University of Newcastle, Australia
Encyclopedia
The University of Newcastle (UoN) is an Australian public university that was established in 1965. The University's main and largest campus is located in Callaghan
Callaghan, New South Wales
Callaghan is a suburb of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia, located from Newcastle's central business district. It is the location of the main campus of the University of Newcastle, and is served by Warabrook station on CityRail's Hunter line. The suburb was named after Sir Bede Callaghan ,...

, a suburb of Newcastle
Newcastle, New South Wales
The Newcastle metropolitan area is the second most populated area in the Australian state of New South Wales and includes most of the Newcastle and Lake Macquarie Local Government Areas...

 in New South Wales
New South Wales
New South Wales is a state of :Australia, located in the east of the country. It is bordered by Queensland, Victoria and South Australia to the north, south and west respectively. To the east, the state is bordered by the Tasman Sea, which forms part of the Pacific Ocean. New South Wales...

. The University also has campuses in Ourimbah
Ourimbah, New South Wales
Ourimbah is a small township and a suburb of the Central Coast region of New South Wales, Australia, located about north of the Sydney CBD. The township today consists of small scattered local shops and businesses along the Pacific Highway, as well as the Central Coast campus of the University of...

, Port Macquarie
Port Macquarie, New South Wales
Port Macquarie is a city on the Mid North Coast of New South Wales, Australia, located about north of Sydney, and south of Brisbane. The city is located on the coast, at the mouth of the Hastings River, and has an estimated population of 44,313....

, Singapore
Singapore
Singapore , officially the Republic of Singapore, is a Southeast Asian city-state off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, north of the equator. An island country made up of 63 islands, it is separated from Malaysia by the Straits of Johor to its north and from Indonesia's Riau Islands by the...

 and Sydney CBD.

The university has enrolled approximately 15,256 full-time students and 15,080 part-time students (including more than 23,948 undergraduates).

Historically, the University of Newcastle Medical School has implemented the Problem-based learning
Problem-based learning
Problem-based learning is a student-centered pedagogy in which students learn about a subject in the context of complex, multifaceted, and realistic problems...

 system for its undergraduate Bachelor of Medicine programme - a system later mandated for use by the Australian Medical Council
Australian Medical Council
The Australian Medical Council is the Australian national standards advisory body for medical education and training.Its mission statement is:Within Australia, it:* Accredits Australian and New Zealand medical schools and medical courses...

 throughout Australia. It was also the university that introduced Undergraduate Medicine and Health Sciences Admission Test
Undergraduate Medicine and Health Sciences Admission Test
The Undergraduate Medicine and Health Sciences Admission Test is a test administered by the Australian Council for Educational Research in Australia and New Zealand to assist in the selection of students into certain health science courses including most medical and Dentistry courses, as well...

 (UMAT) in the early 1990s. UMAT has since been accepted widely by different medical schools across Australian as an additional selection criteria.

The University of Newcastle is a member of Innovative Research Universities Australia
Innovative Research Universities Australia
Innovative Research Universities , formerly Innovative Research Universities Australia, is a network of seven comprehensive universities committed to conducting research of national and international standing....

 (IRU Australia).

History

The origins of the University of Newcastle can be traced back to the establishment of the Newcastle University College at the Newcastle Technical College site on 3 December 1951. The college was established under the authority of the then University of Technology New South Wales, which is now known as the University of New South Wales
University of New South Wales
The University of New South Wales , is a research-focused university based in Kensington, a suburb in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia...

. At the time of its establishment the Newcastle University College had just five full-time students and study was restricted to engineering, mathematics and science.

The university became autonomous through the University of Newcastle Act 1964 (NSW) which constituted the university on 1 January 1965 through a Proclamation of His Excellency the Governor of New South Wales. A document known as the University’s Grant of Arms is cited as being its very own Declaration of Independence.

