Joel Hayward
Encyclopedia
Joel S.A. Hayward is a New Zealand
-born "noted scholar of war and strategy" who has worked in the United Kingdom
since 2004.
He is best known for his published books and articles on military matters, including the use of air power, his 2003 biography of Horatio Lord Nelson
, and his writing and teaching on the Quranic (Islamic) concepts of war. He was known earlier in his career for a controversy in 2000 over his 1991 M.A. thesis on the historiography
of Holocaust denial in which it was charged that the thesis had denied the Holocaust
, something he denied. Hayward is Head of Air Power Studies at King's College London
and, as of 1 April 2007, is Dean
of the Royal Air Force College, Cranwell. In August 2007 the Royal Air Force
appointed him a Director of the Royal Air Force Centre for Air Power Studies
. He is a Professor of Strategy at the Indonesian Defense University and he holds fellow
ships from the United States Air Force
and the Federal Government of Germany.
, New Zealand
to John and Lorraine Hayward and given the name Stuart Andrew Hayward.
In 1986, he married Kathleen Michie at St. Kentigerns Presbyterian Church in the Christchurch suburb of New Brighton
. In 1989, Hayward changed his first name to Joel, following what he would later explain was a "choice to go through life with a first name that has deep spiritual significance for me."
Hayward developed an interest in Jewish history
and the Hebrew language
as a result of his maternal grandmother's Jewishness. He gained a strong reading ability in Hebrew and made trips to Israel
and was a member of a national organization with both Jewish and Christian membership, The New Zealand Friends of Israel, Inc.
in Christchurch to pursue a Bachelor of Arts degree, which he received on 8 May 1991 with papers taken primarily in the Departments of History and Classics.
In 1989, while pursuing his undergraduate studies, Hayward took part in founding an association called Opposition to Anti-Semitism Inc.(OAS), which he headed until 1991, when he left the group. He later stated he left the group due to a personality clash with another member; in a biographical note to an article he published in January 1992 in an Australian Jewish publication in January 1992, he said he left the organization due to pressure of work. While with OAS, Hayward published several articles on anti-Semitism and became interested in the historiography
of Holocaust denial
.
program at University of Canterbury. He first considered a thesis
topic in Ancient History, but was informed by faculty in the Classics Department that he would need to study another year of Greek
and Latin first. After consultation with Dr. Vincent Orange, a Reader (equivalent to Associate Professor) in the History Department who became his thesis supervisor, Hayward settled on the topic of the historiography of Holocaust denial
. Hayward later stated that this topic combined three of his great interests: World War II
, the German language
, and Jewish history
. Besides his thesis, Hayward was also required for the M.A. degree to complete four honours papers, which he wrote during 1992. The four honours grades together constituted fully half of Hayward's master's program. All four papers underwent examination both internally and externally before their grades (an A-, two As, and an A+) were confirmed.
The bulk of Hayward's thesis was written in 1991, prior to his four honours papers, with the conclusion written in early 1993. Entitled The Fate of Jews in German hands: An Historical Enquiry into the Development and Significance of Holocaust Revisionism, the thesis underwent examination by internal examiner Dr. Vincent Orange of University of Canterbury's History Department and external examiner Professor John Jensen of Waikato University before its grade of A+ was confirmed by Professor W. David McIntyre, also of University of Canterbury's History Department.
Hayward's M.A. in History with First Class Honours was conferred on 7 May 1993. Hayward's thesis was judged the best history thesis of his year and it won him the Sir James Hight Memorial Prize, awarded for "excellence", and the honour of wearing the Philip Ross May Gown at the graduation ceremony.
as a dissertion topic, apparently at Irving's suggestion, but instead embarked on a study of German air operations during World War II
. In 1994, the U.S. Air Force
Historical Research Agency, located within the Air University at Maxwell Air Force Base
, Alabama
, awarded him a research scholarship to conduct research for his dissertation in its archives; he subsequently received a research fellowship from the Federal Government of Germany which enabled him to conduct doctoral research in the German Military Archives in Freiburg
, Germany.
Hayward was awarded a Ph.D. in 1996. His thesis, Seeking the Philosopher's Stone: Luftwaffe Operations during Hitler's Drive to the East, 1942–1943 became the basis for his first book, Stopped at Stalingrad: The Luftwaffe and Hitler’s Defeat in the East 1942-1943.
, which was published in 1998.
(Palmerston North Campus) as a Lecturer in Defence and Strategic Studies, receiving promotion to Senior Lecturer in August 1999. He specialized in the theoretical and conceptual aspects of modern warfare, airpower, joint doctrines, and manoeuvre warfare. He continued in that position until June 2002.
While at Massey, Hayward in 1999 was organizer of New Zealand's largest defence conference, held 21–22 August at Massey University's Turitea campus. The conference, entitled "Coalitions and Conflict — The Transition of Warfare 1899 to 1999 and Beyond," focused on coalition warfare and was jointly hosted by Massey University and the New Zealand Army's Military Studies Institute. Hayward was conference convenor of Massey's third annual defence conference in August 2000, again co-hosted by the New Zealand Army, with discussion focusing on the trend towards integrating the three armed services (army, air force, and navy) under unified command. Hayward also acted as editor of the conference proceedings, which took its title from the conference's theme, Joint Future? The Move to Jointness and Its Implications for the New Zealand Defence Force.
From 1997 to 2004 he was also lecturer at the Officer Cadet School of the New Zealand Army
, where he taught general military history from Alexander the Great to the Balkan War, and at the Command and Staff College of the Royal New Zealand Air Force
, where he taught airpower history and doctrine and supervised advanced research in military history. During the same period he also taught strategic thought at the Royal New Zealand Naval College. He also wrote academic articles for general military and military history publications.
since 2004, first teaching strategy and operational art at the Joint Services Command and Staff College
. In November 2005 he became the head of the newly created Air Power Studies Division, a specialist unit of thirteen Defence Study academics established by the Royal Air Force
and King's College London
at the Royal Air Force College, Cranwell. Hayward was appointed Dean of the RAF College, Cranwell in April 2007. He is a Director of the Royal Air Force Centre for Air Power Studies
, the Air Force's national thinktank. He is also a member of the CAS Air Power Workshop
, a small and highly select working group of scholars and other theorists convened by the Chief of Air Staff (the head of the Royal Air Force.)
