Frederick Romberg
Encyclopedia
Frederick Romberg, born on June 21, 1913 in Tsingtao, China
, is a Swiss-trained architect
who migrated to Australia
in 1938.
Romberg was known as the “middle term” in the architectural partnership of Grounds, Romberg and Boyd (Gromboyd) formed in Melbourne
1953 and dissolved in 1962. Ascribed his Swiss education
as well as his awareness of great Europe
an academic tradition, he brought in the heritage
of Switzerland and Germany to be re-formed into architecture
appropriate to Australia with an intellectual preparation of design
and execution. He led the way in exploring empiricist reinterpretation of modernism
in 1940s, His buildings are characteristically empiricist in intention and form, using local materials within the formal framework of modernism
. In 1950s, his buildings adopted forms of Australian rural architecture, and, beginning in 1983, gradually became well known in outskirt suburb areas of Melbourne’s architectural community.
in Berlin
. He was later returned to Berlin with his parents in September 1913. About 7 years old, he was sent to stay for a year with his maternal grandparents in central Berlin and attended the Stresemann Real-Gymnasium, where the principal Walter Schadow, a supporter of Weimar Republic
which has a broad vision of world affairs and Western cultural heritage. With his first enrollment in law school at University of Geneva
, he later enrolled and spent five years in architecture
course at Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH-Zurich) which known as one of the world’s leading technical universities. He developed a remarkably consistent and rigorous language of architectural form by handling with its ideology of modern movement, ribbon windows, cantilevers, roof gardens, open plan and new urban typologies. After the graduation from the ETH-Zurich, he joined Otto Rudolf Salvisberg’s office as an architectural assistant for 6 months and on one project, the seven storey laboratory building in Basle. Later in 1938, he arrived in Melbourne from Switzerland and became a registered architect in 1940. In his professional career from 1940s to 1950s, he gradually refined his European modernist education into an appropriate local architecture design.
at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH-Zurich), from 1933 to 1938. The earlier semesters of the course had a strong component of technical subjects such as mathematics, geometry and building statics.
is of fundamental importance in understanding the architecture of Fredrick Romberg. While his commitment to Australia was absolute from the moment he arrived there, he brought with him memories, knowledge and attitudes that were European in general and German in particular. Arriving in Melbourne
at Station Pier, he had an initial, brief visit to Canberra
and Sydney
, returned to Melbourne, and was immediately engaged by the office of Stephenson and Turner. He was seconded to the design section and worked there for a year.
from La Trobe Street in 1949 to the front flat on the top floor of Newburn and the following year into a penthouse
created from the roof garden
. With his partners Roy Grounds
and Robin Boyd
, Romberg continued to explore local idioms in his schools, colleges and churches and to link his work to historical precedent in Australia. At the same time, he excavated his own past, resurrecting its latent classicism
in order to affirm Australia’s earliest, and particularly Palladian, traditions.
in the late 1940s) and possibly some knowledge of the immensely influential text by Rudolf Wittkower
, Architectural Principles in the Age of Humanism
, first published in 1949 which dealt with both Palladian geometry and the central plan.
is one of the more intriguing aspects of his practice during the 1950s and early 1960s. Brutalism in Australia is generally understood as a style of ‘rational and robust’ concrete architecture
, largely institutional, widespread in the 1960s and 1970s. Its forms derived from Le Corbusier
’s later work and the Japanese new architecture.
and Cultural Centre project, where the practice of Grounds, Romberg and Boyd was appointed as the architect
s; at a more personal level, it caused the breakup of the partnership
. To some extent, Romberg believed the building would have been much more significant with the teamwork and contribution of three.
of Architecture
at the University of Newcastle, Australia
, north of Sydney
and he held this position for the following decade
.
in 1975 where he carried on a small practice into the 1980s.
The name Stanhill was first coined by Romberg as a combination of the names of the two brothers Stanley and Hilel Korman. It is a strong building with a powerful silhouette
that responds positively to its urban context—— multi-storied urban housing which is both eligible as dwelling
and as modernist monument. The idea of a penthouse on the roof of the tall building was put forward at this time. The building was initially arranged in four vertical stacks containing 4,5,6,8 flats; the genesis of the present building. However, the scheme of the building has been changed three times due to the changes of local building regulations. Although Stanhill was no longer an advanced design by the time it was completed, it is one of the works by which Romberg is now best known.