Each year the University’s student body celebrates autonomy day on 1 July. According to unverified sources the official autonomy of the University began on 1 January 1965 with a “symbolic ceremonial bonfire held at the site of the Great Hall”. This celebration is said to have been officiated by Professor Godfrey Tanner who is said to have poured wine libations onto the ground as to “sanctify the land upon which the University rests”. Since the university technically became autonomous on 1 January 1965 autonomy day should be held on 1 January. The 1 July actually coincided with the University of Technology New South Wales’s autonomy from the Public Service Board’s authority on 1 July 1954. According to Don Wright, students interpreted Autonomy Day as celebrating the autonomy of the University of Newcastle from the University of New South Wales. The students were entitled to give the celebration whatever meaning they chose. The fact that they called it ‘autonomy day’ heightened the students’ sense of the importance of autonomy and their need to defend it against outside interference.

In 1998, the University established a partnership with the Institut Wira, a Malaysian private business school. In 2002, Ian Firms, a lecturer, failed a large number of student papers from Wira for academic dishonesty
Academic dishonesty
Academic dishonesty or academic misconduct is any type of cheating that occurs in relation to a formal academic exercise. It can include* Plagiarism: The adoption or reproduction of original creations of another author without due acknowledgment.* Fabrication: The...

, but his actions were reversed by the Newcastle administration and he was discharged. He then appealed to the New South Wales Independent Commission Against Corruption, which made a finding of corruption against Dr Paul Ryder, a failure by Vice Chancellor Roger Holmes in the execution of his duty and recommended disciplining the Deputy Vice Chancellor, Professor Brian English.

In 2003, The University of Newcastle, together with five other Australian universities (Macquarie
Macquarie University
Macquarie University is an Australian public teaching and research university located in Sydney, with its main campus situated in Macquarie Park. Founded in 1964 by the New South Wales Government, it was the third university to be established in the metropolitan area of Sydney...

, La Trobe
La Trobe University
La Trobe University is a multi-campus university in Victoria, Australia. It was established in 1964 by an Act of Parliament to become the third oldest university in the state of Victoria. The main campus of La Trobe is located in the Melbourne suburb of Bundoora; two other major campuses are...

, Flinders
Flinders University
Flinders University, , is a public university in Adelaide, South Australia. Founded in 1966, it was named in honour of navigator Matthew Flinders, who explored and surveyed the South Australian coastline in the early 19th century.The university has established a reputation as a leading research...

, Griffith
Griffith University
Griffith University is a public, coeducational, research university located in the southeastern region of the Australian state of Queensland. The university has five satellite campuses located in the Gold Coast, Logan City and in the Brisbane suburbs of Mount Gravatt, Nathan and South Bank. Current...

 and Murdoch
Murdoch University
Murdoch University is a public university based in Perth, Australia. It began operations as the state's second university in 1973, and accepted its first students in 1975...

) established Innovative Research Universities Australia (IRUA).

Forty years after obtaining autonomy, The University of Newcastle has developed a reputed history in their national and international university standings; ranked in the 10-14 range of the 38 universities in Australia by the Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Shanghai Jiao Tong University or SJTU), sometimes referred to as Shanghai Jiaotong University , is a top public research university located in Shanghai, China. Shanghai Jiao Tong University is known as one of the oldest and most prestigious universities in China...

 and 215th in the world by the Times Higher Education Supplement in 2007.

The university unveiled a new logo on 31 March 2007 as part of a brand refresh to better align the university's image with the its new strategic direction.

On 11 May 2007, the university launched its new campus at the PSB Academy
PSB Academy
PSB Academy, is one of the largest, leading private education institutions in Singapore. Formerly part of the Productivity and Standards Board of Singapore , the institution has been instrumental in stimulating productivity improvement and innovation within the country’s workforce...

's two main campuses in Singapore
Singapore
Singapore , officially the Republic of Singapore, is a Southeast Asian city-state off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, north of the equator. An island country made up of 63 islands, it is separated from Malaysia by the Straits of Johor to its north and from Indonesia's Riau Islands by the...

.

Faculties and schools

The University has five faculties offering a wide range of programs. The faculties are Business and Law, Education and Arts, Engineering and the Built Environment, Health, and Science and Information Technology.