He holds fellow
ships from the United States Air Force
and the Federal Government of Germany. He is a member of the editorial advisory boards of the academic journals, Air Power Review and World War II Quarterly. Hayward now focuses mainly on ethical aspects of air power. He teaches on air power concepts at various staff colleges and universities throughout Europe and in 2007 taught a course on "Air Power and Ethics" in Trondheim, Norway, to the Norwegian Air Force On 13 May 2009 he was a keynote speaker at the 2009 Air Power Asia conference in Singapore, where he spoke on "Air Power And Ecology: Destruction Of Enemies But Not The Environment". He convened an international academic conference on that subject—the environmental impact of modern air warfare—in August 2009. In October 2010 he spoke at the Global Peace and Unity
(GPU) conference on the subject: "War & Ethics: The Compatibility of 'Western' and Islamic Thought", a subject (Qur'anic military ethics) he also published on during 2010.
An anti-radical Muslim himself (who teaches at anti-extremism workshops), Hayward supports the British armed forces and is a member of the UK Armed Forces Muslim Association. This has not prevented him from being called the "Ayatollah of the RAF" by an anonymous source cited by the Daily Mail. In an article critical of some ostensible Muslim anger seen online, Hayward describes himself as “a moderate and politically liberal revert who chose to embrace the faith of Islam because of its powerful spiritual truths, its emphasis on peace and justice, its racial and ethnic inclusiveness and its charitable spirit towards the poor and needy.” In 2010, he wrote the Introduction to Shaykh-ul-Islam Muhammad Tahir-ul-Qadri
's Fatwa on Terrorism and Suicide Bombings (London: Minhaj-ul-Quran International). Hayward, who sharply criticizes all Islamic terrorism in the fatwa's introduction, shares Tahir-ul-Qadri
's scholarly assessment "that regardless of any motives, terrorism can never be supported and is in fact condemned by the Holy Quran and the Sunnah." In 2011 Qadri appointed Hayward to a senior role as his (and Minhaj-ul-Quran
's) Strategic Policy Advisor. Hayward also formally signed the London Declaration, a Muslim public statement issued under the auspices of Minhaj-ul-Quran
which unequivocally condemns all extremism and terrorism, ”because at the heart of all religions is a belief in the sanctity of the lives of the innocent.” The Declaration adds: “The indiscriminate nature of terrorism, which has in recent years killed far more civilians and other non-combatants than it has combatants, is un-Islamic, un-Judaic, un-Christian and it is indeed incompatible with the true teachings of all faiths.” The London Declaration also “unequivocally condemn[s] anti-Semitism (including when sometimes it is disingenuously clothed as anti-Zionism), Islamophobia (including when it is sometimes disingenuously dressed up as patriotism) and all other forms of racism and xenophobia.”
. OAS stated that Hayward had argued that Hitler did not personally plan the Holocaust and that the "final solution" was a very brutal policy of "forced expulsion". Their intervention was rejected by the university which went on to assess the M.A. thesis and consider it worthy of the highest grade. Dr. Orange, who both supervised and assessed the dissertation, summarised its conclusion in the words "Hayward’s thesis is that the Nazis did not attempt the systematic extermination of Jews during the Second World War. In particular, he finds the evidence that gas chambers were built and used for this purpose unconvincing."
The dissertation was made unavailable for public study until 1999. When it became available, it ignited controversy. Hayward was again accused of Holocaust denial. In 2000, at the request of the New Zealand Jewish Council, the University of Canterbury convened a "Working Party" which issued a report admonishing the university for inadequately supervising Hayward's work. The report found that Hayward's thesis was "seriously flawed" but did not "establish dishonesty" on his part. Subsequent to the issuance of the Working Party's report, the university apologized to the New Zealand Jewish community, as Hayward also had earlier in the year. Hayward has always repudiated his thesis, saying its errors were the result of inadequate scholarly preparation for such a complex topic, but Holocaust deniers initially continued to cite the thesis as evidence of academic support for their positions. In 2000, Holocaust denier David Irving
praised Hayward's work as a "landmark in the turning of the tide in the favour of historical revisionism".
Despite any earlier issues, Hayward clearly upholds the sound and accepted scholarly assessment of the Holocaust. In 2010 he described it as “one of history’s vilest crimes … involving the organised murder of millions of Jews” and in 2011 he similarly wrote: “The Holocaust of the Jews in the Second World War, one of history’s vilest crimes, involved the organised murder of six million Jews by Germans and others who considered themselves Christians or at least members of the Christian value system.”
published in both English and Spanish. and "The Qur’an and War: Observations on Islamic Just War", published in the official RAF academic journal, Air Power Review, Vol. 13, No. 3, Autumn/Winter 2010, pp. 41–63.
Hayward is the author of five books of military history, including Stopped at Stalingrad: The Luftwaffe and Hitler’s Defeat in the East 1942-1943
(1998 and subsequent editions). An assessment of aerial warfare
at the Battle of Stalingrad
, Stopped at Stalingrad was favorably reviewed in the Times Literary Supplement and the journal War in History Hayward's biography of naval commander Horatio Lord Nelson
, For God and Glory: Lord Nelson and His Way of War (2003), likewise received positive notices, with one reviewer recommending it as "a fresh and original contribution" on Lord Nelson that could also serve as a reference companion for viewers of the film "Master and Commander"
based on the Patrick O'Brian
novels set during the "Age of Nelson."
