Christian J. Lambertsen
Encyclopedia
Christian James Lambertsen (May 15, 1917 – February 11, 2011) was an American
environmental medicine
and diving medicine
specialist who was principally responsible for developing the United States Navy
frogmen's rebreather
s in the early 1940s for underwater warfare. Lambertsen designed a series of rebreathers in 1940 (patent filing date: 16 Dec 1940) and in 1944 (patent issue date: 2 May 1944) and first called his invention breathing apparatus. Later, after the war, he called it Laru (portmanteau for Lambertsen Amphibious Respiratory Unit
) and finally, in 1952, he changed again his invention's name to SCUBA (Self Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus). In spite of that diving regulator
technology was invented by Émile Gagnan
and Jacques-Yves Cousteau
in 1943 and wasn't originally related to rebreathers, nowadays' use of the word SCUBA is largely attributed to Gagnan's and Cousteau's invention
. The US Navy considers Lambertsen to be "the father of the Frogmen".
and attended Rutgers University
in New Brunswick, New Jersey
, graduating in 1939 with a bachelor of science degree. He graduated from medical school at University of Pennsylvania
, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
in 1943.
Lambertsen was awarded Honorary Doctor of Science Degree from Northwestern University
in 1977.
Lambertsen served in the U.S. Army Medical Corps from 1944 to 1946. He invented the first Self-contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus (SCUBA) and demonstrated it to the Office of Strategic Services
(OSS) (after already being rejected by the U.S. Navy) in a pool at a hotel in Washington D.C. OSS not only bought into the concept, they hired Major Labertsen to lead the program and build-up the dive element of their maritime unit. He was vital in establishing the first cadres of U.S. military operational combat swimmers
during late World War II
. The OSS was also the predecessor of the Central Intelligence Agency
(CIA) and the maritime element still exists inside their Special Activities Division
.
His responsibilities included training and developing methods of combining self-contained diving and swimmer delivery including the Lambertsen Amphibious Respiratory Unit
for the OSS "Operational Swimmer Group". Following World War II, he trained U.S. forces in methods for submerged operations, including composite fleet submarine
/ operational swimmers activity.
of Pharmacology
with the Department of Pharmacology at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine though he did spend a year as a Visiting Research Associate Professor from 1951 to 1952 for the Department of Physiology
at University College London
, England
. Lambertsen spent the 1950s concentrating on national research needs in undersea medicine (see National Service Activities below). He again took an appointment as Professor of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine in 1962. He was also named Professor of Medicine in 1972 and Professor at the University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine
in 1976. Each of these appointments were held until 1987. In 1985, he became Emeritus
Distinguished Professor of Environmental Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania. He maintains this position to this day.
Lambertsen was the founder and director of The Environmental Biomedical Stress Data Center at the University of Pennsylvania
in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
.
The University of Pennsylvania's annual Christian J. Lambertsen Honorary Lecture is named for him. On May 31, 2007 the guest speaker was Professor Marc Feldmann, head of Imperial College
's Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology who is recognised for his discovery of anti-TNF
treatment for rheumatoid arthritis
, which has led to a new therapy used by more than a million patients. Dr. Lambertsen was in attendance.
to 1997, researched many aspects of humans in extreme environments.
of sea water (predictive studies III) |journal=Aviat Space Environ Med |volume=48 |issue=9 |pages=843–53 |year=1977 |month=September |pmid=303098 |doi= |url= }}
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
environmental medicine
Environmental medicine
Environmental medicine is a multidisciplinary field involving medicine, environmental science, chemistry and others. It may be viewed as the medical branch of the broader field of environmental health. The scope of this field involves studying the interactions between environment and human health,...
and diving medicine
Diving medicine
Diving medicine, also called undersea and hyperbaric medicine , is the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of conditions caused by humans entering the undersea environment...
specialist who was principally responsible for developing the United States Navy
United States Navy
The United States Navy is the naval warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the seven uniformed services of the United States. The U.S. Navy is the largest in the world; its battle fleet tonnage is greater than that of the next 13 largest navies combined. The U.S...
frogmen's rebreather
Rebreather
A rebreather is a type of breathing set that provides a breathing gas containing oxygen and recycled exhaled gas. This recycling reduces the volume of breathing gas used, making a rebreather lighter and more compact than an open-circuit breathing set for the same duration in environments where...
s in the early 1940s for underwater warfare. Lambertsen designed a series of rebreathers in 1940 (patent filing date: 16 Dec 1940) and in 1944 (patent issue date: 2 May 1944) and first called his invention breathing apparatus. Later, after the war, he called it Laru (portmanteau for Lambertsen Amphibious Respiratory Unit
Lambertsen Amphibious Respiratory Unit
The Lambertsen Amphibious Respiratory Unit is an early model of frogman's rebreather. Christian J. Lambertsen designed a series of them in the USA in 1940 and in 1944...
