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Malus

Malus

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	"Wild apple" redirects here. In Australia, this may refer to the unrelated Pouteria eerwah. *Malus, the apples, is a genus of about 30–35 species of small deciduous Deciduous Deciduous* means falling off at maturity or tending to fall off and is typically used in reference to trees or shrubs that lose their leaves seasonally and to the shedding of other plant structures such as petals after flowering or fruit when ripe.... tree TREE TREE was a Boston hardcore punk band formed in the summer of 1990. They were active in the Boston music scene until disbanding in 2002.... s or shrub Shrub A shrub or bush is a horticulture rather than strictly Botany category of woody plant, distinguished from a tree by its multiple stems and lower height, usually less than 5-6 m tall.... s in the family Rosaceae Rosaceae The Rosaceae or rose family is a large family of plants, with about 3,000-4,000 species in 100-160 genera. Traditionally it has been divided into four subfamilies: Rosoideae, Spiraeoideae, Maloideae, and Amygdaloideae.... . Other studies go as far as 55 species including the domesticated Orchard Apple APPLE This article is about the satellite APPLE. For the fruit apple, see Apple. For other uses see Apple .The Ariane Passenger PayLoad Experiment , was an experimental communication satellite with a C-Band transponder launched by Indian Space Research Organisation satellite on June 19, 1981 by Ariane 1, a launch vehicle of the European Spac... , or Table apple as it was formerly called (M. domestica, derived from M. sieversii, syn. M. pumila). The other species and subspecies are generally known as "wild apples", "crab apples", "crabapples" or "crabs". The genus is native to the temperate Temperate In geography, temperate or tepid latitudes of the globe lie between the tropics and the polar circles. The changes in these regions between summer and winter are generally mild, rather than extreme hot or cold.... zone of the Northern Hemisphere Northern Hemisphere The Northern Hemisphere is the half of a planet that is north of the equator?the word sphere literally means 'half sphere'. It is also that half of the celestial sphere north of the celestial equator.... , in Europe Europe Europe is, conventionally, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally divided from Asia to its east by the water divide of the Ural Mountains, the Ural , the Caspian Sea, and by the Caucasus Mountains to the southeast.... , Asia Asia Asia is the world's largest and most populous continent. It covers 8.6% of the Earth's total surface area and, with over 4 billion people, it contains more than 60% of the world's current human population.... and North America North America North America is the northern continent of the Americas, situated in the Earth's northern hemisphere and almost totally in the western hemisphere.... . Apple trees are small, typically 4–12 m tall at maturity, with a dense, twiggy crown. The leaves Leaf In botany, a leaf is an above-ground plant Organ specialized for photosynthesis. For this purpose, a leaf is typically flat and thin, to expose the cells containing chloroplast to light over a broad area, and to allow light to penetrate fully into the tissues.... are 3–10 cm long, alternate, simple, with a serrated margin. The flower Flower A flower, sometimes known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproduction structure found in flowering plants . The biological function of a flower is to mediate the union of male sperm with female ovum in order to produce seeds.... s are borne in corymbs, and have five petal Petal A petal is one member or part of the Corolla of a flower. The corolla is the name for all of the petals of a flower; the inner perianth whorl, term used when this is not the same in appearance as the outermost whorl and is used to attract pollinators based on its advertising coloration.... s, which may be white, pink or red, and are perfect Plant sexuality Plant sexuality covers the wide variety of sexual reproduction systems found across the plant kingdom. This article describes Morphology aspects of sexual reproduction of plants.... , with usually red stamens that produce copious pollen Pollen Pollen is a fine to coarse powder consisting of *Gametophyte* , which produce the male gametes of spermatophyta. A hard coat covering the pollen grain protects the sperm cells during the process of their movement between the stamens of the flower to the pistil of the next flower.... , and an inferior ovary; flowering occurs in the spring after 50–80 growing degree day Growing degree day Growing degree days are a heuristic tool in phenology. GDD are used by horticulture and gardeners to predict the date that a flower will bloom or a crop reach maturity.... s (varying greatly according to subspecies and cultivar). Apples require cross-pollination between individuals by insect Insect Insects are the biggest class of arthropods and the only ones with wings. They are the most diverse group of animals on the planet. They are most diverse at the equator and their diversity declines toward the poles.... s (typically bee Bee Bees are flying insects closely related to wasps and ants. Bees are a monophyly lineage within the superfamily Apoidea, presently classified by the unranked taxon name Anthophila.... s, which freely visit the flowers for both nectar and pollen Pollen Pollen is a fine to coarse powder consisting of *Gametophyte* , which produce the male gametes of spermatophyta. A hard coat covering the pollen grain protects the sperm cells during the process of their movement between the stamens of the flower to the pistil of the next flower.... ); all are self-sterile, and (with the exception of a few specially developed cultivars) self-pollination is impossible, making pollinating insects essential. The honeybee and mason bee Mason bee Mason bee is a general term for certain species of bees in the family Megachilidae, most appropriately restricted to the genus Osmia, such as the orchard mason bee , the blueberry bee , and the hornfaced bee .... are the most effective insect pollinators of apples. Malus species, including domestic apples, hybridize freely. Malus species are used as food plants by the larva Larva A larva is a young form of animal with indirect developmental biology, going