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Manti, also manty, mantu, mantou, or manties (; , ; , ; , ; Persian
Persian language

name=Persian|nativename=|pronunciation=[f??r'si]|image=|caption=Farsi in Perso-Arabic script |states= Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Bahrain....
: ????), are a type of dumpling
Dumpling

Dumplings, as defined in a standard English dictionary, fall in two main categories: these are either "piece[s] of dough, sometimes filled, that are cooked in liquid such as water or soup" or alternatively "sweetened dough wrapped around fruit, such as an apple, baked and served as a dessert." More generally, dumplings may be any of a wi...
 in Turkish and various Central Asian and Caucasian
Caucasus

The Caucasus or Caucas is a geopolitical region located between Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. It is home to Europe's highest mountain ....
 cuisines, closely related to the east Asian baozi
Baozi

A baozi or simply known as bao, bau, nunu, pow is a type of steaming, filled bun or bread-like item in various Chinese cuisines, as there is much variation as to the fillings and the preparations....
 and mandu
Mandu (dumpling)

Mandu are dumplings in Korean cuisine. First brought to Korea by the Mongols, they are similar to what are called pelmeni and pierogi in some Slavic peoples cultures....
. Manti dumplings consist of a spiced meat mixture, usually lamb or ground beef, in a dough wrapper. It is either boiled or steamed. The word is used only in plural, referring to the collection of dumplings on a plate or in a pot.

i were carried across Central Asia
Central Asia

Central Asia is a region of Asia from the Caspian Sea in the west to central China in the east, and from southern Russia in the north to northern India in the south....
 to Anatolia
Anatolia

Anatolia or Asia Minor is a region of Western Asia, comprising most of the modern Republic of Turkey. It is a geographic region bounded by the Black Sea to the north, the Caucasus to the northeast, the Aegean Sea to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and the Iranian plateau to the east and southeast....
 by migrating Turks in the Chingizid
Mongol Empire

The Mongol Empire was the List of largest empires#Contiguous Empires empire and the largest bar none. It emerged from the unification of Mongols and Turkic peoples tribes in modern day Mongolia, and grew through Mongol invasions, after Genghis Khan had been proclaimed ruler of all Mongols in 1206....
-Timurid periods.






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Manti, also manty, mantu, mantou, or manties (; , ; , ; , ; Persian
Persian language

name=Persian|nativename=|pronunciation=[f??r'si]|image=|caption=Farsi in Perso-Arabic script |states= Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Bahrain....
: ????), are a type of dumpling
Dumpling

Dumplings, as defined in a standard English dictionary, fall in two main categories: these are either "piece[s] of dough, sometimes filled, that are cooked in liquid such as water or soup" or alternatively "sweetened dough wrapped around fruit, such as an apple, baked and served as a dessert." More generally, dumplings may be any of a wi...
 in Turkish and various Central Asian and Caucasian
Caucasus

The Caucasus or Caucas is a geopolitical region located between Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. It is home to Europe's highest mountain ....
 cuisines, closely related to the east Asian baozi
Baozi

A baozi or simply known as bao, bau, nunu, pow is a type of steaming, filled bun or bread-like item in various Chinese cuisines, as there is much variation as to the fillings and the preparations....
 and mandu
Mandu (dumpling)

Mandu are dumplings in Korean cuisine. First brought to Korea by the Mongols, they are similar to what are called pelmeni and pierogi in some Slavic peoples cultures....
. Manti dumplings consist of a spiced meat mixture, usually lamb or ground beef, in a dough wrapper. It is either boiled or steamed. The word is used only in plural, referring to the collection of dumplings on a plate or in a pot.

History

Manti were carried across Central Asia
Central Asia

Central Asia is a region of Asia from the Caspian Sea in the west to central China in the east, and from southern Russia in the north to northern India in the south....
 to Anatolia
Anatolia

Anatolia or Asia Minor is a region of Western Asia, comprising most of the modern Republic of Turkey. It is a geographic region bounded by the Black Sea to the north, the Caucasus to the northeast, the Aegean Sea to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and the Iranian plateau to the east and southeast....
 by migrating Turks in the Chingizid
Mongol Empire

The Mongol Empire was the List of largest empires#Contiguous Empires empire and the largest bar none. It emerged from the unification of Mongols and Turkic peoples tribes in modern day Mongolia, and grew through Mongol invasions, after Genghis Khan had been proclaimed ruler of all Mongols in 1206....
-Timurid periods. According to Holly Chase, "Turkic and Mongol horsemen on the move are supposed to have carried frozen or dried manti, which could be quickly boiled over a camp-fire". In Turkey it is also called Tatar böregi (Tatar
Tatars

Tatars , sometimes spelled Tartars, refers to a Turkic people ethnic group mainly inhabiting Russia, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Kyrgyzstan, Bulgaria, Romania, Lithuania, and Poland....
 burek
Burek

Burek is a type of baked or fried filled pastry, popular in some countries around the Mediterranian Sea, the Slavic cuisines, throughout the Balkans and the former Ottoman Empire....
s), which indicates its relation to nomadic peoples. A mid-15th century Ottoman recipe survives, with the manti filled with pounded lamb and crushed chickpeas, steamed, and served topped with yogurt mixed with crushed garlic and sprinkled with sumac. Manti are popular throughout the former Soviet Union, where the dish spread from the Central Asian republics.