The Faculty of Business and Law contains the following schools:
  • Newcastle Business School
  • Newcastle Law School


The Faculty of Education and Arts contains the following schools:
  • School of Drama, Fine Art and Music (incorporating the Conservatorium)
  • School of Education
  • School of Humanities and Social Science


The Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment contains the following schools:
  • School of Architecture and Built Environment
  • School of Engineering
  • School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science


The Faculty of Science and Information Technology contains the following schools:
  • School of Design, Communication and Information Technology
  • School of Environmental and Life Sciences
  • School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences
  • School of Psychology


The Faculty of Health contains the following schools:
  • School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy
  • School of Health Sciences
  • School of Medicine and Public Health
  • School of Nursing and Midwifery


The University also offers programs tailored to Indigenous students through the The Wollotuka Institute. Additionally, the English Language and Foundation Studies Centre provides preparatory programs for both domestic and international students wishing to be admitted to tertiary programs.

Campuses

The university has five campuses, located at Callaghan, Ourimbah, Port Macquarie, Singapore and Sydney CBD. The university also has three premises within the Newcastle city centre.

Newcastle (Callaghan campus)

The Callaghan campus is the university’s main and largest campus. It is located in the Newcastle suburb of Callaghan situated approximately 12 kilometres (7 mi) from Newcastle CBD. The campus is placed on 140 hectares (346 acre) of natural bushland within which the university’s numerous buildings are located. Many of the university's operations are run out of the Callaghan campus, including student administration, course and degree program planning, and the university's Teaching and Learning division. All the major faculties are based on the campus. The campus also has access to the Auchmuty and Huxley libraries. Various other facilities are available on the campus, including several sporting fields, a sports and aquatic centre, and four on-campus residential colleges (Edwards Hall, International House, Evatt House and Barahineban).

Central Coast (Ourimbah campus)

Ourimbah Campus
Ourimbah Campus
The Ourimbah Campus is a multi-sector campus which offers University, TAFE and Community College programs and courses. The Ourimbah campus is a partnership of The University of Newcastle and TAFE NSW - Hunter Institute. Affiliates are the Central Coast Community College and the Central Coast...

 is a cross-institutional campus with both the University of Newcastle, TAFE NSW - Hunter Institute, and the Central Coast Community College having a presence on campus. It is located in the Central Coast suburb of Ourimbah. The Faculties of Business and Law, Education and Arts, Science and Information Technology, and Health all have a presence on the campus. In total they provide sixteen degree programs, five of these are exclusive to the campus.

Port Macquarie campus

The University of Newcastle has a presence on the TAFE NSW - North Coast Institute
North Coast Institute of TAFE
The North Coast Institute of TAFE is set on the New South Wales north coast, with a large student population of approximately 40,000. It has 17 different campus locations, stretching from Forster in the south to Kingscliff, near the Queensland border....

 Port Macquarie Campus. The university provides three degree programs at the campus, including one of the university’s enabling programs – Open Foundation.

Singapore campus

The Singapore Campus is the university's first overseas campus, which includes both the Delta Campus and the Henderson Campus of PSB Academy
PSB Academy
PSB Academy, is one of the largest, leading private education institutions in Singapore. Formerly part of the Productivity and Standards Board of Singapore , the institution has been instrumental in stimulating productivity improvement and innovation within the country’s workforce...

 in the Central Region
Central Region, Singapore
The Central Region of Singapore is one of the five regions in the city-state. Comprising 13,150 hectares of land area, it includes 11 Planning Areas within the Central Area which is the immediate vicinity of the Singapore's central business district, as well as another 11 more outside it.Although...

 (Tiong Bahru) of Singapore. This new campus covers an area of 19000 square metres (204,514 sq ft) behind the Tiong Bahru Plaza
Tiong Bahru Plaza
Tiong Bahru Plaza is a shopping mall located in the northern part of the Tiong Bahru Estate in Singapore, near Tiong Bahru Road, Jalan Membina and Bukit Ho Swee Crescent...

.

Sydney CBD campus

The University of Newcastle Sydney CBD campus provides a number of postgraduate degree programs from the Faculty of Business and Law and the English Language and Foundation Studies Centre. The campus is located in the Sydney CBD.

