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The Colonna family was a powerful noble family in medieval
Middle Ages

File:Karl 1 mit papst gelasius gregor1 sacramentar v karl d kahlen.jpgThe Middle Ages of European history are a period in history which lasted for roughly a millennium, commonly dated from the fall of the Roman Empire in the 5th century to the beginning of the Early Modern Period in the 16th century, marked by the division of Western Christi...
 and Renaissance
Renaissance

The Renaissance was a cultural movement that spanned roughly the 14th to the 17th century, beginning in Italy in the late Middle Ages and later spreading to the rest of Europe....
 Rome
Rome

Rome is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city, with 2,724,347 residents in an urban area of some ....
, supplying one Pope
Pope

The Pope is the Bishop of Rome, the leader of the Roman Catholic Church and head of state of Vatican City. The current pope is Pope Benedict XVI, who was elected April 19, 2005 in Papal conclave, 2005....
 and many other leaders. Their family is notable for their bitter feud with the Orsini family
Orsini family

The Orsini family was one of the most celebrated princely families in Middle Ages Italy and renaissance Rome. Members of the Orsini include popes Pope Celestine III , Pope Nicholas III , and Pope Benedict XIII , numerous condottieri and other relevant political and religious figures....
 over influence in Rome until it was stopped by Papal Bull
Papal bull

A Papal bull is a particular type of letters patent or charter issued by a pope. It is named after the bulla that was appended to the end to authenticate it....
 in 1511; in 1571 the Chiefs of both families married the nieces of Pope Sixtus V.

Oddone Colonna ended the Western Schism
Western Schism

The Great Schism of Western Christianity or Papal Schism was a split within the Roman Catholic Church from 1378 to 1417. By its end, three men simultaneously claimed to be the true pope....
 as Pope Martin V
Pope Martin V

Pope Martin V , born Odo Colonna was Pope from 1417 to 1431. His election effectively ended the Western Schism ....
.

According to tradition, the Colonna are a branch of the Counts of Tusculum
Counts of Tusculum

The counts of Tusculum were the most powerful secular noblemen in Latium, near Rome, during the 10th century through 12th centuries. Their house furnished some List of popes and an antipope during the 11th century....
 — by Peter (1099-1151) son of Gregory III
Gregory III, Count of Tusculum

Gregory III was the son of Gregory II, Count of Tusculum. He was the Count of Tusculum from 1058, when his father died. He is usually considered to stand at the fore of the family of the Colonna....
, called Peter "de Columpna" from his property, the Columna Castle, in Colonna, Alban Hills.

The first cardinal from the family was appointed in 1192 when Giovanni Colonna was made Cardinal Priest of Santa Prisca
Santa Prisca

Santa Prisca is a basilica churches of Rome Rome, devoted to Saint Prisca, a 1st century martyr, on the Aventine hill. It was built in the 4th or 5th century over a temple of Mithras, and is recorded as the Titulus Priscae in the acts of the 499 synod....
.

In 1297, Cardinal Jacopo disinherited his brothers Ottone, Matteo, and Landolfo of their lands.






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The Colonna family was a powerful noble family in medieval
Middle Ages

File:Karl 1 mit papst gelasius gregor1 sacramentar v karl d kahlen.jpgThe Middle Ages of European history are a period in history which lasted for roughly a millennium, commonly dated from the fall of the Roman Empire in the 5th century to the beginning of the Early Modern Period in the 16th century, marked by the division of Western Christi...
 and Renaissance
Renaissance

The Renaissance was a cultural movement that spanned roughly the 14th to the 17th century, beginning in Italy in the late Middle Ages and later spreading to the rest of Europe....
 Rome
Rome

Rome is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city, with 2,724,347 residents in an urban area of some ....
, supplying one Pope
Pope

The Pope is the Bishop of Rome, the leader of the Roman Catholic Church and head of state of Vatican City. The current pope is Pope Benedict XVI, who was elected April 19, 2005 in Papal conclave, 2005....
 and many other leaders. Their family is notable for their bitter feud with the Orsini family
Orsini family

The Orsini family was one of the most celebrated princely families in Middle Ages Italy and renaissance Rome. Members of the Orsini include popes Pope Celestine III , Pope Nicholas III , and Pope Benedict XIII , numerous condottieri and other relevant political and religious figures....
 over influence in Rome until it was stopped by Papal Bull
Papal bull

A Papal bull is a particular type of letters patent or charter issued by a pope. It is named after the bulla that was appended to the end to authenticate it....
 in 1511; in 1571 the Chiefs of both families married the nieces of Pope Sixtus V.

