Kalduny

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Kalduny

Kalduny or kolduny ( , , used in plural only) are stuffed dumpling

Dumpling

Dumplings, as defined in a standard English dictionary, fall in two main categories: these are either "piece[s] of dough, sometimes filled, that are cooked in liquid such as water or soup" or alternatively "sweetened dough wrapped around fruit, such as an apple, baked and served as a dessert." More generally, dumplings may be any of a wi...
s made of unleavened dough

Dough

This article is about a cooking ingredient. For the British sitcom episode, see Dough .Dough is a paste made out of any cereals or legume crops by mixing the flour with a small amount of water....
in Belarusian

Belarusian cuisine

Belarusian cuisine derives from the same sources as those of its neighbours - Lithuanian cuisine, Cuisine of Ukraine, Polish cuisine, and in later times Russian cuisine....
, Lithuanian

Lithuanian cuisine

Lithuanian cuisine features the products suited to its cool and moist northern climate: barley, potatoes, rye, beets, Leaf vegetable, berries, and mushrooms are locally grown, and dairy products are one of its specialities....
, and Polish

Polish cuisine

Polish cuisine is a mixture of Slavs and Germanic culinary traditions. It is rich in meat, especially chicken and pork, and winter vegetables , and spices, as well as different kinds of noodles the most notable of which are the pierogi....
cuisines, akin to the Russian

Russian cuisine

Pelmeni

Pelmeni are a Russia national dish, a type of dumpling consisting of a filling that is wrapped in thin unleavened dough. In other languages they are called by similar names: Belarusian language: ???????? pyal?meni; Tatar language: ?????? pilm?n; pel?meni; ; ....
and the Ukrainian

Ukrainian cuisine

Ukrainian cuisine has a rich history and offers a wide variety of dishes. The cuisine of modern Ukraine is based on traditional Ukrainian recipes, Ukrainian recipes also bears influences from its neighbors' cuisines like Russian cuisine, German cuisine, Turkish cuisine and Polish cuisine, Lithuanian cuisine, and what can be called the Soviet...
vareniki

Vareniki

Varenyky or vareniki are a kind of stuffed dumpling associated with Ukrainian cuisine. Some variants are also found in Belarusian cuisine , Russian cuisine , Lithuanian cuisine and Polish cuisine cooking....
. In Slavic languages

Slavic languages

File:Slavic europe.svgThe Slavic languages , a group of closely related languages of the Slavic peoples and a subgroup of Indo-European languages, have speakers in most of Eastern Europe, in much of the Balkans, in parts of Central Europe, and in the northern part of Asia....
the word means “magicians” or “sorcerers”, but it is unclear how the word became associated with the dish. The origin of kalduny is uncertain: they may have originated with equal likelihood in the West (Germany

Germany

Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....
or Czech lands

Czech lands

The "Czech lands" is an auxiliary term used mainly to describe the combination of Bohemia, Moravia and Czech Silesia.Today, those three historic provinces compose the Czech Republic....
) or in the East (brought by the Tatar-Mongols

Tatars

Siberia

Siberia , is the name given to the vast region constituting almost all of North Asia and for the most part currently serving as the massive central and eastern portion of the Russian Federation, having served in the same capacity previously for the Soviet Union from its beginning, and the Russian Empire beginning in the 16th century....
and the Urals

Ural Mountains

The Ural Mountains are a mountain range that runs roughly north and south through western Russia. They are usually considered as the natural boundary between Europe and Asia....
).

uny, dumplings of unleavened dough

Dough

Meat

In modern English usage, meat most often refers to animal biological tissue used as food, mostly skeletal muscle and associated fat, but it may also refer to offal, including livers, skin, brains, bone marrow, kidneys, in some countries lungs, and a variety of other internal organs as well as blood....
, mushroom

Mushroom

A mushroom is the fleshy, spore-bearing fruiting body of a fungus, typically produced above ground on soil or on its food source. The standard for the name "mushroom" is the cultivated white button mushroom, Agaricus bisporus, hence the word mushroom is most often applied to those fungi that have a stem , a cap , and gills on the unde...
s, or other stuffings, are related to similar dishes in the West and in the East alike, from Italian

Italian cuisine

Italian cuisine as a national cuisine known today has evolved through centuries of social and political changes, with its roots traced back to 4th century BC....
ravioli

Ravioli

Ravioli is a type of filled pasta composed of a filling sealed between two layers of thin pasta dough. The word ravioli is reminiscent of the Italian language verb ravvolgere , though the two words are not etymologically connected....
, Hungarian derelye

Pierogi

Pierogi , from the Proto-Slavic "pir" , is the name most commonly used in English speaking areas to refer to a variety of Slavic peoples semicircular boiled dumplings of Leavening dough stuffed with varying ingredients....
, and Ashkenazi Jewish

Jewish cuisine

Jewish cuisine is a collection of international cookery traditions linked by Jewish dietary laws and Jewish holiday traditions. Certain foods, notably pork and shellfish, are forbidden; meat and dairy may not be combined, and meat must be Ritual slaughter and salted to remove all traces of blood....
pirogen

Pierogi

Russian cuisine

Pelmeni

Central Asia

Central Asia is a region of Asia from the Caspian Sea in the west to central China in the east, and from southern Russia in the north to northern India in the south....
n manti or chuchvara

Chuchvara

Chuchvara is a very small dumpling typical of Uzbek cuisine. Made of unleavened dough squares filled with meat, it is similar to the Russian cuisine pelmeni and the Chinese cuisine wanton, but in observance of the Islamic dietary laws, the meat filling is without pork....
.

