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Francesca da Rimini or Francesca da Polenta (1255 – 1285) was the daughter of Guido da Polenta, lord of Ravenna
Ravenna

Ravenna is a city and comune in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. The city is inland, but is connected to the Adriatic Sea by a canal. Ravenna once served as the seat of the Western Roman Empire and later the Ostrogoths and the Exarchate of Ravenna....
. She was a historical contemporary of Dante Alighieri
Dante Alighieri

Durante degli Alighieri , commonly known as Dante Alighieri, was a Florence poet of the Middle Ages. His Magnum opus, the Divine Comedy , is often considered the greatest literary work composed in the Italian language and a masterpiece of world literature....
, who portrayed her as a character in the Divine Comedy.

lass="link1" onMouseover='showByLink("m3899125",this)' onMouseout='hide("m3899125")'href="http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Guido_I_da_Polenta">Guido I da Polenta
Guido I da Polenta

Guido I da Polenta was lord of Ravenna from 1275 until his death.The son of Lamberto da Polenta, he was ousted from Ravenna by the imperial troops in 1240....
 had been at war with the Malatesta family
House of Malatesta

The House of Malatesta was an Italian family that ruled over Rimini from 1295 until 1500, as well as other lands and towns in Romagna.Malatesta da Verucchio , a Guelphs leader, became podest? of Rimini in 1239 and made himself sole master of the city after the expulsion of the family's Ghibellines rivals, the Parcitati, in 1295....
.






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Gianciotto Discovers Paolo and Francesca Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres
Francesca da Rimini or Francesca da Polenta (1255 – 1285) was the daughter of Guido da Polenta, lord of Ravenna
Ravenna

Ravenna is a city and comune in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. The city is inland, but is connected to the Adriatic Sea by a canal. Ravenna once served as the seat of the Western Roman Empire and later the Ostrogoths and the Exarchate of Ravenna....
. She was a historical contemporary of Dante Alighieri
Dante Alighieri

Durante degli Alighieri , commonly known as Dante Alighieri, was a Florence poet of the Middle Ages. His Magnum opus, the Divine Comedy , is often considered the greatest literary work composed in the Italian language and a masterpiece of world literature....
, who portrayed her as a character in the Divine Comedy.

Arranged marriage

Guido I da Polenta
Guido I da Polenta

Guido I da Polenta was lord of Ravenna from 1275 until his death.The son of Lamberto da Polenta, he was ousted from Ravenna by the imperial troops in 1240....
 had been at war with the Malatesta family
House of Malatesta

The House of Malatesta was an Italian family that ruled over Rimini from 1295 until 1500, as well as other lands and towns in Romagna.Malatesta da Verucchio , a Guelphs leader, became podest? of Rimini in 1239 and made himself sole master of the city after the expulsion of the family's Ghibellines rivals, the Parcitati, in 1295....
. When a peace was negotiated, Guido wanted to solidify it by marrying his daughter Francesca to the Malatestan heir, Giovanni Malatesta
Giovanni Malatesta

Giovanni Malatesta , known, from his lameness, as Gianciotto, or Giovanni, lo Sciancato, was the eldest son of Malatesta da Verucchio of Rimini....
 (Gianciotto), son of Malatesta da Verucchio
Malatesta da Verucchio

Malatesta da Verucchio was the founder of the powerful Italian House of Malatesta and a famous condottiero. He was born in Verucchio.He was originally the leader of the Guelphs in Romagna and became podest? of Rimini in 1239....
, lord of Rimini
Rimini

Rimini is a city in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy and capital city of the Province of Rimini. It is located on the Adriatic Sea, near the coast between the rivers Marecchia and Ausa ....
. Giovanni was brave but deformed. Guido knew Francesca would refuse Giovanni, so the wedding
Wedding

File:Pimenov SvadbaOnTomorrowStreet.jpgA wedding is the ceremony in which two people are united in marriage. Wedding traditions and customs vary greatly between cultures, ethnic groups, religions, country, and social classes....
 was performed by proxy through Giovanni's handsome brother, Paolo
Paolo Malatesta

Paolo Malatesta was the third son of Malatesta da Verucchio, lord of Rimini. He his best known for his love story with Francesca da Polenta, portrayed by Dante in a famous episode of his Inferno ....
.

Francesca fell in love with Paolo and was unaware of the deception until the morning after the wedding day.