Newcastle city precinct

The University of Newcastle also has a presence on three sites within the Newcastle CBD. The School of Music and Conservatorium is located in the Civic Theatre precinct, the School of Law, Legal Centre, and Graduate School of Business are located in University House, and the Newcastle Institute of Public Health is located in the David Maddison Building on the site of the Royal Newcastle Hospital. University House is a landmark Art Deco
Art Deco
Art deco , or deco, is an eclectic artistic and design style that began in Paris in the 1920s and flourished internationally throughout the 1930s, into the World War II era. The style influenced all areas of design, including architecture and interior design, industrial design, fashion and...

 sandstone
Sandstone
Sandstone is a sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-sized minerals or rock grains.Most sandstone is composed of quartz and/or feldspar because these are the most common minerals in the Earth's crust. Like sand, sandstone may be any colour, but the most common colours are tan, brown, yellow,...

 building directly opposite Civic Park.

Student body and organisations

The University has a student population of just over 30,300 (including part time students) as of 2008, including 6773 international students from more than 115 countries.

The university is recognised for its commitment to equity in education and consistently enrols more Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders than any other Australian university. The university has also graduated more than 60% of the nation's indigenous doctors.

Students at the Callaghan Campus of the university are represented by the Newcastle University Students' Association
Newcastle University Students' Association
The Newcastle University Students' Association represents undergraduate students at the University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia. The organisation is one of four student organisations at the university and focuses on advocacy, political representation and organising...

 (NUSA), UoN Services Limited (UoN Services), Newcastle University Postgraduate Student Association (NUPSA); while students at Ourimbah Campus are represented by Campus Central.

UoN Services is responsible for the social life of the university, as well as most of the commercial facilities on campus. It organises all the main entertainment events, usually performed at the University's two licensed venues, the Bar on the Hill and the Tanner Bar. Apart from student contributions (which have dropped significantly since the abolition of universal student unionism
Voluntary student unionism
Voluntary student unionism is a policy, notable in Australia, under which membership of – and payment of membership fees to – university student organisations is voluntary....

), the UoN Services generates income from the stores, restaurants and bars on the Callaghan and city campuses.

NUSA and NUPSA are primarily advocacy organisations, representing students on a variety of issues from political activism to the internal organisation of the University. NUSA also produces Opus
Opus (magazine)
Opus is a student newspaper published at the University of Newcastle, Australia by the Newcastle University Students' Association . Opus was founded in 1954 by then economics lecturer Cyril Renwick, at what was then the Newcastle University College of the University of New South Wales, in the...

, the University's magazine written by and for students.

Campus Central (Central Coast Campus Union Limited T/A Campus Central) is a single organisation looking after all the interests (commercial, sporting and advocacy) of students at the Ourimbah campus.

Library

The University of Newcastle library consists of numerous libraries across a number of the university’s campuses. This includes The Auchmuty library, The Huxley library, The Ourimbah library and the City Precinct library. The largest of these libraries is The Auchmuty Library on the Callaghan campus which holds a significant traditional collection, including rare books and archives. In addition to The Auchmuty library, the Callaghan campus has a smaller secondary library known as The Huxley library. The Huxley library primarily supports a collection for a number of schools, including education, nursing, and fine arts. The Ourimbah library on the Central Coast campus holds a collection of both university and TAFE texts to facilitate the needs of the joint campus. An information common similar to the one located in the Auchmuty library is also available. The City Precinct library is also part of The University of Newcastle library. The whole catalogue of the library is available across any of the libraries. The library is a member of the Council of Australian University Librarians
Council of Australian University Librarians
The Council of Australian University Librarians is a representation body for university libraries of Australia. It was established as the Committee of Australian University Librarians in 1965...

. The University library also holds New South Wales state archives that have been held by the university since 1975. The state archives reside within the University Archives and consists of a collection of approximately 600 linear shelf metres.

