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Ivan Paskevich
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Ivan Fyodorovich Paskevich ( – ) was a Ukrainian-born military leader in the Russian service. For his victories, he was made Count of Erivan in 1828 and Namestnik of Kingdom of Poland in 1831.
Born in Poltava on 19th May 1782, to a well-known family of the Ukrainian Cossack gentry, he was educated at the imperial institution for pages, where his progress was rapid, and in 1800 received his commission in the Guards and was named aide-de-camp to the tsar.
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Ivan Fyodorovich Paskevich ( – ) was a Ukrainian-born military leader in the Russian service. For his victories, he was made Count of Erivan in 1828 and Namestnik of Kingdom of Poland in 1831.
Born in Poltava on 19th May 1782, to a well-known family of the Ukrainian Cossack gentry, he was educated at the imperial institution for pages, where his progress was rapid, and in 1800 received his commission in the Guards and was named aide-de-camp to the tsar. His first active service was in 1805, in the auxiliary army sent to the assistance of Austria against France, when he took part in the Battle of Austerlitz, 20 December 1805, whereby Austrian - Russian troops were defeated by the French Napoleonic Army, the Russian Empire being then ruled by Russian Emperor Alexander I, (23 December, 1777 – Emperor 23 March 1801 on the assasination of his father Russian Emperor Paul I after 5 years of rule - November 19, 1825) and the Holy Roman Emperor being then called Francis II, (12 February 1768 – Holy Roman Emperor from 1792 until 6 August 1806 when he dissolved the nearly 9 Centuries Symbolic Empire after the Russian - Austrian defeat at Austerlitz by ephimerous Emperor Napoleon I Bonaparte - 2 March 1835), later to be known as Emperor Francis I of Austria.
Recycled Emperor Francis I of Austria, would curry favour with Napoleon I of France also giving away his 18 year old daughter Marie Louise of Austria, (December 12, 1791 – December 17, 1847), to previously divorced Napoleon I, because of his former wife being too old to be fertilized, although with former children, Joséphine de Beauharnais (born Marie Josèphe Rose de Tascher de la Pagerie June 23, 1763 – May 29, 1814)), on March 10, 1810, the year that was, assuredly, his most severe defeat.
From 1807 to 1812, Ivan Paskevich was engaged in the campaigns against Turkey, and distinguished himself by many brilliant and daring exploits, being made a general officer in his thirtieth year. During the war with France in 1812-1814 he was present, in command of the 26th division of infantry, at all the most important engagements; at the Battle of Leipzig, fought on 16–19 October, 1813, was one of the most decisive defeats, afther those in Spain and in Russia, suffered by ailing eagle, Napoleon Bonaparte, and he won promotion to the rank of lieutenant general.
On the outbreak of war with Persia in 1826 he was appointed second in command, and, succeeding in the following year to the chief command, gained rapid and brilliant successes which compelled the shah to sue for peace in February 1828.
In reward of his services he was named by the emperor Count of Erivan, now located in Armenia, and received a million rubles and a diamond-mounted sword.
From Persia he was sent again to Turkey, and, having captured in rapid succession the principal fortresses, he was at the end of the campaign made a Field Marshal at the age of forty-seven.
In 1830, he subdued the mountaineers of Dagestan, actually a republic constituant of the Russian Federation.
In 1831, he was entrusted with the command of the army sent to suppress the November Uprising in Congress Poland. His armies brutally crushed the insurgents in Grand Duchy of Lithuania. After the fall of Warsaw, which gave the death blow to the hopes of restoring Polish independence, he was raised to the dignity of prince of Warsaw, and awarded the office of namestnik of the Kingdom of Poland. With the kingdom's autonomy limited by the Statute, the period under Namestnik Paskevich - known in Poland as "Paskevich Night" - became infamous for political and economic repressions, as well as Russification.
On the outbreak of the Insurrection of Hungary in 1848 he was appointed to the command of the Russian troops sent to the aid of Austria, and finally compelled the surrender of the Hungarians at Világos.
In 1854 Paskevich took command of the Army of the Danube, which was then engaging the Turks in the initial stage of the conflict which evolved into the Crimean War, (March 1854–February 1856), Russia fighting against a military coallition of Turkey, with the Kingdoms of Sardinia, the Duchy of Savoy , England and the so called "Second French Empire", the subject of quite a few films in the XX Century.
Although he laid siege to Silistria, Paskevich advocated aborting the campaign due to Austria's threat to intervene in the war. On June 9 he suffered a combat injury and was compelled to return to Russia, handing command of the army to General Mikhail Dmitrievich Gorchakov, one of the great names of the princely "Gorchakov" family, (1795 – Warsaw, May 30, 1861, buried, in accordance with his own wish, at Sevastopol, Crimea, 1861).
Paskevich died in Warsaw, where in 1869 a memorial was erected to him. He held the rank of field marshal in the Prussian and Austrian armies as well as in his own service.
The image by Honoré Victorin Daumier (1832) can de amplified using your mouse.
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