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The Kickapoos (Kickapoo: Kiikaapoa or Kiikaapoi) are one of the Algonquian
Algonquian peoples

The Algonquian are one of the most populous and widespread North American Indigenous peoples of the Americas groups, with tribes originally numbering in the hundreds, and hundreds of thousands who still identify with various Algonquian peoples....
 speaking Native American
Native Americans in the United States

Native Americans in the United States are the Indigenous peoples of the Americas from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States United States, including parts of Alaska and the island state of Hawaii....
 tribe
Tribe

A tribe, viewed historically or developmentally, consists of a social group existing before the development of, or outside of, states.Many anthropologists use the term to refer to societies organized largely on the basis of kinship, especially corporate descent groups ....
s. According to the Anishinaabe
Anishinaabe

Anishinaabe or more properly Anishinaabeg or Anishinabek is a self-description often used by the Ottawa , Ojibwa, and Algonquin peoples, who all speak closely-related Anishinaabemowin/Anishinaabe languages....
g, the name "Kickapoo" (Giiwigaabaw in the Anishinaabe language
Ojibwe language

Ojibwe is an Indigenous language of the Algonquian languages linguistic family. Ojibwe is characterized by a series of Dialect that have local names and frequently local Writing system....
 and its Kickapoo cognate Kiwikapawa) means "Stands Here and there" and refers to the tribes migratory patterns. This interpretation is contested and generally believed to be a folk etymology.

There are three recognized Kickapoo tribes remaining in the United States
United States

The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
: Kickapoo Tribe of Indians of the Kickapoo Reservation in Kansas
Kansas

The State of Kansas is a Midwestern U.S. state in the Central United States of the United States of America, an area often referred to as the United States "Heartland"....
, the Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma
Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma

The Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma is one of three Federally recognized tribes Kickapoo tribes in the United States. There are also Kickapoo tribes in Kansas, Texas, and Mexico....
, and the Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas
Texas

Texas is a U.S. state located in the South Central United States, nicknamed the Lone Star State. Texas is the second largest U.S. state in both area and population, spanning , and with a growing population of 24.3 million residents....
.






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The Kickapoos (Kickapoo: Kiikaapoa or Kiikaapoi) are one of the Algonquian
Algonquian peoples

The Algonquian are one of the most populous and widespread North American Indigenous peoples of the Americas groups, with tribes originally numbering in the hundreds, and hundreds of thousands who still identify with various Algonquian peoples....
 speaking Native American
Native Americans in the United States

Native Americans in the United States are the Indigenous peoples of the Americas from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States United States, including parts of Alaska and the island state of Hawaii....
 tribe
Tribe

A tribe, viewed historically or developmentally, consists of a social group existing before the development of, or outside of, states.Many anthropologists use the term to refer to societies organized largely on the basis of kinship, especially corporate descent groups ....
s. According to the Anishinaabe
Anishinaabe

Anishinaabe or more properly Anishinaabeg or Anishinabek is a self-description often used by the Ottawa , Ojibwa, and Algonquin peoples, who all speak closely-related Anishinaabemowin/Anishinaabe languages....
g, the name "Kickapoo" (Giiwigaabaw in the Anishinaabe language
Ojibwe language

Ojibwe is an Indigenous language of the Algonquian languages linguistic family. Ojibwe is characterized by a series of Dialect that have local names and frequently local Writing system....
 and its Kickapoo cognate Kiwikapawa) means "Stands Here and there" and refers to the tribes migratory patterns. This interpretation is contested and generally believed to be a folk etymology.

