis until 2005....
 show in Berlin
Berlin

Berlin is the Capital of Germany city and one of sixteen States of Germany of Germany. With a population of 3.4 million within its city limits, Berlin is the country's largest city....
, German
Germany

Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....
 authorities seized all MP3 players that were in SanDisk's booth since Italian
Italy

Italy , officially the Italian Republic , is a country located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe and on the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea, Sicily and Sardinia....
 patent
Patent

A patent is a set of exclusive rights granted by a state to an inventor or his assignee for a term of patent in exchange for a disclosure of an invention....
 company Sisvel had won an injunction
Injunction

An injunction is an equitable remedy in the form of a court order, whereby a party is required to do, or to refrain from doing, certain acts. The party that fails to adhere to the injunction faces civil or criminal penalties and may have to pay damages or accept sanctions for failing to follow the court's order....
 against it regarding the MP3 format. Sisvel, who had previously filed a separate lawsuit
Lawsuit

In law, a lawsuit is a civil action brought before a court in which the party commencing the action, called the plaintiff, seeks a legal remedy or equitable remedy....
 in Mannheim
Mannheim

Mannheim is a city in Germany. With 327,318 inhabitants it is the second-largest city in the state of Baden-W?rttemberg after the capital Stuttgart....
, claims that SanDisk uses the MP3
MP3

MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3, more commonly referred to as MP3, is a digital audio Encoder format using a form of lossy data compression. It is a common audio format for consumer audio storage, as well as a de facto standard encoding for the transfer and playback of music on digital audio players....
 format without paying the required licensing fee. On September 8, 2006, a Berlin court overturned the injunction and SanDisk put the players back on display.

On March 16 2007 SanDisk issued a press release announcing they had reached agreement and now acquired licences for all current and future MP3 applications.

Products

FlashCP FlashCP
FlashCP

FlashCP is a copyright enforcement technology for the storage of electronic materials . Originally developed under the trademark "BootLocker", SanDisk acquired the technology in 2005 with the purchase of Israeli-based MDRM....
 is a digital rights management
Digital rights management

Digital rights management refers to access control technologies used by publishers, copyright holders, and hardware manufacturers to limit usage of digital media or devices....
 technology for the storage of electronic materials (e.g. e-book
E-book

An e-book is the digital media equivalent of a conventional printed book. Such documents are usually read on personal computers, or on dedicated computer hardware devices known as e-book readers or e-book devices....
s) on portable devices. FlashCP is targeted primarily at students and allows transportation of copyrighted material while enforcing copy restrictions against the user. SanDisk acquired the technology in 2005 with the purchase of Israel
Israel

Israel officially the State of Israel , is a country in the Middle East located on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It borders Lebanon in the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan in the east, and Egypt on the southwest, and contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area....
-based MDRM. As an avid proponent of DRM, this is one of many such technologies developed by SanDisk, the other ones being Gruvi
Gruvi

Gruvi was a short-lived memory card format compatible with microSD developed by Sandisk in 2006. The cards were intended for the distribution of music and videos, and had a variety of special Digital rights management features including the ability to pre-load content that could be 'unlocked' at a later date....
 pre-loaded memory cards and the underlying TrustedFlash technology. SanDisk media players have near universal support for Windows Media
Windows Media

Windows Media is a multimedia framework for media clip creation and distribution for Microsoft Windows. It consists of a software development kit with several application programming interfaces and a number of prebuilt technologies, and is the replacement of NetShow technologies....
 DRM and rely almost exclusively on variants of the copy-protection capable Secure Digital format for removable storage.

Currently, SanDisk manufactures one drive that uses the FlashCP technology, called the Freedom Drive, which is part of the Cruzer line. Additionally, digital content can be downloaded to Cruzer Freedom from the , a growing online store offering digital books, music, games, and education tools. Prices for on line products vary. Many selections are free. Once downloaded, the digital content may be used online and offline.

In addition, the company has a division named SanDisk Enterprise which develops and manufactures a secure USB drive. SanDisk Enterprise was created to provide a solution for enterprises and government agencies to allow mobilization of the corporate computing environment with password protected USB flash drives. The company attempts to address the organization's risk management needs.