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Encyclopedia

Kalduny or kolduny ( , , used in plural only) are stuffed dumpling

Dumpling

Dough

Belarusian cuisine

Belarusian cuisine derives from the same sources as those of its neighbours - Lithuanian cuisine, Cuisine of Ukraine, Polish cuisine, and in later times Russian cuisine....
, Lithuanian

Lithuanian cuisine

Polish cuisine

Russian cuisine

Pelmeni

Ukrainian cuisine

Vareniki

Slavic languages

Germany

Czech lands

Tatars

Siberia

Ural Mountains

The Ural Mountains are a mountain range that runs roughly north and south through western Russia. They are usually considered as the natural boundary between Europe and Asia....
).

Description

Kalduny, dumplings of unleavened dough

Dough

Meat

Mushroom

Italian cuisine

Italian cuisine as a national cuisine known today has evolved through centuries of social and political changes, with its roots traced back to 4th century BC....
ravioli

Ravioli

Pierogi

Jewish cuisine

Pierogi

Russian cuisine

Pelmeni

Central Asia

Central Asia is a region of Asia from the Caspian Sea in the west to central China in the east, and from southern Russia in the north to northern India in the south....
n manti or chuchvara

Chuchvara

Ham

Ham is the thigh and rump of pork, cut from the haunch of a pig or boar. Although it may be cooked and served fresh, most ham is Curing in some fashion....
and mushrooms (Kalduny Count Tyshkevich, named after a Belarusian noble family from Lahojsk

Lahojsk

Lahojsk is a city in the Minsk Voblast of Belarus, an administrative center of the Lahojsk district. This city has a ski resort named Silichy....
near Minsk

Minsk

Minsk is the Capital and largest city in Belarus, situated on the Svislach River and Nemiga rivers. Minsk is also a headquarters of the Commonwealth of Independent States ....
) were long considered Belarus’s “visiting card”, although decades of Soviet rule almost erased their trace from public memory and now they are only served in a few local restaurants. Currently the Russian

Russian cuisine

Pelmeni

Ukrainian cuisine

Vareniki

Flour

Flour is a powder made of cereal grains. It is the main ingredient of bread, which is a staple food for many civilizations, making the availability of adequate supplies of flour a major economic and political issue at various times throughout history....
mixed with tepid water

Water

Water is a common chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of life. In typical usage, water refers only to its liquid form or States of matter, but the substance also has a solid state, ice, and a gaseous state, water vapor or steam....
, eggs

Egg (food)

An egg is a round or oval body laid by the female of many animals, consisting of an ovum surrounded by layers of membranes and an outer casing, which acts to nourish and protect a developing embryo and its nutrient reserves....
, and some salt

Salt

A salt, in chemistry, is defined as the product formed from the neutralisation reaction of acids and base . Salts are ionic compounds composed of cations and anions so that the product is electrically electric charge ....
. In some recipes the dough for kalduny is mixed with onion

Onion

Onion is a term used for many plants in the genus Allium. They are known by the common name "onion" but, used without qualifiers, it usually refers to Allium cepa....
juice, not water. Kalduny dough should be soft but elastic, easy to stretch and to seal into a pocket around a dollop of filling. Like other pastry doughs it has to be allowed to rest, covered with a dish towel or a cloth so as not to dry out. Kalduny are usually boiled in a big shallow casserole at low heat, in well-salted water. Instead of boiling in water, kalduny may be boiled directly in a soup, in which they are then served. Some varieties are baked or fried. Kalduny Polesie style, with a stuffing of boiled river fish and hard-boiled eggs, are fried. A variety known in Russian cuisine

Russian cuisine

Russian cuisine derives its rich and varied character from the vast and multicultural expanse of Russia. Its foundations were laid by the peasant food of the rural population in an often harsh climate, with a combination of plentiful fish, poultry, game , mushrooms, Berry, and honey....
as kundumy is never boiled: the mushroom-filled dumplings are baked in a crock pot in the oven or fried.

