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Digestive enzyme
 
 
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Digestion enzymes are enzyme
Enzyme

Enzymes are biomolecules that catalysis chemical reactions. Almost all enzymes are proteins. In enzymatic reactions, the molecules at the beginning of the process are called Substrate , and the enzyme converts them into different molecules, the products....
s that break down polymer
Polymer

A polymer is a large molecule composed of repeating structural units typically connected by covalent chemical bonds. While polymer in popular usage suggests plastic, the term actually refers to a large class of natural and synthetic materials with a variety of properties....
ic macromolecule
Macromolecule

The term macromolecule by definition implies "large molecule". In the context of biochemistry, the term may be applied to the four conventional biopolymers , as well as non-polymeric molecules with large molecular mass such as macrocycles....
s into their smaller building blocks. Digestive enzymes are found in the digestive tract of animals or humans where they aid in the digestion
Digestion

Digestion is the mechanical and chemical breaking down of food into smaller components, to a form that can be Absorption, for instance, by a blood stream....
 of food
Food

Food is any substance, usually composed of carbohydrates, fats, proteins and water, that can be Eating or Drinking by an animal or human for nutrition or pleasure....
 as well as inside cells
Cell (biology)

The cell is the structural and functional unit of all known Life organisms. It is the smallest unit of an organism that is classified as living, and is often called the building bricks of life....
, especially in their lysosome
Lysosome

Lysosomes are organelles that contain digestive enzymes . Some biologists say they can only be found in animal cells, but there is new evidence that supports that they may exist in plant cells....
s. Enzymes are also found in your saliva, which are made from your salivary glands.

Digestion enzymes are classified by their substrates: protease
Protease

A protease is any enzyme that conducts proteolysis, that is, begins protein catabolism by hydrolysis of the peptide bonds that link amino acids together in the polypeptide chain, which form a molecule of protein....
s and peptidases split protein
Protein

Proteins are organic compounds made of amino acids arranged in a linear chain and joined together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of adjacent amino acid Residue ....
s into amino acid
Amino acid

In chemistry, an amino acid is a molecule containing both amine and carboxyl functional groups. These molecules are particularly important in biochemistry, where this term refers to alpha-amino acids with the general formula H2NCHRCOOH, where R is an organic substituent....
s, lipase
Lipase

A lipase is a water-soluble enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ester chemical bond in water?insoluble, lipid substrates. Lipases thus comprise a subclass of the esterases....
s split fat
Fat

Fats consist of a wide group of compounds that are generally soluble in organic solvents and largely insoluble in water. Chemistry, fats are generally ester of glycerol and fatty acids....
 into fatty acid
Fatty acid

In chemistry, especially biochemistry, a fatty acid is a carboxylic acid often with a long unbranched aliphatic tail , which is either saturation or Unsaturated compound....
s, carbohydrase
Carbohydrase

Carbohydrase acts on carbohydrates of which are made from the elements carbon,hydrogen and oxygen.After reacting these elements are arranged into rings, where 1 ring is a monosacheride, 2 rings are disacharides, many rings are polysacharides....
s split carbohydrate
Carbohydrate

Carbohydrates or saccharides are the most abundant of the four major classes of biomolecules. They fill numerous roles in living things, such as the storage and transport of energy and structural components ....
s such as starch
Starch

File:Amylose2.svgFile:Amylopektin Sessel.svgStarch or amylum is a polysaccharide carbohydrate consisting of a large number of glucose units joined together by glycosidic bonds....
 into sugar
Sugar

Sugar is a class of edible crystalline substances, mainly sucrose, lactose, and fructose. Human taste buds interpret its flavor as sweet. Sugar as a basic food carbohydrate primarily comes from sugar cane and from sugar beet, but also appears in fruit, honey, sorghum, sugar maple , and in many other sources....
s, and nuclease
Nuclease

A nuclease is an enzyme capable of cleaving the phosphodiester bonds between the nucleotide subunits of nucleic acids. Older papers may use terms such as "polynucleotidase" or "nucleodepolymerase"....
s split nucleic acid
Nucleic acid

A nucleic acid is a macromolecule composed of chains of monomeric nucleotides. In biochemistry these molecules carry genetic information or form structures within Cell ....
s into nucleotides.