Oddone Colonna ended the Western Schism
Western Schism

The Great Schism of Western Christianity or Papal Schism was a split within the Roman Catholic Church from 1378 to 1417. By its end, three men simultaneously claimed to be the true pope....
 as Pope Martin V
Pope Martin V

Pope Martin V , born Odo Colonna was Pope from 1417 to 1431. His election effectively ended the Western Schism ....
.

According to tradition, the Colonna are a branch of the Counts of Tusculum
Counts of Tusculum

The counts of Tusculum were the most powerful secular noblemen in Latium, near Rome, during the 10th century through 12th centuries. Their house furnished some List of popes and an antipope during the 11th century....
 — by Peter (1099-1151) son of Gregory III
Gregory III, Count of Tusculum

Gregory III was the son of Gregory II, Count of Tusculum. He was the Count of Tusculum from 1058, when his father died. He is usually considered to stand at the fore of the family of the Colonna....
, called Peter "de Columpna" from his property, the Columna Castle, in Colonna, Alban Hills.

The first cardinal from the family was appointed in 1192 when Giovanni Colonna was made Cardinal Priest of Santa Prisca
Santa Prisca

Santa Prisca is a basilica churches of Rome Rome, devoted to Saint Prisca, a 1st century martyr, on the Aventine hill. It was built in the 4th or 5th century over a temple of Mithras, and is recorded as the Titulus Priscae in the acts of the 499 synod....
.

In 1297, Cardinal Jacopo disinherited his brothers Ottone, Matteo, and Landolfo of their lands. The latter three appealed to Pope Boniface VIII
Pope Boniface VIII

Pope Boniface VIII , born Benedetto Caetani, was Pope of the Roman Catholic Church from 1294 to 1303....
, who ordered Jacopo to return the land, and furthermore hand over the family's strongholds of Colonna, Palestrina
Palestrina

Palestrina is an ancient city and comune with a population of about 18,000, in Lazio, c. 35 km east of Rome. It is connected to latter by the Via Prenestina....
, and other towns to the Papacy. Jacopo refused; in May, Boniface removed him from the College of Cardinals
College of Cardinals

The Sacred College of Cardinals is the body of all Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. The College plays two roles in the church:*participating in Papal conclave when the Holy See is vacant, and...
 and excommunicated him and his followers for four generations. The Colonna family (aside from the three brothers allied with the Pope) declared that Boniface had been elected illegally after the unprecedented abdication
Papal abdication

Papal abdication occurs in the Catholic Church when the Pope resignation his office.In 1294, Pope Celestine V promulgated a Canon law explicitly establishing the right to resign the office of Pope, and did so himself after being in office only about five months....
 of Pope Celestine V
Pope Celestine V

Pope St. Celestine V , born Pietro Angelerio, also known as Pietro da Morrone , was elected Pope in the year 1294. He was elected by the papal election, 1292?1294, the last non-conclave in the history of the Roman Catholic Church....
 three years previously. The dispute lead to open warfare, and in September Boniface appointed Landolfo to the command of his army, to put down the revolt of Landolfo's own relatives. This he did, and by the end of 1298 Colonna, Palestrina, and other towns had been captured and razed to the ground. The family's lands were distributed among Landolfo and his loyal brothers; the rest of the family fled Italy.

In the 1300s, the family sponsored the decoration of the Church of San Giovanni
San Giovanni

San Giovanni, the Italian form of Saint John , a name that may refer to dozens of saints.At least 58 comune in Italy are named San Giovanni, and at least 49 more are named San Giovanni... , and hundreds of frazione and smaller villages....
, most notably the floor mosaics.

In 1728, the family added the name Barberini
Barberini

The Barberini are a family of the Italian people nobility that rose to prominence in 17th century Rome. Their influence peaked with the election of Cardinal Maffeo Barberini to the papal throne in 1623, as Pope Urban VIII....
 to its family name when Giulio Cesare Colonna di Sciarra married Cornelia Barberini, daughter of the last male Barberini to hold the name, Taddeo Barberini.

The Colonna family have been Prince Assistants to the Papal Throne
Prince Assistants to the Papal Throne

The Princes Assistant to the Pontifical Throne are hereditary offices of the Roman Curia. They date from the early sixteenth century, and survived the reform of the Prefecture of the Pontifical Household in 1968....
 since 1710, though their papal princely title only dates from 1854.

The family residence in Rome, the Palazzo Colonna
Palazzo Colonna

The Palazzo Colonna is a palatial block of buildings in central Rome, Italy, at the base of the Quirinal Hill, and adjacent to the church of Santi Apostoli....
, is open to the public.