There are three recognized Kickapoo tribes remaining in the United States
United States

The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
: Kickapoo Tribe of Indians of the Kickapoo Reservation in Kansas
Kansas

The State of Kansas is a Midwestern U.S. state in the Central United States of the United States of America, an area often referred to as the United States "Heartland"....
, the Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma
Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma

The Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma is one of three Federally recognized tribes Kickapoo tribes in the United States. There are also Kickapoo tribes in Kansas, Texas, and Mexico....
, and the Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas
Texas

Texas is a U.S. state located in the South Central United States, nicknamed the Lone Star State. Texas is the second largest U.S. state in both area and population, spanning , and with a growing population of 24.3 million residents....
. There is another band in the Mexican
Mexico

The United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federalism constitutionalism republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of Mexico....
 state of Coahuila
Coahuila

Coahuila, formally Coahuila de Zaragoza is one of Mexico's 31 component States of Mexico. It is located in the north of the country.To the north, Coahuila accounts for a stretch of the U.S....
. There is also a large group in Arizona
Arizona

The State of Arizona is a U.S. state located in the Southwestern United States of the United States. The capital and largest city is Phoenix, Arizona....
. Thus far the former two groups have been politically lumped with the Texas band. Additionally, Kickapoos live in small groups throughout the western United States. Around 3,000 people claim to be tribal members.

Language

Kickapoo speak an Algonquian language closely related to that of the Sauk and Fox
Fox language

Fox is an Algonquian languages Indigenous languages of the Americas language, spoken by around 1000 Fox , Sauk, and Kickapoo in various locations in the Midwest and in northern Mexico....
.

Kickapoo tribes and communities

There are three Kickapoo federally recognized in the United States, with one in Kansas, one in Texas, and the other in Oklahoma.

Kickapoo Indian Reservation of Kansas

The Kickapoo Indian Reservation is located in the northeastern part of the state in parts of three counties, Jackson
Jackson County, Kansas

Jackson County is a U.S. county located in Northeast Kansas, in the Central United States United States. The population was estimated to be 13,500 in the year 2006....
, Brown
Brown County, Kansas

Brown County is a U.S. county located in Northeast Kansas, in the Central United States United States. The population was 10,724 at the United States Census, 2000, and it was estimated to be in the year ....
, and Atchison
Atchison County, Kansas

Atchison County is a U.S. county located in Northeast Kansas, in the Central United States United States. The population was estimated to be in the year ....
. It has a land area of 612.203 kmē (236.373 sq mi) and a resident population of 4,419 as of the 2000 census
United States Census, 2000

File:US-Census-2000Logo.svgThe Twenty-Second United States Census, known as Census 2000 and conducted by the United States Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States on April 1, 2000, to be 281,421,906, an increase of 13.2% over the 248,709,873 persons Enumeration during the United States Census, 1990....
. The largest community on the reservation is the city of Horton
Horton, Kansas

Horton is a city in Brown County, Kansas, Kansas, United States. The population was 1,967 at the United States Census, 2000....
. The other communities are:

  • Muscotah
    Muscotah, Kansas

    Muscotah is a city in Atchison County, Kansas, Kansas, United States. The population was 200 at the 2000 United States Census....
  • Netawaka
    Netawaka, Kansas

    Netawaka is a city in Jackson County, Kansas, Kansas, United States. The population was 170 at the 2000 United States Census....
     (most of the city, with all of the population)
  • Powhattan
    Powhattan, Kansas

    Powhattan is a city in Brown County, Kansas, Kansas, United States. The population was 91 at the 2000 United States Census. The city was named for the father of Pocahontas and was originally a stagecoach station named Locknane....
  • Whiting
    Whiting, Kansas

    Whiting is a city in Jackson County, Kansas, Kansas, United States. The population was 206 at the 2000 United States Census. It is part of the Topeka, Kansas Topeka metropolitan area....
  • Willis
    Willis, Kansas

    Willis is a city in Brown County, Kansas, Kansas, United States. The population was 69 at the 2000 United States Census....