The 26-year-old Romberg had been in Melbourne
for little more than a year when he embarked on Newburn project. It was his first reinforced concrete multi—storey residential building. The four-storey of twenty- four flats, each angled so as to obtain northern light and a view of the garden
. Stair towers at each end connected with the south facing access balconies. Romberg used the technology he was familiar with from Switzerland
and in which Salvisberg (Swiss architects firm in which Romberg has been working for) was proficient, reinforced concrete
.
Picken Court is designed to be a student
and staff
facility comprising three octagonal
building linked together at each of their three storeys by semi-enclosed bridges. Each had a radial plan with a light and ventilation shaft
at its centre, a ring of toilets, laundries and other utilities, a passageway and students’ rooms, and common study areas around the perimeter. Picken Court was a rare fusion of a 19th-century form and contemporary ideas that elucidated the common theoretical bonds between the two.
ETA factory
was designed for a client, Nut Foods.
With its elegant curtain wall of the administration building present as the public façade, it became one of the most distinguished industrial buildings during the post-war
period.
At ETA, of interest is the elegance of the handling of the Miesian curtain wall fronting Ballarat Road with its alternating bands of clear and black glass, tubular steel diagonal members picked out in gold matte paint and classical colonnade
implied in the regular rhythm of structural columns. Today ETA, although derelict, is still considered one of the best post-war factories built in Victoria.
China
Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...
, is a Swiss-trained architect
Architect
An architect is a person trained in the planning, design and oversight of the construction of buildings. To practice architecture means to offer or render services in connection with the design and construction of a building, or group of buildings and the space within the site surrounding the...
who migrated to Australia
Australia
Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...
in 1938.
Romberg was known as the “middle term” in the architectural partnership of Grounds, Romberg and Boyd (Gromboyd) formed in Melbourne
Melbourne
Melbourne is the capital and most populous city in the state of Victoria, and the second most populous city in Australia. The Melbourne City Centre is the hub of the greater metropolitan area and the Census statistical division—of which "Melbourne" is the common name. As of June 2009, the greater...
1953 and dissolved in 1962. Ascribed his Swiss education
Education
Education in its broadest, general sense is the means through which the aims and habits of a group of people lives on from one generation to the next. Generally, it occurs through any experience that has a formative effect on the way one thinks, feels, or acts...
as well as his awareness of great Europe
Europe
Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting...
an academic tradition, he brought in the heritage
Cultural heritage
Cultural heritage is the legacy of physical artifacts and intangible attributes of a group or society that are inherited from past generations, maintained in the present and bestowed for the benefit of future generations...
of Switzerland and Germany to be re-formed into architecture
Architecture
Architecture is both the process and product of planning, designing and construction. Architectural works, in the material form of buildings, are often perceived as cultural and political symbols and as works of art...
appropriate to Australia with an intellectual preparation of design
Design
Design as a noun informally refers to a plan or convention for the construction of an object or a system while “to design” refers to making this plan...
and execution. He led the way in exploring empiricist reinterpretation of modernism
Modernism
Modernism, in its broadest definition, is modern thought, character, or practice. More specifically, the term describes the modernist movement, its set of cultural tendencies and array of associated cultural movements, originally arising from wide-scale and far-reaching changes to Western society...
in 1940s, His buildings are characteristically empiricist in intention and form, using local materials within the formal framework of modernism
Modernism
Modernism, in its broadest definition, is modern thought, character, or practice. More specifically, the term describes the modernist movement, its set of cultural tendencies and array of associated cultural movements, originally arising from wide-scale and far-reaching changes to Western society...
. In 1950s, his buildings adopted forms of Australian rural architecture, and, beginning in 1983, gradually became well known in outskirt suburb areas of Melbourne’s architectural community.
Personal life
Frederick Romberg, second child of Prussian parents Kurt and Else Romberg, was born on June 21, 1913; Tsingtao, China with German origin. When he was born, his father worked in the Colonial Office in Tsingtao whom was once a doctor of law and a judgeJudge
A judge is a person who presides over court proceedings, either alone or as part of a panel of judges. The powers, functions, method of appointment, discipline, and training of judges vary widely across different jurisdictions. The judge is supposed to conduct the trial impartially and in an open...
in Berlin
Berlin
Berlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union...