A work-in-progress, A "Bomb and Pray" War: Explaining Yugoslavia
's Stubborn Resistance to NATO Coercion in 1999, examining the military concepts of coercion
, deterrence
, and the effects based approach through a conflict-specific analysis of the Kosovo War
, is forthcoming.
published Hayward's Jenny Green Teeth and Other Short Stories (which the Evening Standard
reviewed as "superb") as well as a volume of poetry called Lifeblood (which the Evening Standard reviewed as "memorable and insightful"). Hayward has made both volumes available as free downloads through his website. Hayward has continued to publish poems steadily over the years, including, recently, in Damazine and Contemporary World Literature, and his second collection of poems ― titled Splitting the Moon: A Book of Islamic Poetry ― is due for publication in 2011.
New Zealand
New Zealand is an island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses and numerous smaller islands. The country is situated some east of Australia across the Tasman Sea, and roughly south of the Pacific island nations of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga...
-born "noted scholar of war and strategy" who has worked in the United Kingdom
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
since 2004.
He is best known for his published books and articles on military matters, including the use of air power, his 2003 biography of Horatio Lord Nelson
Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson
Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson, 1st Duke of Bronté, KB was a flag officer famous for his service in the Royal Navy, particularly during the Napoleonic Wars. He was noted for his inspirational leadership and superb grasp of strategy and unconventional tactics, which resulted in a number of...
, and his writing and teaching on the Quranic (Islamic) concepts of war. He was known earlier in his career for a controversy in 2000 over his 1991 M.A. thesis on the historiography
Historiography
Historiography refers either to the study of the history and methodology of history as a discipline, or to a body of historical work on a specialized topic...
of Holocaust denial in which it was charged that the thesis had denied the Holocaust
Holocaust denial
Holocaust denial is the act of denying the genocide of Jews in World War II, usually referred to as the Holocaust. The key claims of Holocaust denial are: the German Nazi government had no official policy or intention of exterminating Jews, Nazi authorities did not use extermination camps and gas...
, something he denied. Hayward is Head of Air Power Studies at King's College London
King's College London
King's College London is a public research university located in London, United Kingdom and a constituent college of the federal University of London. King's has a claim to being the third oldest university in England, having been founded by King George IV and the Duke of Wellington in 1829, and...
and, as of 1 April 2007, is Dean
Dean (education)
In academic administration, a dean is a person with significant authority over a specific academic unit, or over a specific area of concern, or both...
of the Royal Air Force College, Cranwell. In August 2007 the Royal Air Force
Royal Air Force
The Royal Air Force is the aerial warfare service branch of the British Armed Forces. Formed on 1 April 1918, it is the oldest independent air force in the world...
appointed him a Director of the Royal Air Force Centre for Air Power Studies
Royal Air Force Centre for Air Power Studies
The Royal Air Force Centre for Air Power Studies is a Royal Air Force sponsored think tank which engages in the study of air power.The centre was launched on 23 August 2007 by Air Chief Marshal Sir Glenn Torpy, Chief of the Air Staff...
. He is a Professor of Strategy at the Indonesian Defense University and he holds fellow
Fellow
A fellow in the broadest sense is someone who is an equal or a comrade. The term fellow is also used to describe a person, particularly by those in the upper social classes. It is most often used in an academic context: a fellow is often part of an elite group of learned people who are awarded...
ships from the United States Air Force
United States Air Force
The United States Air Force is the aerial warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the American uniformed services. Initially part of the United States Army, the USAF was formed as a separate branch of the military on September 18, 1947 under the National Security Act of...
and the Federal Government of Germany.
Early life
Hayward was born on 27 May 1964 in ChristchurchChristchurch
Christchurch is the largest city in the South Island of New Zealand, and the country's second-largest urban area after Auckland. It lies one third of the way down the South Island's east coast, just north of Banks Peninsula which itself, since 2006, lies within the formal limits of...
, New Zealand
New Zealand
New Zealand is an island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses and numerous smaller islands. The country is situated some east of Australia across the Tasman Sea, and roughly south of the Pacific island nations of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga...
to John and Lorraine Hayward and given the name Stuart Andrew Hayward.
In 1986, he married Kathleen Michie at St. Kentigerns Presbyterian Church in the Christchurch suburb of New Brighton
New Brighton, New Zealand
New Brighton is a coastal suburb of Christchurch, New Zealand, about to the east of the city centre.-Naming:The naming of New Brighton was apparently done on a 'spur of moment' decision by William Fee, an early settler of the area...
. In 1989, Hayward changed his first name to Joel, following what he would later explain was a "choice to go through life with a first name that has deep spiritual significance for me."
Hayward developed an interest in Jewish history
Jewish history
Jewish history is the history of the Jews, their religion and culture, as it developed and interacted with other peoples, religions and cultures. Since Jewish history is over 4000 years long and includes hundreds of different populations, any treatment can only be provided in broad strokes...
and the Hebrew language
Hebrew language
Hebrew is a Semitic language of the Afroasiatic language family. Culturally, is it considered by Jews and other religious groups as the language of the Jewish people, though other Jewish languages had originated among diaspora Jews, and the Hebrew language is also used by non-Jewish groups, such...
as a result of his maternal grandmother's Jewishness. He gained a strong reading ability in Hebrew and made trips to Israel
Israel
The State of Israel is a parliamentary republic located in the Middle East, along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea...
and was a member of a national organization with both Jewish and Christian membership, The New Zealand Friends of Israel, Inc.
Bachelor of Arts
In 1988 Hayward enrolled with the University of CanterburyUniversity of Canterbury
The University of Canterbury , New Zealand's second-oldest university, operates its main campus in the suburb of Ilam in the city of Christchurch, New Zealand...
in Christchurch to pursue a Bachelor of Arts degree, which he received on 8 May 1991 with papers taken primarily in the Departments of History and Classics.