In Turkish cuisine

In Turkish cuisine, manti are typically served topped with yogurt and garlic
Garlic

Allium sativum L., commonly known as garlic, is a species in the onion family Alliaceae. Its close relatives include the onion, shallot, leek, and chive....
 and spiced with red pepper
Red pepper

Red pepper may refer to:* Capsicum, whose fruit is used as a vegetable or spice* The ripe form of black peppercorns* Red Pepper , in Uganda...
 powder and melted butter. Ground sumac
Sumac

Sumac is any one of approximately 250 species of flowering plants in the genus Rhus and related genera, in the family Anacardiaceae. The dried berries of some species are ground to produce a tangy purple spice....
 and/or dried mint
Mentha

Mentha is a genus of about 25 species of flowering plants in the Family Lamiaceae . Species within Mentha have a cosmopolitan distribution distribution across Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia, and North America....
 can be added to taste. Manti may be made from shredded meat of quail or chicken in some regions of Turkey.

In Afghan cuisine

In Afghan cuisine
Cuisine of Afghanistan

Afghanistan has a wide varying landscape allowing for many different crops. Afghan cuisine is largely based upon the nation's chief crops: cereals like wheat, maize, barley and rice....
, the mantu are filled with a ground lamb or beef mixed with pureed onions and spices, steamed and then topped with yogurt, dried or fresh mint, olive oil, minced garlic, lemon juice, and coriander. Sometimes the mantu are topped with split peas, red kidney beans, and/or ground beef as well. Chatney
Cuisine of Afghanistan

Afghanistan has a wide varying landscape allowing for many different crops. Afghan cuisine is largely based upon the nation's chief crops: cereals like wheat, maize, barley and rice....
, a spicy green or red pepper condiment sauce, may be sprinkled on top. Afghan style Mantu are very popular in the Chitral
Chitral

Chitral or Chatral basically translated as field in the native language Khowar, is the name of the tribe, town, valley, river, district and former State of Chitral in the Malakand Division of the Northwest Frontier Province of Pakistan....
 region of Pakistan
Pakistan

Pakistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia and borders Central Asia and the Middle East. It has a 1,046 kilometre coastline along the Arabian Sea and Gulf of Oman in the south, and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, India in the east and People's Republic of China in th...
. In Chitral and neighbouring Gilgit
Gilgit

Gilgit is a city in Northern PakistanGilgit may refer to other terms related with the area of the city:* Gilgit River* Gilgit Valley...
 mantu are served simply with only black pepper and vinegar.

In Kazakh cuisine

In Kazakh cuisine
Kazakh cuisine

Kazakh cuisine traditionally revolves around mutton and horse meat and as well as various Dairy products. The cooking techniques and major ingredients have been strongly influenced by the nation's nomadic way of life....
, the manti filling is normally ground lamb (or beef or horse meat
Horse meat

Horse meat is the culinary name for meat cut from a horse. It is slightly sweet, tender, low in fat, and high in protein. For the majority of mankind?s early existence wild horses were hunted as a source of protein....
) spiced with black pepper, sometimes with the addition of chopped pumpkin or squash. Manti are cooked in a multi-level steamer and served topped with butter, sour cream, or onion (or garlic) sauce. When sold as street food in Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan, also Kazakstan , officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a large Eurasian country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Ranked as the List of countries by area as well as the world's largest landlocked country, it has a territory of 2,727,300 km? ....
, manti are typically presented sprinkled with hot red pepper powder.

In Kyrgyz cuisine

In Kyrgyz cuisine, manti are usually made of one (or a combination) of the following ingredients: lamb, beef, potato, or pumpkin. Fat is often added to meat manti, as fat makes the dumplings juicy. Besides steaming, frying and boiling are common too. Manti are usually topped with butter and served with sour cream, special tomato sauce, or fresh onion rings (sprinkled with vinegar and black pepper). Also a sauce made by mixing vinegar
Vinegar

Vinegar is an acidic liquid processed from the fermentation of ethanol in a process that yields its key ingredient, acetic acid . It also may come in a diluted form....
 and chilli powder is very common. Because manti is an exciting dish for children and preparing it is time- and energy-consuming (unlike the preparation of soups, plovs, and other meals), it can often be a family activity, where the help of even young family members is enlisted.

Manti are often accompanied by hot tea
Tea

Tea refers to the agricultural products of the leaves, leaf buds, and internodes of the Camellia sinensis plant, prepared and cured by various methods....
. It may be advisable not to consume any cold or chilled beverages immediately after consuming fatty manti.