. He was later returned to Berlin with his parents in September 1913. About 7 years old, he was sent to stay for a year with his maternal grandparents in central Berlin and attended the Stresemann Real-Gymnasium, where the principal Walter Schadow, a supporter of Weimar Republic
Weimar Republic
The Weimar Republic is the name given by historians to the parliamentary republic established in 1919 in Germany to replace the imperial form of government...
which has a broad vision of world affairs and Western cultural heritage. With his first enrollment in law school at University of Geneva
University of Geneva
The University of Geneva is a public research university located in Geneva, Switzerland.It was founded in 1559 by John Calvin, as a theological seminary and law school. It remained focused on theology until the 17th century, when it became a center for Enlightenment scholarship. In 1873, it...
, he later enrolled and spent five years in architecture
Architecture
Architecture is both the process and product of planning, designing and construction. Architectural works, in the material form of buildings, are often perceived as cultural and political symbols and as works of art...
course at Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH-Zurich) which known as one of the world’s leading technical universities. He developed a remarkably consistent and rigorous language of architectural form by handling with its ideology of modern movement, ribbon windows, cantilevers, roof gardens, open plan and new urban typologies. After the graduation from the ETH-Zurich, he joined Otto Rudolf Salvisberg’s office as an architectural assistant for 6 months and on one project, the seven storey laboratory building in Basle. Later in 1938, he arrived in Melbourne from Switzerland and became a registered architect in 1940. In his professional career from 1940s to 1950s, he gradually refined his European modernist education into an appropriate local architecture design.
Architectural Education
Romberg spent five years as a student of architectureArchitecture
Architecture is both the process and product of planning, designing and construction. Architectural works, in the material form of buildings, are often perceived as cultural and political symbols and as works of art...
at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH-Zurich), from 1933 to 1938. The earlier semesters of the course had a strong component of technical subjects such as mathematics, geometry and building statics.
Migration and Early Practice
To understand the experience of migrationHuman migration
Human migration is physical movement by humans from one area to another, sometimes over long distances or in large groups. Historically this movement was nomadic, often causing significant conflict with the indigenous population and their displacement or cultural assimilation. Only a few nomadic...
is of fundamental importance in understanding the architecture of Fredrick Romberg. While his commitment to Australia was absolute from the moment he arrived there, he brought with him memories, knowledge and attitudes that were European in general and German in particular. Arriving in Melbourne
Melbourne
Melbourne is the capital and most populous city in the state of Victoria, and the second most populous city in Australia. The Melbourne City Centre is the hub of the greater metropolitan area and the Census statistical division—of which "Melbourne" is the common name. As of June 2009, the greater...
at Station Pier, he had an initial, brief visit to Canberra
Canberra
Canberra is the capital city of Australia. With a population of over 345,000, it is Australia's largest inland city and the eighth-largest city overall. The city is located at the northern end of the Australian Capital Territory , south-west of Sydney, and north-east of Melbourne...
and Sydney
Sydney
Sydney is the most populous city in Australia and the state capital of New South Wales. Sydney is located on Australia's south-east coast of the Tasman Sea. As of June 2010, the greater metropolitan area had an approximate population of 4.6 million people...
, returned to Melbourne, and was immediately engaged by the office of Stephenson and Turner. He was seconded to the design section and worked there for a year.
Grounds, Romberg and Boyd: 1953-1962
In 1951 Romberg’s practice was in a precarious position. He had moved his officeOffice
An office is generally a room or other area in which people work, but may also denote a position within an organization with specific duties attached to it ; the latter is in fact an earlier usage, office as place originally referring to the location of one's duty. When used as an adjective, the...
from La Trobe Street in 1949 to the front flat on the top floor of Newburn and the following year into a penthouse
Penthouse apartment
A penthouse apartment or penthouse is an apartment that is on one of the highest floors of an apartment building. Penthouses are typically differentiated from other apartments by luxury features.-History:...
created from the roof garden
Roof garden
A roof garden is any garden on the roof of a building. Besides the decorative benefit, roof plantings may provide food, temperature control, hydrological benefits, architectural enhancement, habitats or corridors for wildlife, and recreational opportunities....