Kickapoo Indian Reservation of Texas

The Kickapoo Indian Reservation of Texas is located on the Rio Grande River
Rio Grande

For the railroad often known as the Rio Grande, see Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad.The Rio Grande River in the United States, known as the R?o Bravo in Mexico, is a river, long, is the fourth longest river system in the United States and serves as a natural boundary along the border between the U.S....
 on the U.S.-Mexico border in western Maverick County
Maverick County, Texas

Maverick County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2000, its population was 47,297. Its county seat is Eagle Pass, Texas. Maverick County is named for Samuel Maverick, cattleman and state legislator....
, just south of the city of Eagle Pass
Eagle Pass, Texas

Eagle Pass is a city in and the county seat of Maverick County, Texas, Texas, United States. The population was 22,413 at the 2000 United States Census....
, as part of the community of Rosita South
Rosita South, Texas

Rosita South is a census-designated place in Maverick County, Texas, Texas, United States. The population was 2,574 at the 2000 United States Census....
. It has a land area of 0.4799 kmē (118.6 acres) and a 2000 census population of 420 persons. The Texas Indian Commission officially recognized the tribe in 1977.

There are undetermined numbers of other Kickapoo in Maverick County, Texas, who constitute the South Texas Subgroup of the Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma. That tribe owns of non-reservation land in Maverick County, primarily to the north of Eagle Pass, and it has an office in that city.

Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma

Kickapoo Wickiup
After being expelled from the Republic of Texas
Republic of Texas

The Republic of Texas was a sovereignty nation in North America between the United States and Mexico that existed from 1836 to 1846.Formed as a break-away republic from Mexico by the Texas Revolution, the nation claimed borders that encompassed an area that included all of the present U.S....
, many Kickapoo moved south to Mexico
Mexico

The United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federalism constitutionalism republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of Mexico....
, but two villages settled in Indian Territory
Indian Territory

The Indian Territory, also known as The Indian Country, The Indian territory or the Indian territories, was land set aside within the United States for the use of Native Americans in the United States....
. One village settled within the Chickasaw Nation
Chickasaw Nation

The Chickasaw Nation is a Native Americans in the United States nation that was part one of the Five Civilized Tribes in the United States. The Five Civilized Tribes were differentiated from other Indian reservations in that they had semi-autonomous constitutional governments and delegates in the U.S....
 and the other within the Muscogee Creek Nation. These Kickapoo were granted their own their own reservation in 1883. The reservation was short-lived, because in 1893 their tribal lands were broken up by the Dawes Act
Dawes Act

The Dawes Act was enacted on February 8, 1887 regarding the distribution of land to Native Americans in the United Statess in Oklahoma. Named after its sponsor, U.S....
 and the tribe's government was dismantled by the Curtis Act of 1898
Curtis Act of 1898

The Curtis Act of 1898 was an amendment to the Unites States Dawes Act that brought about the allotment process of lands of the Five Civilized Tribes of Oklahoma: the Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek people, Cherokee, and Seminole....
. In 1936, the tribe organized as the Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma, under the Oklahoma Indian Welfare Act
Oklahoma Indian Welfare Act

The Oklahoma Indian Welfare Act of 1936, also known as the Thomas-Rogers Act, is a United States federal law that extended the US Indian Reorganization Act of 1934....
.

Today the Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma
Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma

The Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma is one of three Federally recognized tribes Kickapoo tribes in the United States. There are also Kickapoo tribes in Kansas, Texas, and Mexico....
 is headquartered in McLoud, Oklahoma
McLoud, Oklahoma

McLoud is a town in Pottawatomie County, Oklahoma, Oklahoma, United States, and is part of the Oklahoma City, Oklahoma Consolidated Metropolitan Area....
, and their tribal jurisdictional area is in Oklahoma
Oklahoma County, Oklahoma

Oklahoma County is a county located in the Central Oklahoma partof the U.S. state of Oklahoma. The population was 660,448 at the United States Census, 2000, and in 2007, the population was 701,807....
, Pottawatomie
Pottawatomie County, Oklahoma

Pottawatomie County is a county located in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. The population was 65,521 as of the United States Census, 2000. Its county seat is Shawnee, Oklahoma....
, and Lincoln Counties
Lincoln County, Oklahoma

Lincoln County is a county located in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. The population was 32,080 at the United States Census, 2000. The county is considered part of the Oklahoma City Oklahoma City metropolitan area....
. They have 2,719 enrolled tribal members.

External links

  • United States Census Bureau