Sporting facilities

The university offers access to a number of sporting facilities across its campuses. The Callaghan campus has the majority of these facilities; this includes six sporting ovals, squash & tennis courts, and a sports and aquatic centre. NUsports manages these facilities through an organisation known as "The Forum". "The Forum Sports & Aquatic Centre, University" boasts an olympic-sized swimming pool, one of the highest climbing walls in the country, and various other sporting facilities. It is also the site of training for sport teams including the Newcastle Knights
Newcastle Knights
The Newcastle Knights are an Australian professional rugby league football club based in Newcastle, New South Wales. They compete in Australasia's premier rugby league competition, the National Rugby League premiership...

 from National Rugby League
National Rugby League
The National Rugby League is the top league of professional rugby league football clubs in Australasia. The NRL's main competition, called the Telstra Premiership , is contested by sixteen teams, fifteen of which are based in Australia with one based in New Zealand...

 (NRL), the Newcastle Jets from the A-League
A-League
The A-League is the top Australasian professional football league. Run by Australian governing body Football Federation Australia , it was founded in 2004 following the folding of the National Soccer League and staged its inaugural season in 2005–06. It is sponsored by Hyundai Motor Company...

 and the Hunter Hurricanes National League Water Polo team. The Forum also has a centre near the Newcastle CBD known as "The Forum, Harbourside".

Rankings and reputations

Research produced by the Melbourne Institute in 2006 ranked Australian universities across seven main discipline areas: Arts & Humanities, Business & Economics, Education, Engineering, Law, Medicine, and Science. For each discipline, University of Newcastle was ranked:
Discipline R 1 No. R 2 No.
Arts & Humanities 15 38 14 38
Business & Economics 20 39 26 38
Education 15 35 17 32
Engineering 8 28 7 28
Law 20 29 22 28
Medicine 10 14 10 13
Science 16 38 14 35
  • R1 refers to Australian and overseas Academics' rankings in tables 3.1 - 3.7 of the report.
  • R2 refers to the Articles and Research rankings in tables 5.1 - 5.7 of the report.
  • No. refers to the total number of institutions in the table against which University of Newcastle is compared.

Notable alumni

  • David Berthold
    David Berthold
    David Berthold is a leading Australian theatre director. He has directed for most of Australia's major theatre companies, as well as internationally. Since November 2008, he has been Artistic Director and Chief Executive Officer of La Boite Theatre Company...

    , Australian theatre director.
  • John Bell
    John Bell (actor)
    John Anthony Bell, AO, OBE is an Australian actor and theatre director.Bell was born 1 November 1940 in the town of Maitland, New South Wales where he was educated at the Marist Brothers....

    , Founder of Bell Shakespeare Company
    Bell Shakespeare Company
    Bell Shakespeare is an Australian theatre company specialising in the works of William Shakespeare. It was founded in 1990 by John Bell..Bell Shakespeare is Australia's only national touring theatre company. Its current practice is to tour three mainstage productions to each Australian state in...

    .
  • Jonathan Biggins
    Jonathan Biggins
    Jonathan Biggins , is an Australian actor, singer, writer and comedian. He has appeared on film, stage and television, as well as in satirical sketch comedy television programs...

    , Australian actor, singer, writer and comedian.
  • Paul A. Broad
    Paul A. Broad
    Paul A. Broad is an Australian economist known for his management of government business departments. In 2011 he was appointed as the Chief Executive Officer of Infrastructure NSW...

    , CEO of Infrastructure NSW
    New South Wales
    New South Wales is a state of :Australia, located in the east of the country. It is bordered by Queensland, Victoria and South Australia to the north, south and west respectively. To the east, the state is bordered by the Tasman Sea, which forms part of the Pacific Ocean. New South Wales...

  • John Doyle
    John Doyle (comedian)
    John Partick Doyle AM is an award-winning Australian actor, writer, radio presenter and comedian.-Early life:Doyle was born in Lithgow, New South Wales in 1953 into a music-loving, Catholic household with three sisters and a brother. His mother was a business woman and father a railway fettler...

    , Australian actor, broadcaster and comedian, better known as Rampaging Roy Slaven, one half of broadcasting duo Roy and HG
    Roy and HG
    Roy & HG is an Australian comedy duo, comprising Greig Pickhaver in the role of "H [Harry] G Nelson" and John Doyle as "'Rampaging' Roy Slaven". Their act is an affectionate but irreverent parody of Australia's obsession with sport. Their characters based on archetypes in sports journalism: Nelson...

     with Greig Pickhaver
    Greig Pickhaver
    alt=Greig Pickhaver|thumb|In May 2010Greig Pickhaver AM is an actor, comedian and writer, who forms one half of the Australian sports comedy duo Roy and HG...