According to Dante, Francesca and Paolo were seduced by reading the story of Lancelot
Lancelot

In the Arthurian legend, Sir Lancelot is one of the Knights of the Round Tables of the Round Table . He is typically considered to be one of the greatest and most trusted of King Arthur's knights and plays a part in many of Arthur's victories....
 and Guinevere
Guinevere

Guinevere was the legendary queen consort of King Arthur. She was most famous for her love affair with Arthur's chief knight Sir Lancelot, which first appears in Chr?tien de Troyes' Lancelot, the Knight of the Cart....
, and became lovers. Subsequently they were surprised and murdered by Giovanni before they were able to repent. However, it is likely that the adultery was much more calculated. Both Francesca and the also-married Paolo had their own children. Dante used the romance of Lancelot in order to fit within the scheme of lyric love poetry, which Francesca emulates in her lines of Inferno
Inferno

Inferno is the Italian term for Hell, also used in English for a large uncontrolled fire. It may also refer to:...
s Canto V.

The name "Francesca" became popular among aristocrats.

Related works


Poetry

  • Dante
    DANTE

    DANTE is a not-for-profit organisation that plans, builds and operates the international networks that interconnect the various National Research and Education Networks in Europe and surrounding regions....
    ,     Divine Comedy. (Inferno, Canto V), (1308-1321)
  • Leigh Hunt
    Leigh Hunt

    James Henry Leigh Hunt was an England critic, essayist, poet and writer....
    ,     The Story of Rimini (1816).


Theatre and opera

  • Silvio Pellico
    Silvio Pellico

    Silvio Pellico was an Italy writer, poet, dramatist and patriot....
    ,     Francesca da Rimini. (1818). Tragedy.
  • George Henry Boker
    George Henry Boker

    George Henry Boker was an American poet, playwright, and diplomat....
    ,     Francesca da Rimini. (1853). Play.
  • Gabriele d'Annunzio
    Gabriele D'Annunzio

    Gabriele d'Annunzio was an Italy poet, journalist, novelist, dramatist, and daredevil who went on to have a controversial role in politics as an influence on the Italian Fascist movement and the alleged forerunner of Benito Mussolini....
    ,     Francesca da Rimini. Tragedy written (1901) for d'Annunzio's mistress
    Mistress (lover)

    A mistress is a man's long-term female sexual partner and companion who is not marriage to him, especially used when the man is married to another woman....
    , Eleonora Duse
    Eleonora Duse

    Eleonora Duse , was an Italian people actress, often known simply as Duse....
    .
  • Francis Marion Crawford
    Francis Marion Crawford

    Francis Marion Crawford was an United States writer noted for his many novels.He was born at Bagni di Lucca, Italy, the son of the American sculptor Thomas Crawford and Louisa Cutler Ward, and the nephew of Julia Ward Howe, the American poet....
    ,     Francesca da Rimini. (1902). Play.
  • Sergei Rachmaninoff
    Sergei Rachmaninoff

    Sergei Vasilievich Rachmaninoff was a Russian composer, pianist, and conducting. He was one of the finest pianists of his day and, as a composer, the last great representative of Russian late Romantic music in classical music....
    ,     Francesca da Rimini. Opera (1906).
  • Riccardo Zandonai
    Riccardo Zandonai

    Riccardo Zandonai was an Italy opera composer....
    ,     Francesca da Rimini
    Francesca da Rimini (Zandonai)

    Francesca da Rimini is an opera in four acts, composed by Riccardo Zandonai, with libretto by Casa Ricordi, , after a play by Gabriele D'Annunzio....
    . Opera (1914).


Music

  • Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
    Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky

    Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky – ) was a Russian composer of the Romantic music era. He wrote some of the most popular concert and theatrical music in the current classical repertoire, including the ballets Swan Lake and Nutcracker, the 1812 Overture, his Piano Concerto No....
    ,     Francesca da Rimini. Symphonic Poem
    Francesca da Rimini (Tchaikovsky)

    Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's symphonic poem Francesca da Rimini: Symphonic Fantasy after Dante, Op. 32 was composed in less than three weeks during his visit to Bayreuth in the autumn of 1876....
      (1876).