. With his partners Roy Grounds
Roy Grounds
Sir Roy Burman Grounds , wasone of Australia's leading architects of the modern movement.-Biography:Born in Melbourne, Grounds was educated at Scotch College and then Melbourne University and worked for the architectural firm of Blackett, Forster and Craig...
and Robin Boyd
Robin Boyd
Robin Gerard Penleigh Boyd CBE was an influential Australian architect, writer, teacher and social commentator...
, Romberg continued to explore local idioms in his schools, colleges and churches and to link his work to historical precedent in Australia. At the same time, he excavated his own past, resurrecting its latent classicism
Classicism
Classicism, in the arts, refers generally to a high regard for classical antiquity, as setting standards for taste which the classicists seek to emulate. The art of classicism typically seeks to be formal and restrained: of the Discobolus Sir Kenneth Clark observed, "if we object to his restraint...
in order to affirm Australia’s earliest, and particularly Palladian, traditions.
Architecture Style: The Central Plan
Romberg’s complex and varied approach to the central plan suggests a secure grounding in historical precedent (a subject he taught at RMITRMIT University
RMIT University is an Australian public university located in Melbourne, Victoria. It has two branches, referred to as RMIT University in Australia and RMIT International University in Vietnam....
in the late 1940s) and possibly some knowledge of the immensely influential text by Rudolf Wittkower
Rudolf Wittkower
Rudolf Wittkower was a German art historian.-Biography:He was born in Berlin and moved to London in 1934. He taught at the Warburg Institute, University of London from 1934 to 1956 and then at Columbia University from 1956 to 1969 where he was chairman of the Department of Art History and...
, Architectural Principles in the Age of Humanism
Humanism
Humanism is an approach in study, philosophy, world view or practice that focuses on human values and concerns. In philosophy and social science, humanism is a perspective which affirms some notion of human nature, and is contrasted with anti-humanism....
, first published in 1949 which dealt with both Palladian geometry and the central plan.
Architecture Style: Brutalism
The relationship of Romberg’s work to be emerging Brutalist movement in EnglandEngland
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
is one of the more intriguing aspects of his practice during the 1950s and early 1960s. Brutalism in Australia is generally understood as a style of ‘rational and robust’ concrete architecture
Architecture
Architecture is both the process and product of planning, designing and construction. Architectural works, in the material form of buildings, are often perceived as cultural and political symbols and as works of art...
, largely institutional, widespread in the 1960s and 1970s. Its forms derived from Le Corbusier
Le Corbusier
Charles-Édouard Jeanneret, better known as Le Corbusier , was a Swiss-born French architect, designer, urbanist, writer and painter, famous for being one of the pioneers of what now is called modern architecture. He was born in Switzerland and became a French citizen in 1930...
’s later work and the Japanese new architecture.
The Breakup of the Partnership; Romberg and Boyd: 1962-1975
During the National Gallery of VictoriaNational Gallery of Victoria
The National Gallery of Victoria is an art gallery and museum in Melbourne, Australia. Founded in 1861, it is the oldest and the largest public art gallery in Australia. Since December 2003, NGV has operated across two sites...
and Cultural Centre project, where the practice of Grounds, Romberg and Boyd was appointed as the architect
Architect
An architect is a person trained in the planning, design and oversight of the construction of buildings. To practice architecture means to offer or render services in connection with the design and construction of a building, or group of buildings and the space within the site surrounding the...
s; at a more personal level, it caused the breakup of the partnership
Partnership
A partnership is an arrangement where parties agree to cooperate to advance their mutual interests.Since humans are social beings, partnerships between individuals, businesses, interest-based organizations, schools, governments, and varied combinations thereof, have always been and remain commonplace...
. To some extent, Romberg believed the building would have been much more significant with the teamwork and contribution of three.