    .
  • Professor Sandra Eades, Australia's first Aboriginal medical practitioner and researcher to be awarded a Doctorate of Philosophy, and NSW Woman of the Year for 2006.
  • Pete Gray
    Pete Gray (activist)
    Peter Robert Gray was an Australian environmental activist, notable for two "landmark" court cases, and for having thrown his shoes in public at former Prime Minister of Australia John Howard in protest over Australia's participation in the 2003 invasion of Iraq.He was described in an obituary in...

    , Australian environmental activist.
  • John Hughes (writer)
    John Hughes (writer)
    John Hughes is a Sydney-based Australian writer and teacher. His first book of autobiographical essays, The Idea Of Home, published by Giramondo in 2004, was widely acclaimed and won both the New South Wales Premier's Literary Awards for Non-Fiction and the National Biography Award .-The Idea of...

     Sydney-based Australian writer and teacher.
  • Cheryl Kernot
    Cheryl Kernot
    Cheryl Kernot is an Australian politician, academic, and political activist. She was a member of the Australian Senate representing Queensland for the Australian Democrats from 1990 to 1997, and the fifth leader of the Australian Democrats from 1993 to 1997...

    , former Australian Democrats
    Australian Democrats
    The Australian Democrats is an Australian political party espousing a socially liberal ideology. It was formed in 1977, by a merger of the Australia Party and the New LM, after principals of those minor parties secured the commitment of former Liberal minister Don Chipp, as a high profile leader...

     leader and Australian Labor Party
    Australian Labor Party
    The Australian Labor Party is an Australian political party. It has been the governing party of the Commonwealth of Australia since the 2007 federal election. Julia Gillard is the party's federal parliamentary leader and Prime Minister of Australia...

     MP.
  • Kevin Lindgren
    Kevin Lindgren
    The Honourable Justice Kevin Lindgren is a judge of the Federal Court of Australia, having been appointed on the 26th of July, 1994.-References:...

    , Australian Federal Court Judge.
  • Gary Quinlan, Australian Ambassador to the United Nations
    United Nations
    The United Nations is an international organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace...

    .
  • Mikey Robins
    Mikey Robins
    Mikel Mason "Mikey" Robins is an Australian media personality, comedian and writer. He is best-known for the satirical game show Good News Week, which ran on the ABC and Network Ten between 1996 and 2000, and returned again when the series was resurrected in February 2008.-Personal life/health...

    , Australian comedian and television personality.
  • Madhav Dahal, Vice president of technology, YAVA technologies, Canada
    Canada
    Canada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean...

  • Tony Vinson
    Tony Vinson
    Tony Vinson AM is "one of Australia's leading social scientists and outspoken public intellectuals", an honorary Doctor of Letters in Social Work from the University of Sydney, as well as being an Honorary Professor in the School of Social Work and Policy Studies at the University of Sydney from...

    , Australian academic.
  • Janeen Webb
    Janeen Webb
    Janeen Webb is an Australian writer, critic, and editor working mainly in the field of science fiction and fantasy.-Biography:...

    , author and critic.
  • Khaw Boon Wan
    Khaw Boon Wan
    Khaw Boon Wan is a politician from Singapore. He is currently the country's Minister for National Development and the Chairman of the governing People's Action Party . He was previously the Minister for Health from August 2004 to May 2011...

    , cabinet minister in Singapore
    Singapore
    Singapore , officially the Republic of Singapore, is a Southeast Asian city-state off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, north of the equator. An island country made up of 63 islands, it is separated from Malaysia by the Straits of Johor to its north and from Indonesia's Riau Islands by the...

    .
  • Steve Abbott, Australian actor and comedian, better known as his comedic character, The Sandman.
  • Juan Carlos Eugene Soler, Architect, 2009 grand winner of International Glass Architectural Design Competition in Tokyo, Japan
    Japan
    Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...

    .

External links

The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.  The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
 
x
OK