Notable members

  • Vittoria Colonna
    Vittoria Colonna

    Vittoria Colonna , marchioness of Pescara, was an Italy noblewoman and poet....
    , friend of Michelangelo
    Michelangelo

    Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni , commonly known as Michelangelo, was an Italian Renaissance Painting, sculptor, architect, poet, and engineer....
    .
  • Sciarra Colonna
    Sciarra Colonna

    Sciarra Colonna , byname of Giacomo Colonna , was a member of the powerful Colonna family, and a strong enemy of Pope Boniface VIII. During the Outrage of Anagni, in September 1303, Sciarra reportedly slapped the pope in the face....
    , who participated in the Outrage of Anagni
    Anagni

    Anagni is an ancient town in Latium, central Italy, in the hills east-southeast of Rome, famous for its connections with the papacy and for the picturesque monuments of its unspoiled historical center....
     against Pope Boniface VIII
    Pope Boniface VIII

    Pope Boniface VIII , born Benedetto Caetani, was Pope of the Roman Catholic Church from 1294 to 1303....
    .
  • Stefano Colonna
    Stefano Colonna

    Stefano Colonna was the name of several members of the Italian family of Colonna family. The most important include:*Stefano Colonna the Elder was son of Giovanni Colonna and one of the most important political figures in Rome in the first half of the 14th century....
    , an influential noble in Medieval Rome an Imperial vicar in the early 14th century.
  • Pope Martin V
    Pope Martin V

    Pope Martin V , born Odo Colonna was Pope from 1417 to 1431. His election effectively ended the Western Schism ....
  • Fabrizio Colonna
    Fabrizio Colonna

    Fabrizio Colonna was an Italian condottiero, a member of the powerful Colonna family. He was the son of Edoardo Colonna and Filippa Conti.Fabrizio was born sometime before 1452....
    , who was the father of Vittoria Colonna
    Vittoria Colonna

    Vittoria Colonna , marchioness of Pescara, was an Italy noblewoman and poet....
    , and a general in the Holy League
    War of the League of Cambrai

    The War of the League of Cambrai, sometimes known as the War of the Holy League and by several other names, was a major conflict in the Italian Wars....
    .
  • Prospero Colonna
    Prospero Colonna

    Prospero Colonna , sometimes referred to as Prosper Colonna, was an Italian condottiero in the service of the Papal States and the Holy Roman Empire during the Italian Wars....
    , who fought alongside his cousin Fabrizio.
  • Pompeo Colonna
    Pompeo Colonna

    Pompeo Colonna was an Italian cardinal , politician and condottiero.Born in Rome, he fought very early against the traditional family enemies, the Orsini....
    , cardinal.
  • Marcantonio I Colonna (1478 - Milan 1522) condottiero of the XV-XVI century.
  • Marcantonio Colonna
    Marcantonio Colonna

    Marcantonio Colonna , Duke and Prince of Paliano, was an Italian people general and admiral....
    , also successful condottiero of the late 16th century.
  • Pirro Colonna
    Pirro Colonna

    Pirro Colonna was an Italy military leader in the service of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor during the Italian War of 1542. He commanded the garrison of Carignano during the French sieges of the city before and after the Battle of Ceresole....
    , 16th century captain under Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
    Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor

    Charles V was ruler of the Holy Roman Empire from 1519 and, as Charles I of Spain, of the Spanish realms from 1516 until his abdication in 1556....
  • Francesco Colonna
    Francesco Colonna

    Francesco Colonna , was an Italy Dominican Order priest and monk who was credited with the authorship of the Hypnerotomachia Poliphili by an acrostic in the text....
    , who was credited with the authorship of the Hypnerotomachia Poliphili
    Hypnerotomachia Poliphili

    Hypnerotomachia Poliphili is a romance by Francesco Colonna and a famous example of early printing. First published in Venice, 1499, in an elegant page layout, with refined woodcut illustrations in an Early Renaissance style, Hypnerotomachia Poliphili presents a mysterious arcane allegory in which Poliphilo pursues his love Polia thr...
     by an acrostic in the text. Also believed to have written the story.


See also

  • Medieval Rome
    History of Rome

    The History of the city of Rome spans 2,800 years of the existence of a city that grew from a small Italy village in the 9th century BC into the center of a vast ancient Rome that dominated the Mediterranean Sea region for centuries....
  • Orsini
  • Palestrina
    Palestrina

    Palestrina is an ancient city and comune with a population of about 18,000, in Lazio, c. 35 km east of Rome. It is connected to latter by the Via Prenestina....
  • Prösels Castle

External links