In 1989, while pursuing his undergraduate studies, Hayward took part in founding an association called Opposition to Anti-Semitism Inc.(OAS), which he headed until 1991, when he left the group. He later stated he left the group due to a personality clash with another member; in a biographical note to an article he published in January 1992 in an Australian Jewish publication in January 1992, he said he left the organization due to pressure of work. While with OAS, Hayward published several articles on anti-Semitism and became interested in the historiography
Historiography
Historiography refers either to the study of the history and methodology of history as a discipline, or to a body of historical work on a specialized topic...
of Holocaust denial
Holocaust denial
Holocaust denial is the act of denying the genocide of Jews in World War II, usually referred to as the Holocaust. The key claims of Holocaust denial are: the German Nazi government had no official policy or intention of exterminating Jews, Nazi authorities did not use extermination camps and gas...
.
Master of Arts
Following the award of his B.A., Hayward commenced a Master's DegreeMaster's degree
A master's is an academic degree granted to individuals who have undergone study demonstrating a mastery or high-order overview of a specific field of study or area of professional practice...
program at University of Canterbury. He first considered a thesis
Thesis
A dissertation or thesis is a document submitted in support of candidature for an academic degree or professional qualification presenting the author's research and findings...
topic in Ancient History, but was informed by faculty in the Classics Department that he would need to study another year of Greek
Greek language
Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...
and Latin first. After consultation with Dr. Vincent Orange, a Reader (equivalent to Associate Professor) in the History Department who became his thesis supervisor, Hayward settled on the topic of the historiography of Holocaust denial
Holocaust denial
Holocaust denial is the act of denying the genocide of Jews in World War II, usually referred to as the Holocaust. The key claims of Holocaust denial are: the German Nazi government had no official policy or intention of exterminating Jews, Nazi authorities did not use extermination camps and gas...
. Hayward later stated that this topic combined three of his great interests: World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
, the German language
German language
German is a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch. With an estimated 90 – 98 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and is the most widely-spoken first language in the European Union....
, and Jewish history
Jewish history
Jewish history is the history of the Jews, their religion and culture, as it developed and interacted with other peoples, religions and cultures. Since Jewish history is over 4000 years long and includes hundreds of different populations, any treatment can only be provided in broad strokes...
. Besides his thesis, Hayward was also required for the M.A. degree to complete four honours papers, which he wrote during 1992. The four honours grades together constituted fully half of Hayward's master's program. All four papers underwent examination both internally and externally before their grades (an A-, two As, and an A+) were confirmed.
The bulk of Hayward's thesis was written in 1991, prior to his four honours papers, with the conclusion written in early 1993. Entitled The Fate of Jews in German hands: An Historical Enquiry into the Development and Significance of Holocaust Revisionism, the thesis underwent examination by internal examiner Dr. Vincent Orange of University of Canterbury's History Department and external examiner Professor John Jensen of Waikato University before its grade of A+ was confirmed by Professor W. David McIntyre, also of University of Canterbury's History Department.
Hayward's M.A. in History with First Class Honours was conferred on 7 May 1993. Hayward's thesis was judged the best history thesis of his year and it won him the Sir James Hight Memorial Prize, awarded for "excellence", and the honour of wearing the Philip Ross May Gown at the graduation ceremony.
Ph.D.
Hayward went on to pursue a Ph.D. degree, also at University of Canterbury, again under the supervision of Dr. Vincent Orange. He initially considered to enroll for the Ph.D. with a biography of well-known Holocaust denier David IrvingDavid Irving
David John Cawdell Irving is an English writer,best known for his denial of the Holocaust, who specialises in the military and political history of World War II, with a focus on Nazi Germany...
as a dissertion topic, apparently at Irving's suggestion, but instead embarked on a study of German air operations during World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
. In 1994, the U.S. Air Force
United States Air Force
The United States Air Force is the aerial warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the American uniformed services. Initially part of the United States Army, the USAF was formed as a separate branch of the military on September 18, 1947 under the National Security Act of...
Historical Research Agency, located within the Air University at Maxwell Air Force Base
Maxwell Air Force Base
Maxwell Air Force Base , officially known as Maxwell-Gunter Air Force Base, is a United States Air Force installation under the Air Education and Training Command . The installation is located in Montgomery, Alabama, US. It was named in honor of Second Lieutenant William C...
, Alabama
Alabama
Alabama is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered by Tennessee to the north, Georgia to the east, Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to the south, and Mississippi to the west. Alabama ranks 30th in total land area and ranks second in the size of its inland...
, awarded him a research scholarship to conduct research for his dissertation in its archives; he subsequently received a research fellowship from the Federal Government of Germany which enabled him to conduct doctoral research in the German Military Archives in Freiburg
Freiburg
Freiburg im Breisgau is a city in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. In the extreme south-west of the country, it straddles the Dreisam river, at the foot of the Schlossberg. Historically, the city has acted as the hub of the Breisgau region on the western edge of the Black Forest in the Upper Rhine Plain...
, Germany.
Hayward was awarded a Ph.D. in 1996. His thesis, Seeking the Philosopher's Stone: Luftwaffe Operations during Hitler's Drive to the East, 1942–1943 became the basis for his first book, Stopped at Stalingrad: The Luftwaffe and Hitler’s Defeat in the East 1942-1943.
Stopped At Stalingrad
Stopped at Stalingrad: The Luftwaffe and Hitler's Defeat in the East, 1942-1943 is a book that analyzed the role of Hitler's use and control of the Luftwaffe in the Battle of Stalingrad between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union during World War II. Written by historian Joel S. A...
, which was published in 1998.
Massey University
In June 1996 Hayward joined the History Department at Massey UniversityMassey University
Massey University is one of New Zealand's largest universities with approximately 36,000 students, 20,000 of whom are extramural students.The University has campuses in Palmerston North , Wellington and Auckland . Massey offers most of its degrees extramurally within New Zealand and internationally...
(Palmerston North Campus) as a Lecturer in Defence and Strategic Studies, receiving promotion to Senior Lecturer in August 1999. He specialized in the theoretical and conceptual aspects of modern warfare, airpower, joint doctrines, and manoeuvre warfare. He continued in that position until June 2002.
