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Mikhail Kalinin

 
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Mikhail Kalinin
 
 
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Mikhail Ivanovich Kalinin ( – June 3, 1946) was a Bolshevik
Bolshevik

Bolsheviks, originally also Bolshevists were a faction of the Marxism Russian Social Democratic Labour Party which split apart from the Menshevik faction at the 2nd Congress of the RSDLP in 1903 and ultimately became the Communist Party of the Soviet Union....
 revolutionary and the titular head of state
Head of State

Head of state is the generic term for the individual or collective office that serves as the chief public representative of a monarchic or republican nation-state, federation, commonwealth or any other political state....
 of the Soviet Union
Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was a Constitution of the Soviet Union socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.The name is a translation of the , romanization of Russian Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik, abbreviated ????, SSSR....
 from 1919 to 1946. Though only four years older than Joseph Stalin
Joseph Stalin

Joseph Stalin was the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union's Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1922 until his death in 1953....
, Kalinin was celebrated as Dedushka ("Grandpa") by the Young Pioneers
Young Pioneers

Oranizations *Pioneer movement various communist youth movements...
. Two large cities, Tver
Tver

Tver is a types of inhabited localities in Russia in Russia, the administrative center of Tver Oblast. Population: 405,500 ; 408,903 . Tver was formerly the capital of a powerful medieval state and a model provincial town in Imperial Russia with population of 60,000 on...
 and Königsberg
Königsberg

K?nigsberg was after World War II in 1946 renamed Kaliningrad by the Soviet Union.The city was the Capital of East Prussia from the Late Middle Ages until 1945....
, were renamed in his honor; the latter has retained the name Kaliningrad
Kaliningrad

Kaliningrad is a seaport and the administrative center of Kaliningrad Oblast, the Russian exclave between Poland and Lithuania on the Baltic Sea....
 after the fall of the USSR.

Biography
Born to a peasant family in the village of Verkhnyaya Troitsa (??????? ??????), Tverskaya Gubernia
Tver Oblast

Tver Oblast is a federal subjects of Russia of Russia . Its administrative center is the city of Tver.Area: 84,586 km?. Population is estimated at 1,440,002 in 2004, down from about 1,670,000 in 1989....
, Russia
Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
, he moved to Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg

Saint Petersburg is a types of inhabited localities in Russia and a federal subjects of Russia of Russia located on the Neva River at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea....
 in 1889 as a servant of a rich neighbour and became a metal worker in 1895.






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Mikhail Ivanovich Kalinin ( – June 3, 1946) was a Bolshevik
Bolshevik

Bolsheviks, originally also Bolshevists were a faction of the Marxism Russian Social Democratic Labour Party which split apart from the Menshevik faction at the 2nd Congress of the RSDLP in 1903 and ultimately became the Communist Party of the Soviet Union....
 revolutionary and the titular head of state
Head of State

Head of state is the generic term for the individual or collective office that serves as the chief public representative of a monarchic or republican nation-state, federation, commonwealth or any other political state....
 of the Soviet Union
Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was a Constitution of the Soviet Union socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.The name is a translation of the , romanization of Russian Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik, abbreviated ????, SSSR....
 from 1919 to 1946. Though only four years older than Joseph Stalin
Joseph Stalin

Joseph Stalin was the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union's Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1922 until his death in 1953....
, Kalinin was celebrated as Dedushka ("Grandpa") by the Young Pioneers
Young Pioneers

Oranizations *Pioneer movement various communist youth movements...
. Two large cities, Tver
Tver

Tver is a types of inhabited localities in Russia in Russia, the administrative center of Tver Oblast. Population: 405,500 ; 408,903 . Tver was formerly the capital of a powerful medieval state and a model provincial town in Imperial Russia with population of 60,000 on...
 and Königsberg
Königsberg

K?nigsberg was after World War II in 1946 renamed Kaliningrad by the Soviet Union.The city was the Capital of East Prussia from the Late Middle Ages until 1945....
, were renamed in his honor; the latter has retained the name Kaliningrad
Kaliningrad

Kaliningrad is a seaport and the administrative center of Kaliningrad Oblast, the Russian exclave between Poland and Lithuania on the Baltic Sea....
 after the fall of the USSR.

Biography


Born to a peasant family in the village of Verkhnyaya Troitsa (??????? ??????), Tverskaya Gubernia
Tver Oblast

Tver Oblast is a federal subjects of Russia of Russia . Its administrative center is the city of Tver.Area: 84,586 km?. Population is estimated at 1,440,002 in 2004, down from about 1,670,000 in 1989....
, Russia
Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
, he moved to Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg

Saint Petersburg is a types of inhabited localities in Russia and a federal subjects of Russia of Russia located on the Neva River at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea....
 in 1889 as a servant of a rich neighbour and became a metal worker in 1895. In 1898 he joined the Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party. In 1906 he married the ethnic Estonian Katarina Lo?rberg (Russian: Yekaterina Ivanovna Lorberg)(1882–1960), who was arrested in October 1938, forced under torture to confess to "counterrevolutionary Trotskyist activities" and sent to a labor camp (released in 1945).

Kalinin was a candidate member of the Politburo from 1919 until 1925 when he became a full member. He remained on the body until 1946.

In 1925 Kalinin strongly opposed to a county named after him, suggesting that the assessment of politicians on the right belongs to the descendants. But in 1931 he signed the decree renaming the city of Tver
Tver

Tver is a types of inhabited localities in Russia in Russia, the administrative center of Tver Oblast. Population: 405,500 ; 408,903 . Tver was formerly the capital of a powerful medieval state and a model provincial town in Imperial Russia with population of 60,000 on...
 Kalinin. In 1932 Kalinin signed the Law of Spikelets
Law of Spikelets

Law of Spikelets was a common name of the law based on the decree of Supreme Soviet and Sovnarkom of the USSR "About protection of the property of state enterprises, kolkhozes and cooperatives, and strengthening of the public property" dated August 7, 1932....
.

From March 1919 to 1938 he was Chairman of the All-Union Executive Committee, i.e. titular Soviet head of state, informally known as "the all-Union Elder" (?????????? ????????). The title was then changed to Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, which he assumed and held until 1946.

He retired in 1946 and died shortly afterward in Moscow
Moscow

Moscow is the capital and the largest types of inhabited localities in Russia of the Russian Federation. It is also the largest European cities and metropolitan areas, with the Moscow metropolitan area ranking among the largest urban areas in the world....
. Kalinin was honoured with a major state funeral
State funeral

A state funeral is a public funeral ceremony held to honour heads of state or other important people of national significance. They usually include much pomp and ceremony....
 and was buried in the Kremlin Wall Necropolis
Kremlin Wall Necropolis

The Kremlin Wall Necropolis is a part of the Kremlin Wall in Moscow overlooking the Red Square. Soviet governments buried many prominent local and international Communism figures here....
.

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