University of Newcastle, NSW
In 1965 Romberg was appointed the foundation ProfessorProfessor
A professor is a scholarly teacher; the precise meaning of the term varies by country. Literally, professor derives from Latin as a "person who professes" being usually an expert in arts or sciences; a teacher of high rank...
of Architecture
Architecture
Architecture is both the process and product of planning, designing and construction. Architectural works, in the material form of buildings, are often perceived as cultural and political symbols and as works of art...
at the University of Newcastle, Australia
University of Newcastle, Australia
The University of Newcastle is an Australian public university that was established in 1965. The University's main and largest campus is located in Callaghan, a suburb of Newcastle in New South Wales...
, north of Sydney
Sydney
Sydney is the most populous city in Australia and the state capital of New South Wales. Sydney is located on Australia's south-east coast of the Tasman Sea. As of June 2010, the greater metropolitan area had an approximate population of 4.6 million people...
and he held this position for the following decade
Decade
A decade is a period of 10 years. The word is derived from the Ancient Greek dekas which means ten. This etymology is sometime confused with the Latin decas and dies , which is not correct....
.
Return to Melbourne
Romberg returned to MelbourneMelbourne
Melbourne is the capital and most populous city in the state of Victoria, and the second most populous city in Australia. The Melbourne City Centre is the hub of the greater metropolitan area and the Census statistical division—of which "Melbourne" is the common name. As of June 2009, the greater...
in 1975 where he carried on a small practice into the 1980s.
Stanhill Flats
- South Melbourne, Victoria; designed in 1943, completed after the war in 1950
The name Stanhill was first coined by Romberg as a combination of the names of the two brothers Stanley and Hilel Korman. It is a strong building with a powerful silhouette
Silhouette
A silhouette is the image of a person, an object or scene consisting of the outline and a basically featureless interior, with the silhouetted object usually being black. Although the art form has been popular since the mid-18th century, the term “silhouette” was seldom used until the early decades...
that responds positively to its urban context—— multi-storied urban housing which is both eligible as dwelling
Dwelling
Dwelling, as well as being a term for a house, or for living somewhere, or for lingering somewhere, is a philosophical concept which was developed by Martin Heidegger. Dwelling is about making yourself at home where the home itself is a building that is a house...
and as modernist monument. The idea of a penthouse on the roof of the tall building was put forward at this time. The building was initially arranged in four vertical stacks containing 4,5,6,8 flats; the genesis of the present building. However, the scheme of the building has been changed three times due to the changes of local building regulations. Although Stanhill was no longer an advanced design by the time it was completed, it is one of the works by which Romberg is now best known.
Newburn Flats
- Queens Road, Melbourne, Victoria – year 1939
The 26-year-old Romberg had been in Melbourne
Melbourne
Melbourne is the capital and most populous city in the state of Victoria, and the second most populous city in Australia. The Melbourne City Centre is the hub of the greater metropolitan area and the Census statistical division—of which "Melbourne" is the common name. As of June 2009, the greater...
for little more than a year when he embarked on Newburn project. It was his first reinforced concrete multi—storey residential building. The four-storey of twenty- four flats, each angled so as to obtain northern light and a view of the garden
Garden
A garden is a planned space, usually outdoors, set aside for the display, cultivation, and enjoyment of plants and other forms of nature. The garden can incorporate both natural and man-made materials. The most common form today is known as a residential garden, but the term garden has...
. Stair towers at each end connected with the south facing access balconies. Romberg used the technology he was familiar with from Switzerland
Switzerland
Switzerland name of one of the Swiss cantons. ; ; ; or ), in its full name the Swiss Confederation , is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe,Or Central Europe depending on the definition....
and in which Salvisberg (Swiss architects firm in which Romberg has been working for) was proficient, reinforced concrete
Reinforced concrete
Reinforced concrete is concrete in which reinforcement bars , reinforcement grids, plates or fibers have been incorporated to strengthen the concrete in tension. It was invented by French gardener Joseph Monier in 1849 and patented in 1867. The term Ferro Concrete refers only to concrete that is...
.