While at Massey, Hayward in 1999 was organizer of New Zealand's largest defence conference, held 21–22 August at Massey University's Turitea campus. The conference, entitled "Coalitions and Conflict — The Transition of Warfare 1899 to 1999 and Beyond," focused on coalition warfare and was jointly hosted by Massey University and the New Zealand Army's Military Studies Institute. Hayward was conference convenor of Massey's third annual defence conference in August 2000, again co-hosted by the New Zealand Army, with discussion focusing on the trend towards integrating the three armed services (army, air force, and navy) under unified command. Hayward also acted as editor of the conference proceedings, which took its title from the conference's theme, Joint Future? The Move to Jointness and Its Implications for the New Zealand Defence Force.
From 1997 to 2004 he was also lecturer at the Officer Cadet School of the New Zealand Army
New Zealand Army
The New Zealand Army , is the land component of the New Zealand Defence Force and comprises around 4,500 Regular Force personnel, 2,000 Territorial Force personnel and 500 civilians. Formerly the New Zealand Military Forces, the current name was adopted around 1946...
, where he taught general military history from Alexander the Great to the Balkan War, and at the Command and Staff College of the Royal New Zealand Air Force
Royal New Zealand Air Force
The Royal New Zealand Air Force is the air arm of the New Zealand Defence Force...
, where he taught airpower history and doctrine and supervised advanced research in military history. During the same period he also taught strategic thought at the Royal New Zealand Naval College. He also wrote academic articles for general military and military history publications.
Work in the United Kingdom
Hayward has lived and worked in the United KingdomUnited Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
since 2004, first teaching strategy and operational art at the Joint Services Command and Staff College
Joint Services Command and Staff College
Joint Services Command and Staff College is a British military academic establishment providing training and education to experienced officers of the Royal Navy, Army, Royal Air Force, Ministry of Defence Civil Service, and serving officers of other states.-History:JSCSC combined the single...
. In November 2005 he became the head of the newly created Air Power Studies Division, a specialist unit of thirteen Defence Study academics established by the Royal Air Force
Royal Air Force
The Royal Air Force is the aerial warfare service branch of the British Armed Forces. Formed on 1 April 1918, it is the oldest independent air force in the world...
and King's College London
King's College London
King's College London is a public research university located in London, United Kingdom and a constituent college of the federal University of London. King's has a claim to being the third oldest university in England, having been founded by King George IV and the Duke of Wellington in 1829, and...
at the Royal Air Force College, Cranwell. Hayward was appointed Dean of the RAF College, Cranwell in April 2007. He is a Director of the Royal Air Force Centre for Air Power Studies
Royal Air Force Centre for Air Power Studies
The Royal Air Force Centre for Air Power Studies is a Royal Air Force sponsored think tank which engages in the study of air power.The centre was launched on 23 August 2007 by Air Chief Marshal Sir Glenn Torpy, Chief of the Air Staff...
, the Air Force's national thinktank. He is also a member of the CAS Air Power Workshop
CAS Air Power Workshop
The Chief of the Air Staff's Air Power Workshop, sometimes known merely as the CAS Workshop, is a small working group of senior scholars and other theorists convened by the Chief of Air Staff, the professional head of the Royal Air Force...
, a small and highly select working group of scholars and other theorists convened by the Chief of Air Staff (the head of the Royal Air Force.)
He holds fellow
Fellow
A fellow in the broadest sense is someone who is an equal or a comrade. The term fellow is also used to describe a person, particularly by those in the upper social classes. It is most often used in an academic context: a fellow is often part of an elite group of learned people who are awarded...
ships from the United States Air Force
United States Air Force
The United States Air Force is the aerial warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the American uniformed services. Initially part of the United States Army, the USAF was formed as a separate branch of the military on September 18, 1947 under the National Security Act of...
and the Federal Government of Germany. He is a member of the editorial advisory boards of the academic journals, Air Power Review and World War II Quarterly. Hayward now focuses mainly on ethical aspects of air power. He teaches on air power concepts at various staff colleges and universities throughout Europe and in 2007 taught a course on "Air Power and Ethics" in Trondheim, Norway, to the Norwegian Air Force On 13 May 2009 he was a keynote speaker at the 2009 Air Power Asia conference in Singapore, where he spoke on "Air Power And Ecology: Destruction Of Enemies But Not The Environment". He convened an international academic conference on that subject—the environmental impact of modern air warfare—in August 2009. In October 2010 he spoke at the Global Peace and Unity
Global Peace and Unity
The Global Peace and Unity event is an annual two-day conference held at the ExCeL Exhibition Centre in Royal Victoria Dock, London and organized by the Islam Channel. It is the largest Muslim, interfaith and multicultural event of its kind in Europe, having attracted over 55,000 visitors from...
(GPU) conference on the subject: "War & Ethics: The Compatibility of 'Western' and Islamic Thought", a subject (Qur'anic military ethics) he also published on during 2010.
An anti-radical Muslim himself (who teaches at anti-extremism workshops), Hayward supports the British armed forces and is a member of the UK Armed Forces Muslim Association. This has not prevented him from being called the "Ayatollah of the RAF" by an anonymous source cited by the Daily Mail. In an article critical of some ostensible Muslim anger seen online, Hayward describes himself as “a moderate and politically liberal revert who chose to embrace the faith of Islam because of its powerful spiritual truths, its emphasis on peace and justice, its racial and ethnic inclusiveness and its charitable spirit towards the poor and needy.” In 2010, he wrote the Introduction to Shaykh-ul-Islam Muhammad Tahir-ul-Qadri
Tahir-ul-Qadri
Muhammad Tahir ul-Qadri is a Pakistani Sufi scholar and former professor of international constitutional law at the University of the Punjab....
's Fatwa on Terrorism and Suicide Bombings (London: Minhaj-ul-Quran International). Hayward, who sharply criticizes all Islamic terrorism in the fatwa's introduction, shares Tahir-ul-Qadri
Tahir-ul-Qadri
Muhammad Tahir ul-Qadri is a Pakistani Sufi scholar and former professor of international constitutional law at the University of the Punjab....