) and finally, in 1952, he changed again his invention's name to SCUBA (Self Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus). In spite of that diving regulator
Diving regulator
A diving regulator is a pressure regulator used in scuba or surface supplied diving equipment that reduces pressurized breathing gas to ambient pressure and delivers it to the diver. The gas may be air or one of a variety of specially blended breathing gases...
technology was invented by Émile Gagnan
Emile Gagnan
Émile Gagnan was a French engineer and co-inventor of the diving regulator used for the first Scuba equipment in 1943...
and Jacques-Yves Cousteau
Jacques-Yves Cousteau
Jacques-Yves Cousteau was a French naval officer, explorer, ecologist, filmmaker, innovator, scientist, photographer, author and researcher who studied the sea and all forms of life in water...
in 1943 and wasn't originally related to rebreathers, nowadays' use of the word SCUBA is largely attributed to Gagnan's and Cousteau's invention
Scuba set
A scuba set is an independent breathing set that provides a scuba diver with the breathing gas necessary to breathe underwater during scuba diving. It is much used for sport diving and some sorts of work diving....
. The US Navy considers Lambertsen to be "the father of the Frogmen".
Education
Lambertsen was born in Westfield, New JerseyWestfield, New Jersey
Westfield is a town in Union County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the town population was 30,316. The old village area, now the downtown district, was settled in 1720 as part of the Elizabethtown Tract....
and attended Rutgers University
Rutgers University
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , is the largest institution for higher education in New Jersey, United States. It was originally chartered as Queen's College in 1766. It is the eighth-oldest college in the United States and one of the nine Colonial colleges founded before the American...
in New Brunswick, New Jersey
New Brunswick, New Jersey
New Brunswick is a city in Middlesex County, New Jersey, USA. It is the county seat and the home of Rutgers University. The city is located on the Northeast Corridor rail line, southwest of Manhattan, on the southern bank of the Raritan River. At the 2010 United States Census, the population of...
, graduating in 1939 with a bachelor of science degree. He graduated from medical school at University of Pennsylvania
University of Pennsylvania
The University of Pennsylvania is a private, Ivy League university located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. Penn is the fourth-oldest institution of higher education in the United States,Penn is the fourth-oldest using the founding dates claimed by each institution...
, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania
The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania is a U.S. state that is located in the Northeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. The state borders Delaware and Maryland to the south, West Virginia to the southwest, Ohio to the west, New York and Ontario, Canada, to the north, and New Jersey to...
in 1943.
Lambertsen was awarded Honorary Doctor of Science Degree from Northwestern University
Northwestern University
Northwestern University is a private research university in Evanston and Chicago, Illinois, USA. Northwestern has eleven undergraduate, graduate, and professional schools offering 124 undergraduate degrees and 145 graduate and professional degrees....
in 1977.
Army career
MajorMajor (United States)
In the United States Army, Air Force, and Marine Corps, major is a field grade military officer rank just above the rank of captain and just below the rank of lieutenant colonel...
Lambertsen served in the U.S. Army Medical Corps from 1944 to 1946. He invented the first Self-contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus (SCUBA) and demonstrated it to the Office of Strategic Services
Office of Strategic Services
The Office of Strategic Services was a United States intelligence agency formed during World War II. It was the wartime intelligence agency, and it was a predecessor of the Central Intelligence Agency...
(OSS) (after already being rejected by the U.S. Navy) in a pool at a hotel in Washington D.C. OSS not only bought into the concept, they hired Major Labertsen to lead the program and build-up the dive element of their maritime unit. He was vital in establishing the first cadres of U.S. military operational combat swimmers
Frogman
A frogman is someone who is trained to scuba diving or swim underwater in a military capacity which can include combat. Such personnel are also known by the more formal names of combat diver or combatant diver or combat swimmer....
during late World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
. The OSS was also the predecessor of the Central Intelligence Agency
Central Intelligence Agency
The Central Intelligence Agency is a civilian intelligence agency of the United States government. It is an executive agency and reports directly to the Director of National Intelligence, responsible for providing national security intelligence assessment to senior United States policymakers...