In the human digestive system, the main sites of digestion are the oral cavity, the stomach
Stomach

In most mammals, the stomach is a hollow muscular organ of the gastrointestinal tract involved in the second phase of digestion, following mastication....
, the duodenum
Duodenum

The duodenum is the first section of the small intestine in most higher vertebrates, including mammals, reptiles, and birds. In fish, the divisions of the small intestine are not as clear and the terms anterior intestine or proximal intestine may be used instead of duodenum....
, and the jejunum
Jejunum

The jejunum is the middle section of the small intestine in most higher vertebrates, including mammals, reptiles, and birds. In fish, the divisions of the small intestine are not as clear and the terms middle intestine or mid-gut may be used instead of jejunum....
 and digestive enzymes are secreted by different glands: the salivary gland
Salivary gland

The salivary glands in mammals are exocrine glands that produce saliva. They also secrete amylase, an enzyme that breaks down starch into glucose. In other organisms such as Insecta, salivary glands are often used to produce biologically important proteins like silk or glues, and fly salivary glands contain polytene chromosomes that have been usefu...
s, the glands in the stomach
Stomach

In most mammals, the stomach is a hollow muscular organ of the gastrointestinal tract involved in the second phase of digestion, following mastication....
, the pancreas
Pancreas

The pancreas is a gland Organ in the digestive system and endocrine system of vertebrates. It is both an endocrine gland , as well as an exocrine gland, secreting pancreatic juice containing Digestion enzymes that pass to the small intestine....
, and the glands in the small intestine
Small intestine

In vertebrates, including mammals, reptiles, birds, and bony fish, the small intestine is the part of the gastrointestinal tract following the stomach, and is where the vast majority of digestion takes place....
s.

he oral cavity, salivary glands secrete (or create) ptyalin.






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Encyclopedia


Digestion enzymes are enzyme
Enzyme

Enzymes are biomolecules that catalysis chemical reactions. Almost all enzymes are proteins. In enzymatic reactions, the molecules at the beginning of the process are called Substrate , and the enzyme converts them into different molecules, the products....
s that break down polymer
Polymer

A polymer is a large molecule composed of repeating structural units typically connected by covalent chemical bonds. While polymer in popular usage suggests plastic, the term actually refers to a large class of natural and synthetic materials with a variety of properties....
ic macromolecule
Macromolecule

The term macromolecule by definition implies "large molecule". In the context of biochemistry, the term may be applied to the four conventional biopolymers , as well as non-polymeric molecules with large molecular mass such as macrocycles....
s into their smaller building blocks. Digestive enzymes are found in the digestive tract of animals or humans where they aid in the digestion
Digestion

Digestion is the mechanical and chemical breaking down of food into smaller components, to a form that can be Absorption, for instance, by a blood stream....
 of food
Food

Food is any substance, usually composed of carbohydrates, fats, proteins and water, that can be Eating or Drinking by an animal or human for nutrition or pleasure....
 as well as inside cells
Cell (biology)

The cell is the structural and functional unit of all known Life organisms. It is the smallest unit of an organism that is classified as living, and is often called the building bricks of life....
, especially in their lysosome
Lysosome

Lysosomes are organelles that contain digestive enzymes . Some biologists say they can only be found in animal cells, but there is new evidence that supports that they may exist in plant cells....
s. Enzymes are also found in your saliva, which are made from your salivary glands.