's scholarly assessment "that regardless of any motives, terrorism can never be supported and is in fact condemned by the Holy Quran and the Sunnah." In 2011 Qadri appointed Hayward to a senior role as his (and Minhaj-ul-Quran
Minhaj-ul-Quran
Minhaj-ul-Quran International is an international Sufi-based non-governmental organization founded by Muhammad Tahir-ul-Qadri in 1981 in Lahore, Pakistan...
's) Strategic Policy Advisor. Hayward also formally signed the London Declaration, a Muslim public statement issued under the auspices of Minhaj-ul-Quran
Minhaj-ul-Quran
Minhaj-ul-Quran International is an international Sufi-based non-governmental organization founded by Muhammad Tahir-ul-Qadri in 1981 in Lahore, Pakistan...
which unequivocally condemns all extremism and terrorism, ”because at the heart of all religions is a belief in the sanctity of the lives of the innocent.” The Declaration adds: “The indiscriminate nature of terrorism, which has in recent years killed far more civilians and other non-combatants than it has combatants, is un-Islamic, un-Judaic, un-Christian and it is indeed incompatible with the true teachings of all faiths.” The London Declaration also “unequivocally condemn[s] anti-Semitism (including when sometimes it is disingenuously clothed as anti-Zionism), Islamophobia (including when it is sometimes disingenuously dressed up as patriotism) and all other forms of racism and xenophobia.”
Controversy over M.A. thesis
Hayward's M.A. thesis was opposed even before it was completed. The university was contacted by members of Hayward's own group, Opposition to Anti-Semitism Inc (OAS) who had in 1991 recorded Hayward making statements which in their view constituted Holocaust denialHolocaust denial
Holocaust denial is the act of denying the genocide of Jews in World War II, usually referred to as the Holocaust. The key claims of Holocaust denial are: the German Nazi government had no official policy or intention of exterminating Jews, Nazi authorities did not use extermination camps and gas...
. OAS stated that Hayward had argued that Hitler did not personally plan the Holocaust and that the "final solution" was a very brutal policy of "forced expulsion". Their intervention was rejected by the university which went on to assess the M.A. thesis and consider it worthy of the highest grade. Dr. Orange, who both supervised and assessed the dissertation, summarised its conclusion in the words "Hayward’s thesis is that the Nazis did not attempt the systematic extermination of Jews during the Second World War. In particular, he finds the evidence that gas chambers were built and used for this purpose unconvincing."
The dissertation was made unavailable for public study until 1999. When it became available, it ignited controversy. Hayward was again accused of Holocaust denial. In 2000, at the request of the New Zealand Jewish Council, the University of Canterbury convened a "Working Party" which issued a report admonishing the university for inadequately supervising Hayward's work. The report found that Hayward's thesis was "seriously flawed" but did not "establish dishonesty" on his part. Subsequent to the issuance of the Working Party's report, the university apologized to the New Zealand Jewish community, as Hayward also had earlier in the year. Hayward has always repudiated his thesis, saying its errors were the result of inadequate scholarly preparation for such a complex topic, but Holocaust deniers initially continued to cite the thesis as evidence of academic support for their positions. In 2000, Holocaust denier David Irving
David Irving
David John Cawdell Irving is an English writer,best known for his denial of the Holocaust, who specialises in the military and political history of World War II, with a focus on Nazi Germany...
praised Hayward's work as a "landmark in the turning of the tide in the favour of historical revisionism".
Despite any earlier issues, Hayward clearly upholds the sound and accepted scholarly assessment of the Holocaust. In 2010 he described it as “one of history’s vilest crimes … involving the organised murder of millions of Jews” and in 2011 he similarly wrote: “The Holocaust of the Jews in the Second World War, one of history’s vilest crimes, involved the organised murder of six million Jews by Germans and others who considered themselves Christians or at least members of the Christian value system.”
Military history
Hayward has authored or co-authored a number of journal articles pertaining to military matters, including "Stalingrad: An Examination of Hitler’s Decision to Airlift" which the U.S. Air ForceUnited States Air Force
The United States Air Force is the aerial warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the American uniformed services. Initially part of the United States Army, the USAF was formed as a separate branch of the military on September 18, 1947 under the National Security Act of...
published in both English and Spanish. and "The Qur’an and War: Observations on Islamic Just War", published in the official RAF academic journal, Air Power Review, Vol. 13, No. 3, Autumn/Winter 2010, pp. 41–63.
Hayward is the author of five books of military history, including Stopped at Stalingrad: The Luftwaffe and Hitler’s Defeat in the East 1942-1943
Stopped At Stalingrad
Stopped at Stalingrad: The Luftwaffe and Hitler's Defeat in the East, 1942-1943 is a book that analyzed the role of Hitler's use and control of the Luftwaffe in the Battle of Stalingrad between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union during World War II. Written by historian Joel S. A...
(1998 and subsequent editions). An assessment of aerial warfare
Aerial warfare
Aerial warfare is the use of military aircraft and other flying machines in warfare, including military airlift of cargo to further the national interests as was demonstrated in the Berlin Airlift...
at the Battle of Stalingrad
Battle of Stalingrad
The Battle of Stalingrad was a major battle of World War II in which Nazi Germany and its allies fought the Soviet Union for control of the city of Stalingrad in southwestern Russia. The battle took place between 23 August 1942 and 2 February 1943...
, Stopped at Stalingrad was favorably reviewed in the Times Literary Supplement and the journal War in History Hayward's biography of naval commander Horatio Lord Nelson
Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson
Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson, 1st Duke of Bronté, KB was a flag officer famous for his service in the Royal Navy, particularly during the Napoleonic Wars. He was noted for his inspirational leadership and superb grasp of strategy and unconventional tactics, which resulted in a number of...