(CIA) and the maritime element still exists inside their Special Activities Division
Special Activities Division
The Special Activities Division is a division in the United States Central Intelligence Agency's National Clandestine Service responsible for covert operations known as "special activities"...
.
His responsibilities included training and developing methods of combining self-contained diving and swimmer delivery including the Lambertsen Amphibious Respiratory Unit
Lambertsen Amphibious Respiratory Unit
The Lambertsen Amphibious Respiratory Unit is an early model of frogman's rebreather. Christian J. Lambertsen designed a series of them in the USA in 1940 and in 1944...
for the OSS "Operational Swimmer Group". Following World War II, he trained U.S. forces in methods for submerged operations, including composite fleet submarine
Submarine
A submarine is a watercraft capable of independent operation below the surface of the water. It differs from a submersible, which has more limited underwater capability...
/ operational swimmers activity.
Civilian career
From 1946 to 1953 Lambertsen served as an instructor to ProfessorProfessor
A professor is a scholarly teacher; the precise meaning of the term varies by country. Literally, professor derives from Latin as a "person who professes" being usually an expert in arts or sciences; a teacher of high rank...
of Pharmacology
Pharmacology
Pharmacology is the branch of medicine and biology concerned with the study of drug action. More specifically, it is the study of the interactions that occur between a living organism and chemicals that affect normal or abnormal biochemical function...
with the Department of Pharmacology at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine though he did spend a year as a Visiting Research Associate Professor from 1951 to 1952 for the Department of Physiology
Physiology
Physiology is the science of the function of living systems. This includes how organisms, organ systems, organs, cells, and bio-molecules carry out the chemical or physical functions that exist in a living system. The highest honor awarded in physiology is the Nobel Prize in Physiology or...
at University College London
University College London
University College London is a public research university located in London, United Kingdom and the oldest and largest constituent college of the federal University of London...
, England
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
. Lambertsen spent the 1950s concentrating on national research needs in undersea medicine (see National Service Activities below). He again took an appointment as Professor of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine in 1962. He was also named Professor of Medicine in 1972 and Professor at the University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine
Veterinary medicine
Veterinary Medicine is the branch of science that deals with the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of disease, disorder and injury in non-human animals...
in 1976. Each of these appointments were held until 1987. In 1985, he became Emeritus
Emeritus
Emeritus is a post-positive adjective that is used to designate a retired professor, bishop, or other professional or as a title. The female equivalent emerita is also sometimes used.-History:...
Distinguished Professor of Environmental Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania. He maintains this position to this day.
Lambertsen was the founder and director of The Environmental Biomedical Stress Data Center at the University of Pennsylvania
University of Pennsylvania
The University of Pennsylvania is a private, Ivy League university located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. Penn is the fourth-oldest institution of higher education in the United States,Penn is the fourth-oldest using the founding dates claimed by each institution...
in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania
The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania is a U.S. state that is located in the Northeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. The state borders Delaware and Maryland to the south, West Virginia to the southwest, Ohio to the west, New York and Ontario, Canada, to the north, and New Jersey to...
.
The University of Pennsylvania's annual Christian J. Lambertsen Honorary Lecture is named for him. On May 31, 2007 the guest speaker was Professor Marc Feldmann, head of Imperial College
Imperial College London
Imperial College London is a public research university located in London, United Kingdom, specialising in science, engineering, business and medicine...
's Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology who is recognised for his discovery of anti-TNF
Tumor necrosis factors
Tumor necrosis factors refers to a group of cytokines family that can cause cell death . The first two members of the family to be identified were:...
treatment for rheumatoid arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic, systemic inflammatory disorder that may affect many tissues and organs, but principally attacks synovial joints. The process produces an inflammatory response of the synovium secondary to hyperplasia of synovial cells, excess synovial fluid, and the development...
, which has led to a new therapy used by more than a million patients. Dr. Lambertsen was in attendance.