Kalduny may be served as a main course

Main course

A main course is the featured or primary dish in a meal consisting of several courses. In North American English, the main course can also be called the entr?e; however, in some menus the main course follows the entr?e, or entry, course, and the salad course....
or a dessert

Dessert

Dessert is a course that typically comes at the end of a meal, usually consisting of sweet food but sometimes of a strongly-flavored one, such as some cheeses....
, depending on the stuffing. For the former, meat, mushrooms, farmer cheese

Farmer cheese

Farmer cheese is a simple cheese often used for fillings in blintzes and other foods. Farmer cheese is made by pressing most of the moisture from cottage cheese; pressed drier still, it is sometimes rolled in a mixture of herbs and flavorings, or wrapped in very thin slices of flavorful smoked meats....
, or fish

Fish

A fish is any marine biology vertebrate animal that is typically ectothermic , covered with scale , and equipped with two sets of paired fins and several unpaired fins....
is used; for the latter, fresh berries or sometimes dried fruit

Dried fruit

Dried fruitis fruit that has been drying , either naturally or through use of a machine, such as a food dehydrator. Raisins, prunes, and Date palm are examples of popular dried fruits....
s may be used. The sauce or topping for kalduny also depends on the stuffing. Kalduny with Vilnius stuffing (mushrooms and smoked pork

Pork

Pork is the culinary name for meat from the domestic pig . The word, pork, is often meant to denote specifically the fresh meat of the pig, but it can be used as an all-inclusive term, to include cured, smoked, or processed meats It is one of the most-commonly consumed meats worldwide, with evidence of pig animal husbandry dating back...
, as in Kalduny Count Tyshkevich) are topped with melted butter, while the Russian stuffing (farmer cheese or mashed potatoes) requires thick sour cream. Dessert kalduny are powdered with cinnamon

Cinnamon

Cinnamon is a small evergreen tree 10?15 metres tall, belonging to the family Lauraceae, and is native to Sri Lanka.The leaf are ovate-oblong in shape, 7?18 cm long....
or topped with fruit syrup

Fruit syrup

Fruit syrup as a food ingredient is usually a concentrated juice from a less-expensive fruit used to sweeten and extend the quantity of more expensive products, e.g. "'all-fruit' strawberry spread."...
s. Kalduny are often served in a soup

Soup

Soup is a food that is made by combining ingredients such as meat and vegetables in Stock or hot/boiling water, until the flavor is extracted, forming a broth....
(beef broth

Broth

Broth is a liquid in which bones, meat, fish, cereal grains, or vegetables have been simmering. Broth is used as a basis for other edible liquids such as soup, gravy, or sauce....
or borsht), similarly to Jewish

Jewish cuisine

Kreplach

Kreplach are small dumplings filled with ground meat, mashed potatoes or another filling, usually boiled and served in chicken soup. They are similar to Italian ravioli and Chinese wontons....
. The numerous combinations of dough, stuffing, and sauce provide a great potential for variation.

Large kalduny (manti) are prepared for the major Muslim feasts

Muslim holidays

Muslim holidays: Islam has two main holidays, Eid Al-Fitr and Eid Al-Adha. The way that holidays are recognized can vary across cultures, as well as across sects of Islam, Sunni and Shia....
, which are celebrated by the Tatar

Tatars

Tatars , sometimes spelled Tartars, refers to a Turkic people ethnic group mainly inhabiting Russia, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Kyrgyzstan, Bulgaria, Romania, Lithuania, and Poland....
population that has lived continuously in Belarus since the end of the 14th century. This variety of kalduny are made with spiced mutton or veal

Veal

Veal is the meat of calves . Though veal can be produced from any calf, most veal comes from male calves of dairy cattle breeds. Compared to other meats, veal has a delicate taste and tender texture....
stuffing and are eaten by spoon so that the dough

Dough

Varieties of kalduny

Kalduny come with a variety of either savory or sweet fillings.

Savory:

Meat (ground or chopped)
Mushrooms (fresh or dried)
Mushrooms and smoked pork, mixed in equal proportions (Vilnius stuffing, Kalduny Count Tyshkevich)
White rice and hard-boiled eggs
Sauteed sauerkraut
Sauerkraut

File:Kiszona kapusta.JPGSauerkraut is finely shredded cabbage that has been fermentation by various lactic acid bacteria, including Leuconostoc, Lactobacillus, and Pediococcus....
with mushrooms
Fish (sweet-water fish, such as pike
Pike

Pike may refer to:...
or pike-perch, boned and chopped, mixed with hard-boiled or fried eggs)

Sweet:

Bilberry
Bilberry

Bilberry is a name given to several species of low-growing shrubs in the genus Vaccinium that bears false berrys. The species most often referred to is Vaccinium myrtillus L., otherwise known as the European blueberry....
(whole)
Cherry
Cherry

The word cherry refers to a fleshy fruit that contains a single stony seed. The cherry belongs to the family Rosaceae, genus Prunus, along with almonds, peaches, plums, apricots and bird cherry ....
(stoned)

External links

.
.
.
Szymanderska H. Encyclopedia polskiej sztuki kulinarnej. RRA, Warszawa, 2003.
Barbara Holub. Przy wilenskim stole. Warszawa, Ksiazka i Wiedza, 1992.

Kalduny

Description

Varieties of kalduny

See also

External links