Digestion enzymes are classified by their substrates: protease
Protease

A protease is any enzyme that conducts proteolysis, that is, begins protein catabolism by hydrolysis of the peptide bonds that link amino acids together in the polypeptide chain, which form a molecule of protein....
s and peptidases split protein
Protein

Proteins are organic compounds made of amino acids arranged in a linear chain and joined together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of adjacent amino acid Residue ....
s into amino acid
Amino acid

In chemistry, an amino acid is a molecule containing both amine and carboxyl functional groups. These molecules are particularly important in biochemistry, where this term refers to alpha-amino acids with the general formula H2NCHRCOOH, where R is an organic substituent....
s, lipase
Lipase

A lipase is a water-soluble enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ester chemical bond in water?insoluble, lipid substrates. Lipases thus comprise a subclass of the esterases....
s split fat
Fat

Fats consist of a wide group of compounds that are generally soluble in organic solvents and largely insoluble in water. Chemistry, fats are generally ester of glycerol and fatty acids....
 into fatty acid
Fatty acid

In chemistry, especially biochemistry, a fatty acid is a carboxylic acid often with a long unbranched aliphatic tail , which is either saturation or Unsaturated compound....
s, carbohydrase
Carbohydrase

Carbohydrase acts on carbohydrates of which are made from the elements carbon,hydrogen and oxygen.After reacting these elements are arranged into rings, where 1 ring is a monosacheride, 2 rings are disacharides, many rings are polysacharides....
s split carbohydrate
Carbohydrate

Carbohydrates or saccharides are the most abundant of the four major classes of biomolecules. They fill numerous roles in living things, such as the storage and transport of energy and structural components ....
s such as starch
Starch

File:Amylose2.svgFile:Amylopektin Sessel.svgStarch or amylum is a polysaccharide carbohydrate consisting of a large number of glucose units joined together by glycosidic bonds....
 into sugar
Sugar

Sugar is a class of edible crystalline substances, mainly sucrose, lactose, and fructose. Human taste buds interpret its flavor as sweet. Sugar as a basic food carbohydrate primarily comes from sugar cane and from sugar beet, but also appears in fruit, honey, sorghum, sugar maple , and in many other sources....
s, and nuclease
Nuclease

A nuclease is an enzyme capable of cleaving the phosphodiester bonds between the nucleotide subunits of nucleic acids. Older papers may use terms such as "polynucleotidase" or "nucleodepolymerase"....
s split nucleic acid
Nucleic acid

A nucleic acid is a macromolecule composed of chains of monomeric nucleotides. In biochemistry these molecules carry genetic information or form structures within Cell ....
s into nucleotides.

In the human digestive system, the main sites of digestion are the oral cavity, the stomach
Stomach

In most mammals, the stomach is a hollow muscular organ of the gastrointestinal tract involved in the second phase of digestion, following mastication....
, the duodenum
Duodenum

The duodenum is the first section of the small intestine in most higher vertebrates, including mammals, reptiles, and birds. In fish, the divisions of the small intestine are not as clear and the terms anterior intestine or proximal intestine may be used instead of duodenum....
, and the jejunum
Jejunum

The jejunum is the middle section of the small intestine in most higher vertebrates, including mammals, reptiles, and birds. In fish, the divisions of the small intestine are not as clear and the terms middle intestine or mid-gut may be used instead of jejunum....
 and digestive enzymes are secreted by different glands: the salivary gland
Salivary gland

The salivary glands in mammals are exocrine glands that produce saliva. They also secrete amylase, an enzyme that breaks down starch into glucose. In other organisms such as Insecta, salivary glands are often used to produce biologically important proteins like silk or glues, and fly salivary glands contain polytene chromosomes that have been usefu...
s, the glands in the stomach
Stomach

In most mammals, the stomach is a hollow muscular organ of the gastrointestinal tract involved in the second phase of digestion, following mastication....
, the pancreas
Pancreas

The pancreas is a gland Organ in the digestive system and endocrine system of vertebrates. It is both an endocrine gland , as well as an exocrine gland, secreting pancreatic juice containing Digestion enzymes that pass to the small intestine....
, and the glands in the small intestine
Small intestine

In vertebrates, including mammals, reptiles, birds, and bony fish, the small intestine is the part of the gastrointestinal tract following the stomach, and is where the vast majority of digestion takes place....
s.