See also

  • Khinkali
    Khinkali

    Khinkali are Georgia dumplings filled with various fillings such as mushrooms or greens, however usually spiced meat with onions and garlic. They are eaten plain, or with coarse black pepper....
  • Vareniki
    Vareniki

    Varenyky or vareniki are a kind of stuffed dumpling associated with Ukrainian cuisine. Some variants are also found in Belarusian cuisine , Russian cuisine , Lithuanian cuisine and Polish cuisine cooking....
  • Pelmeni
    Pelmeni

    Pelmeni are a Russia national dish, a type of dumpling consisting of a filling that is wrapped in thin unleavened dough. In other languages they are called by similar names: Belarusian language: ???????? pyal?meni; Tatar language: ?????? pilm?n; pel?meni; ; ....
  • Pierogi
    Pierogi

    Pierogi , from the Proto-Slavic "pir" , is the name most commonly used in English speaking areas to refer to a variety of Slavic peoples semicircular boiled dumplings of Leavening dough stuffed with varying ingredients....
  • Mandu (dumpling)
    Mandu (dumpling)

    Mandu are dumplings in Korean cuisine. First brought to Korea by the Mongols, they are similar to what are called pelmeni and pierogi in some Slavic peoples cultures....
  • Momo
    Momo (food)

    Momo , also momo-cha, is a type of Tibetan, Ladakh and Nepali dumpling, similar to Mongolian buuz, Chinese jiaozi, or Central Asian manti, closely related to Russian pelmeni or Italian ravioli....
  • Kalduny
    Kalduny

    Kalduny or kolduny are stuffed dumplings made of unleavened dough in Belarusian cuisine, Lithuanian cuisine, and Polish cuisine cuisines, akin to the Russian cuisine pelmeni and the Ukrainian cuisine vareniki....
  • Kreplach
    Kreplach

    Kreplach are small dumplings filled with ground meat, mashed potatoes or another filling, usually boiled and served in chicken soup. They are similar to Italian ravioli and Chinese wontons....
  • Tortellini
    Tortellini

    Tortellini is a variety of ring-shaped pasta. They are typically stuffed with a mix of meat . Originally from the Italy region of Emilia , they are usually served in broth, with cream, or sometimes with a rag?....
  • Ravioli
    Ravioli

    Ravioli is a type of filled pasta composed of a filling sealed between two layers of thin pasta dough. The word ravioli is reminiscent of the Italian language verb ravvolgere , though the two words are not etymologically connected....
  • Maultasche
    Maultasche

    Maultaschen are a swabia specialty food, consisting of an outer layer of pasta dough with a filling traditionally made of minced meat, spinach, bread crumbs and onions and flavored with various spices....
  • Wonton
    Wonton

    A wonton is a type of dumpling commonly found in a number of Chinese cuisines....
  • Baozi
    Baozi

    A baozi or simply known as bao, bau, nunu, pow is a type of steaming, filled bun or bread-like item in various Chinese cuisines, as there is much variation as to the fillings and the preparations....
     (steamed)
  • Jiaozi
    Jiaozi

    Jiaozi , gyoza , or pot sticker is a Cuisine of China dumpling, widely popular in Mainland China and Japan as well as outside of East Asia, particularly in North America....
     (fried)
  • Gyoza
  • Guotie (potstickers)
    Jiaozi

    Jiaozi , gyoza , or pot sticker is a Cuisine of China dumpling, widely popular in Mainland China and Japan as well as outside of East Asia, particularly in North America....
  • Wonton
    Wonton

    A wonton is a type of dumpling commonly found in a number of Chinese cuisines....
  • Buuz
    Buuz

    Buuz are a type of Mongolian culture steamed dumpling filled with minced Lamb , or yak meat. The meat is flavoured with onion or garlic and salted....
  • Siopao
    Siopao

    Siopao are China steamed bread buns filled with meat , vegetables or sweet filling . Siopao is the Cantonese pronunciation for the steamed bread buns....
  • Chuchvara
    Chuchvara

    Chuchvara is a very small dumpling typical of Uzbek cuisine. Made of unleavened dough squares filled with meat, it is similar to the Russian cuisine pelmeni and the Chinese cuisine wanton, but in observance of the Islamic dietary laws, the meat filling is without pork....


Bibliography

  • Holly Chase, "The Meyhane or McDonald's?: Changes in eating habits and the evolution of fast food in Istanbul", pp. 73-85, in Zubaida & Tapper
  • Bert Fragner, "From the Caucasus to the Roof of the World: a culinary adventure", pp. 49-62, in Zubaida & Tapper
  • Sami Zubaida and Richard Tapper, A Taste of Thyme: Culinary Cultures of the Middle East, London and New York, 1994 and 2000, ISBN 1-86064-603-4.
  • Stéphane Yerasimos. Á la table du Grand Turc. Arles, France: Actes Sud, 2001. ISBN 2-7427-3443-0.
  • Irina Petrosian, David Underwood, Armenian Food: Fact, Fiction & Folklore. Lulu.com, 2006. ISBN 1-411698657.