Predictive Studies Series
Dr. Lambertsen's "Predictive Studies Series", spanning from 1969 with TEKTITE ITektite habitat
The Tektite habitat was an underwater laboratory which was the home to divers during Tektite I and II programs. The Tektite program was the first scientists-in-the-sea program sponsored nationally. The habitat capsule was placed in Great Lameshur Bay, Saint John, U.S...
to 1997, researched many aspects of humans in extreme environments.
University and National Civilian Awards and Honors
- 1948–1953 John and Mary R. Markle Scholar in Medical Science
- 1965 University of Pennsylvania Alumni Award of Merit
- 1967 Lindback Award for Distinguished Teaching
- 1969 NASA Commendation
- 1970 Aerospace Medical Association Award
- 1970 Undersea Medical SocietyUndersea and Hyperbaric Medical SocietyThe Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society is the primary source of information for diving and hyperbaric medicine physiology worldwide.-History:The Undersea Medical Society grew from the close associations of a small group of scientists...
Award - 1972 Marine Technology Society Award for Ocean Science and Engineering
- 1973 Underwater Society of America Award for Science
- 1974 New York Academy of SciencesNew York Academy of SciencesThe New York Academy of Sciences is the third oldest scientific society in the United States. An independent, non-profit organization with more than members in 140 countries, the Academy’s mission is to advance understanding of science and technology...
Award for Research in Environmental Science - 1977 Member, National Academy of EngineeringNational Academy of EngineeringThe National Academy of Engineering is a government-created non-profit institution in the United States, that was founded in 1964 under the same congressional act that led to the founding of the National Academy of Sciences...
- 1977 Doctor of Science Honorary Degree, Northwestern UniversityNorthwestern UniversityNorthwestern University is a private research university in Evanston and Chicago, Illinois, USA. Northwestern has eleven undergraduate, graduate, and professional schools offering 124 undergraduate degrees and 145 graduate and professional degrees....
- 1977 Fellow, College of Physicians of Philadelphia
- 1978 Distinguished Award for Individuals, Offshore Technology Conference
- 1979 Award in Environmental Science, Aerospace Medical Association
- 1979 Award for Naval Undersea Research Training, Undersea Medical Society
- 1980 Association of Diving Contractors Award
- 1984 Endowed Visiting Lectureship, Sterling Pharmaceutical Corporation
- 1989 Distinguished Medical Graduate Award, University of Pennsylvania
- 1992 Boerema Award, Hyperbaric Oxygen Research, Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical SocietyUndersea and Hyperbaric Medical SocietyThe Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society is the primary source of information for diving and hyperbaric medicine physiology worldwide.-History:The Undersea Medical Society grew from the close associations of a small group of scientists...
- 1995 UDT-SEAL Association Lifetime Achievement Award
- 1995 Department of Defense Citation
- 1997 UDT-SEAL Association: Honorary Lifetime Membership
- 1999 Beneath the Sea: Lifetime Achievement Award
- 2001 Pioneer Award – Navy Historical Society
- 2001 CJL Oxygen Symposium X, Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society
- 2007 American College of PhysiciansAmerican College of PhysiciansThe American College of Physicians is a national organization of doctors of internal medicine —physicians who specialize in the prevention, detection, and treatment of illnesses in adults. With 130,000 members, ACP is the largest medical-specialty organization and second-largest physician group in...
Fellowship Award 2007
Military Service and Related Awards
- 1945 Legion of MeritLegion of MeritThe Legion of Merit is a military decoration of the United States armed forces that is awarded for exceptionally meritorious conduct in the performance of outstanding services and achievements...
, U.S. Army - 1945 Major General William J. Donovan, U.S.A., Director, Office of Strategic Services
- 1945 Lt. Colonel H. Q. A. ReevesHugh ReevesHugh Quentin Alleyne Reeves was a British inventor and engineer. He was one of the most productive and creative engineers attached to Station IX the SOE research station during World War II....