Oral cavity

In the oral cavity, salivary glands secrete (or create) ptyalin. It is a type of a-amylase
Amylase

Amylase is an enzyme that breaks starch down into sugar. Amylase is present in human saliva, where it begins the chemical process of digestion....
, which digests starch into small segments of multiple sugar
Sugar

Sugar is a class of edible crystalline substances, mainly sucrose, lactose, and fructose. Human taste buds interpret its flavor as sweet. Sugar as a basic food carbohydrate primarily comes from sugar cane and from sugar beet, but also appears in fruit, honey, sorghum, sugar maple , and in many other sources....
s and into the individual soluble sugars. Secreted by small and large salivary glands.

Salivary glands also secrete lysozyme
Lysozyme

Lysozymes, also known as muramidase or N-acetylmuramide glycanhydrolase, are a family of enzymes which damage bacterial cell walls by catalyzing hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in a peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrins....
, which kills bacteria but is not classified as a digestive enzyme.

Summary of the actions of digestive enzymes:
  • Salivary Amylase
    Amylase

    Amylase is an enzyme that breaks starch down into sugar. Amylase is present in human saliva, where it begins the chemical process of digestion....
     (also known as ptaylin) (Mouth
    Mouth

    The mouth, buccal cavity, or oral cavity is the first portion of the alimentary canal that receives food and begins digestion by mechanically breaking up the solid food particles into smaller pieces and mixing them with saliva....
    ) produced by salivary glands breaks down starch
    Starch

    File:Amylose2.svgFile:Amylopektin Sessel.svgStarch or amylum is a polysaccharide carbohydrate consisting of a large number of glucose units joined together by glycosidic bonds....
     into sugar
    Sugar

    Sugar is a class of edible crystalline substances, mainly sucrose, lactose, and fructose. Human taste buds interpret its flavor as sweet. Sugar as a basic food carbohydrate primarily comes from sugar cane and from sugar beet, but also appears in fruit, honey, sorghum, sugar maple , and in many other sources....
    .
  • Pepsin
    Pepsin

    Pepsin is an enzyme that is released by the gastric chief cells in the stomach and which degrades food proteins into peptides. Pepsin was discovered in 1836 by Theodor Schwann who also coined this enzyme's name from the Greek language word pepsis, meaning digestion ....
     produced by Stomach
    Stomach

    In most mammals, the stomach is a hollow muscular organ of the gastrointestinal tract involved in the second phase of digestion, following mastication....
     gastric pit Breaks down protein
    Protein

    Proteins are organic compounds made of amino acids arranged in a linear chain and joined together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of adjacent amino acid Residue ....
     into peptides
  • Amylase
    Amylase

    Amylase is an enzyme that breaks starch down into sugar. Amylase is present in human saliva, where it begins the chemical process of digestion....
     produced by Pancreas
    Pancreas

    The pancreas is a gland Organ in the digestive system and endocrine system of vertebrates. It is both an endocrine gland , as well as an exocrine gland, secreting pancreatic juice containing Digestion enzymes that pass to the small intestine....
     breaks down starch
    Starch

    File:Amylose2.svgFile:Amylopektin Sessel.svgStarch or amylum is a polysaccharide carbohydrate consisting of a large number of glucose units joined together by glycosidic bonds....
     into sugar
    Sugar

    Sugar is a class of edible crystalline substances, mainly sucrose, lactose, and fructose. Human taste buds interpret its flavor as sweet. Sugar as a basic food carbohydrate primarily comes from sugar cane and from sugar beet, but also appears in fruit, honey, sorghum, sugar maple , and in many other sources....
  • Lipase
    Lipase

    A lipase is a water-soluble enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ester chemical bond in water?insoluble, lipid substrates. Lipases thus comprise a subclass of the esterases....
     produced by Pancreas
    Pancreas

    The pancreas is a gland Organ in the digestive system and endocrine system of vertebrates. It is both an endocrine gland , as well as an exocrine gland, secreting pancreatic juice containing Digestion enzymes that pass to the small intestine....
     breaks down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol
    Glycerol

    Glycerol is a chemical compound also commonly called glycerin or glycerine. It is a colorless, odorless, Viscosity liquid that is widely used in pharmaceutical formulations....
  • Trypsin
    Trypsin