, For God and Glory: Lord Nelson and His Way of War (2003), likewise received positive notices, with one reviewer recommending it as "a fresh and original contribution" on Lord Nelson that could also serve as a reference companion for viewers of the film "Master and Commander"
Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World
Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World is a 2003 film directed by Peter Weir, starring Russell Crowe as Jack Aubrey, with Paul Bettany as Stephen Maturin and released by 20th Century Fox, Miramax Films and Universal Studios...
based on the Patrick O'Brian
Patrick O'Brian
Patrick O'Brian, CBE , born Richard Patrick Russ, was an English novelist and translator, best known for his Aubrey–Maturin series of novels set in the Royal Navy during the Napoleonic Wars and centred on the friendship of English Naval Captain Jack Aubrey and the Irish–Catalan physician Stephen...
novels set during the "Age of Nelson."
A work-in-progress, A "Bomb and Pray" War: Explaining Yugoslavia
Yugoslavia
Yugoslavia refers to three political entities that existed successively on the western part of the Balkans during most of the 20th century....
's Stubborn Resistance to NATO Coercion in 1999, examining the military concepts of coercion
Coercion
Coercion is the practice of forcing another party to behave in an involuntary manner by use of threats or intimidation or some other form of pressure or force. In law, coercion is codified as the duress crime. Such actions are used as leverage, to force the victim to act in the desired way...
, deterrence
Deterrence theory
Deterrence theory gained increased prominence as a military strategy during the Cold War with regard to the use of nuclear weapons, and features prominently in current United States foreign policy regarding the development of nuclear technology in North Korea and Iran. Deterrence theory however was...
, and the effects based approach through a conflict-specific analysis of the Kosovo War
Kosovo War
The term Kosovo War or Kosovo conflict was two sequential, and at times parallel, armed conflicts in Kosovo province, then part of FR Yugoslav Republic of Serbia; from early 1998 to 1999, there was an armed conflict initiated by the ethnic Albanian "Kosovo Liberation Army" , who sought independence...
, is forthcoming.
Fiction and poetry
In 2003, Totem Press, a New Zealand publisher based in Palmerston, New ZealandPalmerston, New Zealand
The town of Palmerston, in New Zealand's South Island lies 50 kilometres to the north of the city of Dunedin. It is the largest town in the Waihemo Ward of the Waitaki District with a population of 890 residents...
published Hayward's Jenny Green Teeth and Other Short Stories (which the Evening Standard
Evening Standard
The Evening Standard, now styled the London Evening Standard, is a free local daily newspaper, published Monday–Friday in tabloid format in London. It is the dominant regional evening paper for London and the surrounding area, with coverage of national and international news and City of London...
reviewed as "superb") as well as a volume of poetry called Lifeblood (which the Evening Standard reviewed as "memorable and insightful"). Hayward has made both volumes available as free downloads through his website. Hayward has continued to publish poems steadily over the years, including, recently, in Damazine and Contemporary World Literature, and his second collection of poems ― titled Splitting the Moon: A Book of Islamic Poetry ― is due for publication in 2011.
Graduate studies work
- (1993). The Fate of Jews in German Hands: An Historical Enquiry into the Development and Significance of Holocaust Revisionism. Thesis (M.A.). University of Canterbury, 1993.
- (1996). Seeking the Philosopher's Stone: Luftwaffe Operations during Hitler's Drive to the East, 1942–1943. Ph.D. thesis. University of Canterbury, 1996.
Journal articles (selection)
This is a selected bibliography of peer-reviewed articles.- (1995). "Hitler's Quest for Oil: The Impact of Economic Considerations on Military Strategy, 1941–42." The Journal of Strategic StudiesJournal of Strategic StudiesThe Journal of Strategic Studies, first published in 1978, is a multi-disciplinary review of forward-looking articles on military and diplomatic strategy . It is published six times per year....
18(4): 94-135. December 1995. Reprinted in Jeremy Black, ed., The Second World War, Volume I: The German War 1939–1942 (London: Ashgate, 2007), pp. 441–482. - (1997). "Stalingrad: An Examination of Hitler’s Decision to Airlift." Airpower Journal 11(1): 21–37. Spring 1997. Also published by the U.S. Air Force in a PortuguesePortuguese languagePortuguese is a Romance language that arose in the medieval Kingdom of Galicia, nowadays Galicia and Northern Portugal. The southern part of the Kingdom of Galicia became independent as the County of Portugal in 1095...
translation as "Estalingrado: Um Exame da Decisão de Hitler a Respeito do Transporte Aéreo." - (1997). "The German Use of Airpower at Kharkov, May 1942." Air Power History 44(2): 18–29. Summer 1997.
- (1997). "Von Richthofen's 'giant fire-magic': The Luftwaffe's Contribution to the Battle of Kerch, 1942." The Journal of Slavic Military Studies 10(2): 97–124. June 1997.
- (1998). "A Case Study in Effective Command: An Analysis of Field Marshal Richthofen's Character and Career." New Zealand Army Journal 18: 7–18. January 1998.
- (1999). "NATO's War in the Balkans: A Preliminary Analysis." New Zealand Army Journal 21: 1–17. July 1999.
- (1999). "A Case Study in Early Joint Warfare: An Analysis of the Wehrmacht's Crimean Campaign of 1942." The Journal of Strategic Studies 22(4): 103–130. December 1999. Also in GermanGerman languageGerman is a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch. With an estimated 90 – 98 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and is the most widely-spoken first language in the European Union....
translation as "Eine Fallstudie früher integrierter Kriegführung: Eine Analyse des Krimfeldzuges der Wehrmacht im Jahre 1942." Reprinted in Jeremy Black, ed., The Second World War, Volume I: The German War 1939–1942 (London: Ashgate, 2007), pp. 483–510. - (2000). "Too Little, Too Late: An Analysis of Hitler's Failure in August 1942 to Damage Soviet Oil Production." The Journal of Military History 64(3): 769–794. July 2000. Also in SpanishSpanish languageSpanish , also known as Castilian , is a Romance language in the Ibero-Romance group that evolved from several languages and dialects in central-northern Iberia around the 9th century and gradually spread with the expansion of the Kingdom of Castile into central and southern Iberia during the...
translation as "Demasiado Poco, Demasiado Tarde: Un Análisis del Fracaso de Hitler en Agos-to de 1942 de Dañar la Producción Pe-trolífera Soviética." Reprinted in Jeremy Black, ed., The Second World War, Volume I: The German War 1939–1942 (London: Ashgate, 2007), pp. 511–536. - (2001). "Horatio Lord Nelson's Warfighting Style and the Maneuver Warfare Paradigm." Defence Studies 1(2): 15–37. Summer 2001.