SanDisk Products

  • CompactFlash
    CompactFlash

    CompactFlash is a mass storage device format used in portable electronic devices. For storage, CompactFlash typically uses flash memory in a standardized enclosure....
     cards (1994)
  • MultiMediaCard
    MultiMediaCard

    The MultiMediaCard is a flash memory memory card standard. Unveiled in 1997 by Siemens AG and SanDisk, it is based on Toshiba's Flash memory#NAND memories, and is therefore much smaller than earlier systems based on Intel Flash memory#NOR memories such as CompactFlash....
    s (1997)
  • Secure USB Drive (2000)
  • Cruzer Enterprise
    Cruzer Enterprise

    Developed by SanDisk Enterprise, the Cruzer Enterprise is an encrypted USB flash drive. This secure USB drive imposes a mandatory access control on all files, storing them in a hardware-encrypted, password-protected partition....
  • Memory Stick PRO
    Memory Stick

    Memory Stick is a removable flash memory memory card format, launched by Sony in October 1998 , and is also used in general to describe the whole family of Memory Sticks....
     cards (2003)
  • RS-MMC (Reduced-Size MultiMediaCards) (2004)
  • SD card
    Secure Digital card

    Secure Digital is a non-volatile memory memory card format developed by Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., SanDisk, and Toshiba for use in portable devices....
    s (2001), miniSD Card
    MiniSD Card

    The miniSD Card is a small form factor removable and portable memory device intended for use in Mobile phone/Mobile phone, digital camera, Digital audio player and many other gadgets....
    s (2003), and microSD
    MicroSD

    microSD is a format for removable flash memory cards. The SD stands for Secure Digital. It is commonly used in cellular phones, but also in handheld GPS devices, portable media players, digital audio players, expandable USB flash memory drives, and for Nintendo DS flashcards, along with digital cameras....
     Cards (2005)
  • SanDisk Cruzer
    SanDisk Cruzer

    File:SanDiskCruzerRange.pngThe SanDisk Cruzer is a range of USB flash drives produced by SanDisk. These flash drives have a capacity range from 1 Gigabyte to 32 GB....
     USB flash drive
    USB flash drive

    A USB flash drive consists of a Flash memory#NAND memories-type flash memory data storage device integrated with a USB interface. USB flash drives are typically removable and rewritable, much smaller than a floppy disk , and most USB flash drives weigh less than an ounce ....
    s
  • Memory Stick PRO Duo and Memory Stick PRO-HG Duo cards
  • SanDisk Sansa
    SanDisk Sansa

    The SanDisk Sansa is a line of flash memory-based digital audio players and portable media players produced by SanDisk....
     MP3 players
  • USB memory card readers
  • USB Smart Drives for Console and PC
    Personal computer

    A personal computer is any general-purpose computer whose original sales price, size, and capabilities make it useful for individuals, and which is intended to be operated directly by an end user, with no intervening computer operator....
     video gaming
  • Solid-state drive
    Solid-state drive

    A solid-state drive is a data storage device that uses Solid-state Computer storage to store persistent data. An SSD emulates a hard disk drive interface, thus easily replacing it in most applications....
    s (SSD)
  • Gruvi
    Gruvi

    Gruvi was a short-lived memory card format compatible with microSD developed by Sandisk in 2006. The cards were intended for the distribution of music and videos, and had a variety of special Digital rights management features including the ability to pre-load content that could be 'unlocked' at a later date....
     DRM memory cards (2006 - discontinued)
  • MegaSIM High capacity SIM Card (expected: Q4 - 2008)


The current Sansa line of flash memory based audio and video players consists of the following:
  • Sansa Shaker
  • Sansa Clip
  • Sansa Express
  • Sansa Fuze
    Sansa Fuze

    The Sansa Fuze is a portable media player developed by SanDisk, and released on March 8, 2008. The Fuze is available in three different Flash memory capacities: 2 GB, 4 GB, and 8 GB....
  • Sansa c200
  • Sansa e200
    Sansa e200 series

    The Sansa e200 series is a portable media player developed by SanDisk, and released on January 5, 2006. The device is available in four capacities of Flash memory: 2 GB , 4 GB , 6 GB , and 8 GB ....
  • Sansa View


See also

  • FlashCP
    FlashCP

    FlashCP is a copyright enforcement technology for the storage of electronic materials . Originally developed under the trademark "BootLocker", SanDisk acquired the technology in 2005 with the purchase of Israeli-based MDRM....
  • Flash memory
    Flash memory

    Flash memory is a non-volatile memory computer storage that can be electrically erased and reprogrammed. It is a technology that is primarily used in memory cards and USB flash drives for general storage and transfer of data between computers and other digital products....
  • Secure USB Drive
  • Central Management and Control
    Central Management and Control

    Developed by SanDisk Enterprise, Central Management and Control is enterprise data management software that enables information technology divisions to centrally manage Cruzer Enterprise secure USB drives in the corporate sector....
  • USB drive
    USB flash drive

    A USB flash drive consists of a Flash memory#NAND memories-type flash memory data storage device integrated with a USB interface. USB flash drives are typically removable and rewritable, much smaller than a floppy disk , and most USB flash drives weigh less than an ounce ....
  • Sansa
    SanDisk Sansa

    The SanDisk Sansa is a line of flash memory-based digital audio players and portable media players produced by SanDisk....


External links