    Trypsin is a serine protease found in the digestive system, where it breaks down proteins. Trypsin predominantly cleaves peptide chains at the carboxyl side of the amino acids lysine and arginine, except when either is followed by proline....
     produced by Pancreas
    Pancreas

    The pancreas is a gland Organ in the digestive system and endocrine system of vertebrates. It is both an endocrine gland , as well as an exocrine gland, secreting pancreatic juice containing Digestion enzymes that pass to the small intestine....
     Breaks down Peptides into Amino acids,
  • Sucrase
    Sucrase

    Sucrase is the name given to a number of enzyme that catalysis the hydrolysis of sucrose to fructose and glucose....
     etc produced by Ileum
    Ileum

    The ileum is the final section of the small intestine in most higher vertebrates, including mammals, reptiles, and birds. In fish, the divisions of the small intestine are not as clear and the terms posterior intestine or distal intestine may be used instead of ileum....
     Breaks down sucrose
    Sucrose

    Sucrose is a disaccharide of glucose and fructose, with the molecular formula C12H22O11. Its systematic name is a-D-glucopyranosyl- -?-D-fructofuranoside ....
     into glucose
    Glucose

    Glucose , a monosaccharide also known as grape sugar, blood sugar, or corn sugar, is a very important carbohydrate in biology....
     and fructose
    Fructose

    Fructose is a simple Reducing sugar sugar found in many foods and is one of the three important dietary monosaccharides along with glucose and galactose....


Enzymes are also in your mouth, helping to break down food, as well as the teeth are. Complex food substances taken by animals must be broken down into simple, soluble and diffusible substances before they can be absorbed into the body.

Stomach

The enzymes that get secreted in the stomach
Stomach

In most mammals, the stomach is a hollow muscular organ of the gastrointestinal tract involved in the second phase of digestion, following mastication....
 are called gastric enzymes. These are the following:
  • Pepsin
    Pepsin

    Pepsin is an enzyme that is released by the gastric chief cells in the stomach and which degrades food proteins into peptides. Pepsin was discovered in 1836 by Theodor Schwann who also coined this enzyme's name from the Greek language word pepsis, meaning digestion ....
     is the main gastric enzyme. As it breaks protein
    Protein

    Proteins are organic compounds made of amino acids arranged in a linear chain and joined together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of adjacent amino acid Residue ....
    s into smaller peptide
    Peptide

    Peptides are short polymers formed from the linking, in a defined order, of a-amino acids. The link between one amino acid residue and the next is known as an amide chemical bond or a peptide bond....
     fragments.
  • Gelatinase
    Gelatinase

    In biology and chemistry, gelatinase is a proteolytic enzyme that allows a living organism to hydrolysis gelatin into its sub-compounds that can cross the cell membrane and be used by the organism....
    , degrades type I and type V gelatin
    Gelatin

    Gelatin is a translucent, colorless, brittle, nearly tasteless solid, derived from the collagen inside animals' skin and mostly bones. It has been commonly used as a gelling agent in food, pharmaceutical, photography, and cosmetic manufacturing....
     and type IV and V collagen
    Collagen

    Collagen is the main protein of connective tissue in animals and the most abundant protein in mammals, making up about 25% to 35% of the whole-body protein content....
    , which are proteoglycan
    Proteoglycan

    File:PBB Protein ACAN image.jpgProteoglycans represent a special class of glycoproteins that are heavily glycosylation. They consist of a core protein with one or more covalent bond attached glycosaminoglycan chain....
    s in meat.
  • Gastric amylase
    Amylase

    Amylase is an enzyme that breaks starch down into sugar. Amylase is present in human saliva, where it begins the chemical process of digestion....
     degrades starch, but is of minor significance.
  • Gastric lipase
    Lipase

    A lipase is a water-soluble enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ester chemical bond in water?insoluble, lipid substrates. Lipases thus comprise a subclass of the esterases....
     is a tributyrase by its biochemical activity, as it acts almost exclusively on tributyrin, a butter fat enzyme.
  • Pepsin enzyme is secreted by gastric glands