- (2002). "Prayers Before Battle: The Spiritual Utterances of Three Great Commanders." US Army Chaplaincy Journal (Winter-Spring 2002), pp. 32–40.
- (2002). "Current and Future Command Challenges for New Zealand Defence Force Personnel." Australian Defence Force Journal 155: 39–45. July/August 2002.
- (2009). "Air Power and the Environment: The Ecological Implications of Modern Air Warfare." Air Power Review 12(3): 15–41. Autumn 2009.
- (2010). “Adding Brain to Brawn: The School of Advanced Air and Space Studies and its Impact on Air Power Thinking”. Air Power Review 13(2): 69–80. Summer 2010 [with Tamir Libel].
- (2010). “The Qur’an and War: Observations on Islamic Just War”. Air Power Review 13(3): 41–63. Autumn/Winter 2010.
- (2010). “Air Power, Ethics and Civilian Immunity during the Great War and its Aftermath”. Global War Studies 7(2): 102-130. December 2010.
- (2010). Introduction to Shaykh-ul-Islam Muhammad Tahir-ul-QadriTahir-ul-QadriMuhammad Tahir ul-Qadri is a Pakistani Sufi scholar and former professor of international constitutional law at the University of the Punjab....
, Fatwa on Terrorism and Suicide Bombings (London: Minhaj-ul-Quran International). - (2011). “Reflections on the Maxwell ‘Revolution’: John Warden and Reforms in Professional Military Education”. Air Power Review 14(1): 11-33. Spring 2011 [with Tamir Libel].
- (2011). “Qur’anic Concepts of the Ethics of Warfare: Challenging the Claims of Islamic Aggressiveness”. Cordoba Foundation Occasional Paper, Series No. 2, April 2011. ISSN 2045-6603.
Monographs
- (2000). Adolf Hitler and Joint Warfare. Military Studies Institute Working Papers Series No. 2/2000. Military Studies Institute, New Zealand Defence Force. (44 pp.)
Military history
- (1998). Stopped at Stalingrad: The Luftwaffe and Hitler’s Defeat in the East 1942-1943.Stopped At StalingradStopped at Stalingrad: The Luftwaffe and Hitler's Defeat in the East, 1942-1943 is a book that analyzed the role of Hitler's use and control of the Luftwaffe in the Battle of Stalingrad between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union during World War II. Written by historian Joel S. A...
Modern War Studies series. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0700611460. - (2000). (edited). A Joint Future? The Move to Jointness and its Implications for the New Zealand Defence Force. Massey University, Centre for Defence Studies.
- (2003). For God and Glory: Lord Nelson and His Way of War. Annapolis, MD: U.S. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1591143519.
- (2003). (edited with Glyn Harper). Born to Lead? Portraits of New Zealand Commanders. Auckland: Exisle Publishing. ISBN 0908988338.
- (2006). Stalingrad. Pen & Sword Battleground series. London: Millennium. ISBN 1844154742.
- (2009). (edited). Air Power, Insurgency and the “War on Terror”. Royal Air Force Centre for Air Power Studies. ISBN 978-0-9552189-6-5.
Works-in-progress
- (Expected Fall or Winter). A "Bomb and Pray" War: Explaining YugoslaviaYugoslaviaYugoslavia refers to three political entities that existed successively on the western part of the Balkans during most of the 20th century....
's Stubborn Resistance to NATO Coercion in 1999. - “Splitting the Moon: A Book of Islamic Poetry”. Kube Publishers. ISSN 978-1-84774-034-2.
- “Prophet and Warrior: The Conduct and Justice of Muhammad’s Military Campaigns”. Kube Publishers. ISSN 978-0-86037-469-5.
Fiction and poetry
- (2003). Jenny Green Teeth and other short stories. Palmerston North, New Zealand: Totem Press. ISBN 0958244634.
- (2003). Lifeblood (A Book of Poems). Palmerston North, New Zealand: Totem Press. ISBN 0958244618.
Book Chapter
- (2008). The Luftwaffe’s Agility: An assessment of Relevant Concepts and Practices in Neville Parton, editor, Air Power: The Agile Air Force. Royal Air Force. HMSO. ISBN 0-9552189-1-8.
- (2009). Air Power: The Quest to remove Battle from War in John Buckley and George Kassimeris, editors, The Ashgate Companion to Modern Warfare. London: Ashgate, 2009. ISBN 9780754674108.
Conference papers and presentations
- (2006). "The Luftwaffe’s Agility: An Assessment of Relevant Concepts and Practices." Paper presented at the biennial Air Power Conference, Hendon, London, U.K., 9 and 20 July 2006.
- (2006). "The Luftwaffe’s Agility: Some Relevant Concepts and Practices." Powerpoint presentation to accompany paper presented at the biennial Air Power Conference, Hendon, London, U.K., 9 and 20 July 2006.
External links
- Joel Hayward's Books and Articles — current information on publications; includes text of several journal articles.
- Joel Hayward's Old Website — documents Hayward's view of the controversy in 2000 over his 1991 M.A. thesis; no longer updated.
- Joel Hayward's Poetry — Hayward's first published poetry book and assembled poems to be published in his second collection.
- The Joel Hayward Working Party — Working Party at the University of CanterburyUniversity of CanterburyThe University of Canterbury , New Zealand's second-oldest university, operates its main campus in the suburb of Ilam in the city of Christchurch, New Zealand...
which investigated Hayward's thesis in 2000.