through or undergoing metamorphosis .The larva can look completely different from the adult form, for example, a caterpillar differs from a butterfly.... e of a large number of Lepidoptera Lepidoptera Lepidoptera is an order of insect that includes moths and butterfly. It is one of the most speciose orders in the class Insecta, encompassing moths and the three superfamilies of butterfly, skipper , and Hedylidae.... species; see list of Lepidoptera that feed on Malus. The fruit Fruit The term fruit has different meanings dependent on context, and the term is not synonymous in food preparation and biology. In botany, which is the scientific study of plants, fruits are the ripened Ovary of flowering plants.... is a globose pome Pome In botany, a pome is a type of fruit produced by flowering plants in the subfamily Maloideae of the family Rosaceae.A pome is an accessory fruit composed of five or more carpels in which the exocarp forms an inconspicuous layer.... , varying in size from 1–4 cm diameter in most of the wild species, to 6 cm in M. sylvestris sieversii, 8 cm in M. sylvestris domestica, and even larger in certain cultivated orchard apples; among the largest-fruited cultivars (all of which originate in North America) are 'Wolf River' and 'Stark Jumbo' . The centre of the fruit contains five carpels arranged star-like, each containing one to two (rarely three) seed Seed A seed is a small Plant embryogenesis plant enclosed in a covering called the seed coat, usually with some Food storage. It is the product of the ripened ovule of gymnosperm and angiosperm plants which occurs after fertilization and some growth within the mother plant.... s. One species, Malus trilobata from southwest Asia Asia Asia is the world's largest and most populous continent. It covers 8.6% of the Earth's total surface area and, with over 4 billion people, it contains more than 60% of the world's current human population.... , has three- to seven-lobed leaves (superficially resembling a maple Maple *Acer* is a genus of trees or shrubs commonly known as Maple. Maples are variously classified in a family of their own, the Aceraceae, or included in the family Sapindaceae.... leaf) and with several structural differences in the fruit; it is often treated in a genus of its own, as Eriolobus trilobatus. Uses For Malus sylvestris domestica, see Apple APPLE This article is about the satellite APPLE. For the fruit apple, see Apple. For other uses see Apple .The Ariane Passenger PayLoad Experiment , was an experimental communication satellite with a C-Band transponder launched by Indian Space Research Organisation satellite on June 19, 1981 by Ariane 1, a launch vehicle of the European Spac... . The fruit of the other species is not an important crop in most areas, being extremely sour and (in some species) woody, and is rarely eaten raw for this reason. However, crabapples are an excellent source of pectin Pectin Pectin is a structural heteropolysaccharide contained in the primary cell walls of terrestrial plants. It was first isolated and described in 1825 by Henri Braconnot.... , and their juice can be made into a ruby-coloured jelly with a full, spicy flavour. A small percentage of crab apples in cider Cider Cider is an alcoholic beverage usually made from the fermentation juice of apples, although pears are also used.While any variety of apple may be used, certain cultivars are preferred in some regions, and these may be known as cider apples.... makes a more interesting flavour. As Old English Wergulu, the crab apple is one of the nine plants invoked in the pagan Anglo-Saxon Nine Herbs Charm Nine Herbs Charm The *Nine Herbs Charm* is an Anglo-Saxon literature recorded in the 10th century Lacnunga manuscript. The charm is intended for treatment of poison and infection through the preparation of nine herbs.... , recorded in the 10th century. Crabapples are widely grown as ornamental trees, grown for their beautiful flowers or fruit, with numerous cultivar Cultivar A cultivar is a cultivated plant that has been selected and given a unique name because of its decorative or useful characteristics; it is usually distinct from similar plants and when Plant propagation it retains those characteristics.... s selected for these qualities and for resistance to disease. Some crab apples are used as rootstocks for domestic apples to add beneficial characteristics. For example, varieties of Baccata, also called Siberian crab, rootstock is used to give additional cold hardiness to the combined plant for orchards in cold northern areas They are also used as pollinizers in apple orchard Orchard An orchard is an intentional planting of trees or shrubs maintained for food agriculture. Orchards comprise fruit tree or nut -producing trees grown for commercial production.... s. Varieties of crab apple are selected to bloom contemporaneously with the apple variety in an orchard planting, and the crabs are planted every sixth or seventh tree, or limbs of a crab tree are grafted onto some of the apple trees. In emergencies, a bucket or drum bouquet of crab apple flowering branches are placed near the beehives as orchard pollenizers. See also Fruit tree pollination Fruit tree pollination AppleMost Apples are self incompatible and must be cross pollination. A few are described as "self-fertile" and are capable of self-pollination although they tend to carry larger crops when pollinated.... . Because of the plentiful blossoms and small sized fruit, crab apples are popular for use in bonsai Bonsai Bonsai 'Bonsai' is a Japanese pronunciation of the earlier Chinese term penzai . The word bonsai is used in the West as an umbrella term for all miniature trees in containers or pots.... culture. Because the trees are small due to the requirements of the hobby, but still show the abundant fruit bearing of full sized crab apples, it is important to thin out fruit so that trees do not exhaust themselves. Apple wood "makes a wonderfully luxurious firewood with a lovely scent, and smoke from an apple wood fire gives a most excellent flavour to smoked foods," including Applewood cheese Applewood cheese Applewood cheese, or applewood smoked cheddar cheese, is a round, white cheddar that is smoked with applewood and hand-rubbed with paprika. Applewood cheddar cheese is originated from the United Kingdom, though it is produced in other countries such as Canada and the United States.... .