Small intestine


Pancreatic enzyme

The pancreas
Pancreas

The pancreas is a gland Organ in the digestive system and endocrine system of vertebrates. It is both an endocrine gland , as well as an exocrine gland, secreting pancreatic juice containing Digestion enzymes that pass to the small intestine....
 is the main digestive gland in our body. It secretes the enzymes:

  • Trypsin
    Trypsin

    Trypsin is a serine protease found in the digestive system, where it breaks down proteins. Trypsin predominantly cleaves peptide chains at the carboxyl side of the amino acids lysine and arginine, except when either is followed by proline....
    , is a peptidase, that breaks down peptides in the small intestine.
  • Chymotrypsin
    Chymotrypsin

    Chymotrypsin is a digestive enzyme that can perform proteolysis. Chymotrypsin cleaves peptides at the carboxyl side of tyrosine, tryptophan, and phenylalanine because these three amino acids contain aromatic rings, which fit into a 'hydrophobic pocket' in the enzyme....
    , also a peptidase
  • Steapsin
    Steapsin

    Steapsin belongs to the class of digestive enzymes called lipases found in the pancreatic juice that catalyzes the hydrolysis of triglycerides to fatty acids and glycerol....
    , degrades triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol.
  • Carboxypeptidase
    Carboxypeptidase

    Carboxypeptidase is an enzyme that hydrolyzes the carboxy-terminal end of a peptide bond. Humans, animals, and plants contain several types of carboxypeptidases with diverse functions ranging from catabolism to protein maturation....
    , splits peptide fragments into individual amino acid
    Amino acid

    In chemistry, an amino acid is a molecule containing both amine and carboxyl functional groups. These molecules are particularly important in biochemistry, where this term refers to alpha-amino acids with the general formula H2NCHRCOOH, where R is an organic substituent....
    s. It is a protease
    Protease

    A protease is any enzyme that conducts proteolysis, that is, begins protein catabolism by hydrolysis of the peptide bonds that link amino acids together in the polypeptide chain, which form a molecule of protein....
    .
  • Several elastase
    Elastase

    In molecular biology, elastase is an enzyme from the class of proteases , that break down proteins....
    s that degrade the protein elastin
    Elastin

    Elastin is a protein in connective tissue that is Elasticity and allows many tissues in the body to resume their shape after stretching or contracting....
     and some other proteins.
  • Several nuclease
    Nuclease

    A nuclease is an enzyme capable of cleaving the phosphodiester bonds between the nucleotide subunits of nucleic acids. Older papers may use terms such as "polynucleotidase" or "nucleodepolymerase"....
    s that degrade nucleic acids, like DNAase and RNAase
  • Pancreatic amylase
    Amylase

    Amylase is an enzyme that breaks starch down into sugar. Amylase is present in human saliva, where it begins the chemical process of digestion....
     that, besides starch, glycogen
    Glycogen

    Glycogen is a polysaccharide of glucose which functions as the secondary short term energy storage in animal cells. It is made primarily by the liver and the muscles, but can also be made by the brain and stomach....
     and cellulose
    Cellulose

    File:Cellulose Sessel.svgCellulose is an organic compound with the chemical formula , a polysaccharide consisting of a linear chain of several hundred to over ten thousand ? linked D-glucose units....
    , degrades most other carbohydrates.
  • Bile
    Bile

    Bile or gall is a bitter yellow or green fluid secreted by hepatocytes from the liver of most vertebrates. In many species, bile is stored in the gallbladder between meals and upon eating is discharged into the duodenum where the bile aids the process of digestion of lipids....
     from the liver, which emulsifies fat, allowing more efficient use of lipase in the duodenum; in converting lipids to their component fatty acid and glycerol molecules


Proper small intestine enzymes

  • Several peptidases.
  • The jejunum
    Jejunum

    The jejunum is the middle section of the small intestine in most higher vertebrates, including mammals, reptiles, and birds. In fish, the divisions of the small intestine are not as clear and the terms middle intestine or mid-gut may be used instead of jejunum....
     and ileum
    Ileum