Art

  • Joseph Anton Koch
    Joseph Anton Koch

    Joseph Anton Koch was an Austrian painter of the German Romanticism movement. The Tyrolese painter left academic training in the Karlsschule Stuttgart, a strict military academy, and traveled through France and Switzerland....
    ,     Paolo and Francesca Surprised by Gianciotto (1805-10). Watercolor, Thorvaldsen Museum, Copenhagen
    Copenhagen

    Copenhagen is the capital and largest city of Denmark, with an urban area with a population of 1,153,615 . Copenhagen is situated on the Islands of Zealand and Amager....
    .
  • Marie-Philippe Coupin de la Couperie
    Marie-Philippe Coupin de la Couperie

    Marie-Philippe Coupin de la Couperie was a French painter of the Troubadour style. He was a friend of the painter Anne-Louis Girodet de Roussy-Trioson....
    ,     The Tragic Love of Francesca da Rimini (1812). Oil on canvas, Napoleon Museum, Arenberg
    Arenberg

    Arenberg is a historic county, principality and finally duchy located in modern Germany. The House of Arenberg remain a Belgian nobility#Princely houses....
  • Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, Paolo and Francesca (1819). Oil on canvas. , Angers
    Angers

    Angers is a city in the Maine-et-Loire Departments of France in northwestern France about south-west of Paris. Angers is located in the French region known by its pre-revolutionary, provincial name, Anjou, and its inhabitants are called Angevins....
    , France.
  • Ary Scheffer
    Ary Scheffer

    Ary Scheffer , France Painting of the Netherlands extraction, was born in Dordrecht....
    ,     Francesca da Rimini and Paolo Malatesta appraised by Dante and Virgil (1835). Oil on canvas. Wallace Collection
    Wallace Collection

    The Wallace Collection is a museum in London, with a world-famous range of Fine art and decorative arts from the fifteenth to the nineteenth centuries with large holdings of French 18th-century paintings, furniture, arms & armour, porcelain and Old Master paintings arranged into 25 galleries....
    , London
    London

    London is the capital of both England and the United Kingdom, and the most populous municipality in the European Union. An important settlement for two millennia, History of London goes back to its founding by the Roman Empire....
    .
  • Ary Scheffer
    Ary Scheffer

    Ary Scheffer , France Painting of the Netherlands extraction, was born in Dordrecht....
    ,     Francesca da Rimini and Paolo Malatesta appraised by Dante and Virgil (1855). Oil on canvas. Louvre
    Louvre

    The Louvre Museum , located in Paris, is a historic monument, and a national museum of France. It is a central landmark, located on the Rive Droite of the Seine in the 1st arrondissement of Paris ....
    , Paris
    Paris

    Paris is the Capital of France and the country's largest city. It is situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the ?le-de-France Regions of France ....
    .
  • Gustave Doré
    Gustave Doré

    Paul Gustave Dor? was a France artist, engraver, illustrator and sculpture. Dor? worked primarily with wood engraving and steel engraving....
    ,     Francesca da Rimini (illustration to Dante
    DANTE

    DANTE is a not-for-profit organisation that plans, builds and operates the international networks that interconnect the various National Research and Education Networks in Europe and surrounding regions....
    's     Inferno, 1857).
  • Alexandre Cabanel
    Alexandre Cabanel

    Alexandre Cabanel was a France Painting.Cabanel was born in Montpellier, H?rault. He painted historical, classical and religious subjects in the academic style....
    ,     The Death of Francesca da Rimini and Paolo Malatesta (1870). Oil on canvas. Musée d'Orsay
    Musée d'Orsay

    The Mus?e d'Orsay is a museum in Paris, France, on the left bank of the Seine, housed in the former railway station, the Gare d'Orsay. It holds mainly French art dating from 1848 to 1915, including paintings, sculptures, furniture, and Fine art photography, and is probably best known for its extensive collection of impressionist masterpieces...
    , Paris
    Paris

    Paris is the Capital of France and the country's largest city. It is situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the ?le-de-France Regions of France ....
    .
  • Auguste Rodin, The Kiss
    The Kiss (Rodin sculpture)

    The Kiss is an 1889 marble sculpture by the France sculptor Auguste Rodin. Like many of Rodin's best-known individual sculptures, including The Thinker, the embracing couple depicted in the sculpture appeared originally as part of a group of reliefs decorating Rodin's monumental bronze portal The Gates of Hell, commissioned for...
    . Marble sculpture (1888), Musée Rodin
    Musée Rodin

    The Mus?e Rodin in Paris, France, is a museum that was opened in 1919 in the H?tel Biron and surrounding grounds. It displays works by the France sculpture Auguste Rodin....
    , Paris
    Paris

    Paris is the Capital of France and the country's largest city. It is situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the ?le-de-France Regions of France ....
    .


External links

  • Multimedia website that includes gallery of images of the Paolo and Francesca episode.
  • Includes images of related artworks.
  • Google Books edition of Leigh Hunt's poem.