Picken Court, Ormond College
- Melbourne, Victoria - year 1959
Picken Court is designed to be a student
Student
A student is a learner, or someone who attends an educational institution. In some nations, the English term is reserved for those who attend university, while a schoolchild under the age of eighteen is called a pupil in English...
and staff
Employment
Employment is a contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other being the employee. An employee may be defined as:- Employee :...
facility comprising three octagonal
Octagonal
Octagonal is a retired champion New Zealand-bred, Australian raced Thoroughbred racehorse, also known as 'The Big O' or 'Occy'. He was by the champion sire Zabeel, out of the champion broodmare Eight Carat, who also produced Group One winners Mouawad, Kaapstad, Diamond Lover and Marquise.Trained...
building linked together at each of their three storeys by semi-enclosed bridges. Each had a radial plan with a light and ventilation shaft
Ventilation shaft
In subterranean civil engineering, ventilation shafts, also known as airshafts or vent shafts, are vertical passages used in mines and tunnels to move fresh air underground, and to remove stale air....
at its centre, a ring of toilets, laundries and other utilities, a passageway and students’ rooms, and common study areas around the perimeter. Picken Court was a rare fusion of a 19th-century form and contemporary ideas that elucidated the common theoretical bonds between the two.
ETA Foods Factory
- Ballarat Road, Braybrook – year 1957
ETA factory
ETA Foods Factory
The ETA Foods Factory is an important Modernist industrial building employing glass curtain wall design. It is located at Ballarat Road Braybrook and constructed in 1957.-Designer:...
was designed for a client, Nut Foods.
With its elegant curtain wall of the administration building present as the public façade, it became one of the most distinguished industrial buildings during the post-war
Post-war
A post-war period or postwar period is the interval immediately following the ending of a war and enduring as long as war does not resume. A post-war period can become an interwar period or interbellum when a war between the same parties resumes at a later date...
period.
At ETA, of interest is the elegance of the handling of the Miesian curtain wall fronting Ballarat Road with its alternating bands of clear and black glass, tubular steel diagonal members picked out in gold matte paint and classical colonnade
Colonnade
In classical architecture, a colonnade denotes a long sequence of columns joined by their entablature, often free-standing, or part of a building....
implied in the regular rhythm of structural columns. Today ETA, although derelict, is still considered one of the best post-war factories built in Victoria.
Other Works
- Bruck House, Bruck Mills, Wangaratta, Victoria - 1955
- CSIRO - Division of Protein Chemistry, Parkville, Victoria - 1958
- Glenunga Flats, Armadale, Victoria - 1940
- Hilstan Flats, corner Nepean Highway and Marriage Road, Brighton, Victoria – 1947 (now demolished)
- Holy Trinity Lutheran Church, Canberra – 1960
- ICI Staff Recreation Centre, Deer Park, Victoria – 1955
- Lutheran Church Hall, South Melbourne, Victoria - 1953
- MacFarland Library, and School of Microbiology of University of MelbourneUniversity of MelbourneThe University of Melbourne is a public university located in Melbourne, Victoria. Founded in 1853, it is the second oldest university in Australia and the oldest in Victoria...
- 1962 - Romberg House, Eaglemont, Victoria - 1941
- Sacred Heart Girls’ School, Oakleigh, Victoria - 1954
- School of Architecture, University of NewcastleUniversity of Newcastle, AustraliaThe University of Newcastle is an Australian public university that was established in 1965. The University's main and largest campus is located in Callaghan, a suburb of Newcastle in New South Wales...
, New South Wales - 1968 - St Quentin, Ellery House, Upwey, Victoria – 1940-41
- Yarrabee Flats, South Yarra, Victoria - 1940
- Yarralands Flats, Hawthorn, Victoria - 1951
Awards
- Inaugural President’s prize, awarded by Victorian Chapter of the Royal Australian Institute of ArchitectsRoyal Australian Institute of ArchitectsThe Australian Institute of Architects is a professional body for architects in Australia. Until August 2008, the Institute traded as the "Royal Australian Institute of Architects", which remains its official name....
- In 2006, after he died, National Architecture 2006 : National 25 Year Award – Robin Boyd House II, one of his building works was awarded by Royal Australian Institute of ArchitectsRoyal Australian Institute of ArchitectsThe Australian Institute of Architects is a professional body for architects in Australia. Until August 2008, the Institute traded as the "Royal Australian Institute of Architects", which remains its official name....
External links
- Modern in Melbourne 1 : Melbourne Architecture 1930-50, Frederick Romberg http://users.tce.rmit.edu.au/E03159/ModMelb/mm2/lect/30%27s%20&%2040%27s/fr/html/fr.html