    The ileum is the final section of the small intestine in most higher vertebrates, including mammals, reptiles, and birds. In fish, the divisions of the small intestine are not as clear and the terms posterior intestine or distal intestine may be used instead of ileum....
     secretes a juice called succus entericus which contains the following:
Five types of enzymes degrade disaccharides into monosaccharide
Monosaccharide

Monosaccharides are the most basic unit of carbohydrates. They are the simplest form of sugar and are usually colorless, water-soluble, crystal solids....
s:
  • Sucrase
    Sucrase

    Sucrase is the name given to a number of enzyme that catalysis the hydrolysis of sucrose to fructose and glucose....
    , which breaks down sucrose
    Sucrose

    Sucrose is a disaccharide of glucose and fructose, with the molecular formula C12H22O11. Its systematic name is a-D-glucopyranosyl- -?-D-fructofuranoside ....
     into glucose
    Glucose

    Glucose , a monosaccharide also known as grape sugar, blood sugar, or corn sugar, is a very important carbohydrate in biology....
     and fructose
    Fructose

    Fructose is a simple Reducing sugar sugar found in many foods and is one of the three important dietary monosaccharides along with glucose and galactose....
  • Maltase
    Maltase

    Maltase is an enzyme produced by the cells lining the small intestine that breaks down the disaccharide maltose. It comes under the enzyme category carbohydrase ....
    , which breaks down maltose
    Maltose

    Maltose, or malt sugar, is a disaccharide formed from two units of glucose joined with an a linkage. It is the second member of an important biochemical series of glucose chains....
     into glucose
    Glucose

    Glucose , a monosaccharide also known as grape sugar, blood sugar, or corn sugar, is a very important carbohydrate in biology....
    .
  • Isomaltase
    Isomaltase

    Isomaltase is an enzyme which breaks the bonds linking saccharides, which cannot be broken by amylase or maltase. It digests polysaccharides at the alpha 1-6 linkages....
    , which breaks down maltose
    Maltose

    Maltose, or malt sugar, is a disaccharide formed from two units of glucose joined with an a linkage. It is the second member of an important biochemical series of glucose chains....
     and isomaltose
    Isomaltose

    Isomaltose is a disaccharide similar to maltose, but with a a--linkage instead of the a--linkage. It is a reducing sugar. The linkage between the sugars is 1,6. Both of the sugars are sucrose and pyranoses....
  • Lactase
    Lactase

    Lactase , a part of the ?-galactosidase family of enzymes, is a glycoside hydrolase involved in the hydrolysis of the disaccharide lactose into constituent galactose and glucose monomers....
    , which breaks down lactose
    Lactose

    Lactose is a sugar that is found most notably in milk. Lactose makes up around 2?8% of milk . The name comes from the Latin word for milk, plus the -ose ending used to name sugars....
     into glucose
    Glucose

    Glucose , a monosaccharide also known as grape sugar, blood sugar, or corn sugar, is a very important carbohydrate in biology....
     and galactose
    Galactose

    Galactose is a type of Carbohydrate which is less sweetness than glucose. It is considered a nutritive sweetener because it has food energy.Galactan is a polymer of the sugar galactose....
  • Intestinal lipase
    Lipase

    A lipase is a water-soluble enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ester chemical bond in water?insoluble, lipid substrates. Lipases thus comprise a subclass of the esterases....
    , which breaks down fatty acid
    Fatty acid

    In chemistry, especially biochemistry, a fatty acid is a carboxylic acid often with a long unbranched aliphatic tail , which is either saturation or Unsaturated compound....
    s


The small intestine receives lipase, trypsin and amylase from the pancreas. They are transported from the pancreas to the duodenum through the pancreatic duct. Protein, fats and starch are broken down into smaller molecules. However, they are not fully broken down yet. This causes the enzymes of the small intestine to act upon them. These enzymes include peptidase, which breaks down peptides into amino acids and the enzyme maltase acts upon maltose which produces glucose. These molecules are absorbed by the villi in the small intestine and according to the molecule they are either absorbed by the lacteal or blood capillaries.