, British Army - 1945 Lt. Commander Derek A. Lee, R.N.V.R., Burma
- 1945 Colonel Sylvester C. Missal, M.C., U.S.A., Chief Surgeon, Office of Strategic Services
- 1945 Commander H. G. A. Wooley, D.S.C., R.N., Director, Maritime Unit, Office of Strategic Services
- 1946 Presidential Unit Citation, O.S.S. Unit 101, Burma, Dwight D. Eisenhower
- 1946 U.S. Army Commendation Ribbon, Citation from Major General Norman Kirk, M.C., Surgeon General, U.S. Army
- 1946 Admiral J. F. Farley, Commandant, U.S. Coast Guard
- 1946 Colonel H. W. Doan, M.C., Executive Officer, Surgeon General’s Office, U.S. Army
- 1947 Colonel George W. Read, Jr., President, U.S. Army Ground Forces, Board No. 2
- 1948 General Jacob L. Devers, U.S.A. Commanding General, U.S. Army Ground Forces
- 1969 Meritorious Civilian Service AwardMeritorious Civilian Service AwardThe Meritorious Civilian Service Award is commonly the second highest award and medal provided to civilian employees within agencies of the federal government of the United States...
, Secretary of the Navy - 1969 Military Oceanography Award, Secretary of the Navy
- 1972 Department of Defense Distinguished Public Service Award
- 1972 Secretary of the Navy Certificate of Commendation for Advisory Service, Committee on Undersea Warfare, National Academy of Sciences
- 1976 Distinguished Public Service Award, United States Coast Guard
- 1978 Certificate of Commendation for Outstanding Service on Secretary of the Navy Oceanographic Advisory Committee
- 1995 British Embassy Citation
- 1995 U.S. Army Special Forces Underwater Operations School Award: Lifetime Achievement
- 1996 U.S. Special Forces Green Beret Award
- 2001 U.S. Special Operations Command Medal
- 2005 US Chief of Naval Operations Citation
National Service Activities
- 1953–1960, 1962–1971 Committee on Naval Medical Research, National Research CouncilUnited States National Research CouncilThe National Research Council of the USA is the working arm of the United States National Academies, carrying out most of the studies done in their names.The National Academies include:* National Academy of Sciences...
- 1953–1972 Committee on Undersea Warfare, National Research Council
- 1953–1956 Chairman, Panel on Underwater Swimmers, Committee on Undersea Warfare, National Research Council
- 1954–1960 Chairman, Panel on Shipboard and Submarine Medicine, Committee on Naval Medicine Research, National Research Council
- 1954–1961 Advisory Panel on Medical Sciences, Office of Assistant Secretary of DefenseUnited States Secretary of DefenseThe Secretary of Defense is the head and chief executive officer of the Department of Defense of the United States of America. This position corresponds to what is generally known as a Defense Minister in other countries...
, R and E - 1955–1959 Consultant, U.S. Army Chemical Corps
- 1959–1961 Consultant, Scientific Advisory Board, U.S. Air Force
- 1960–1962 Chairman, Committee on Man-in-Space, Space Science Board, National Academy of SciencesUnited States National Academy of SciencesThe National Academy of Sciences is a corporation in the United States whose members serve pro bono as "advisers to the nation on science, engineering, and medicine." As a national academy, new members of the organization are elected annually by current members, based on their distinguished and...
- 1960–1962 Member, Space Science Board, National Academy of Sciences
- 1962–1980 Consultant, Space Science Board, National Academy of Sciences
- 1967–1970 Member, President's Space Panel, PSAC
- 1968–1977 Oceanographic Advisory Committee, Office of Secretary of the NavyUnited States Secretary of the NavyThe Secretary of the Navy of the United States of America is the head of the Department of the Navy, a component organization of the Department of Defense...
- 1972 Consultant to the Diving Physiology and Technology Panel, U.S.-Japan Cooperative Program in Natural Resources, U.S. Department of the Interior
- 1972–1977 Biomedical Sciences Advisor, National Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationNational Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationThe National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration , pronounced , like "noah", is a scientific agency within the United States Department of Commerce focused on the conditions of the oceans and the atmosphere...
, U.S. Dept. of CommerceUnited States Department of CommerceThe United States Department of Commerce is the Cabinet department of the United States government concerned with promoting economic growth. It was originally created as the United States Department of Commerce and Labor on February 14, 1903... - 1973–1977 Member, The Marine Board, National Academy of EngineeringNational Academy of EngineeringThe National Academy of Engineering is a government-created non-profit institution in the United States, that was founded in 1964 under the same congressional act that led to the founding of the National Academy of Sciences...
- 1973 Member, Smithsonian Advisory Board
- 1983 Chairman, Environmental Sciences Review Committee, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
- 1983–1986 National Undersea Research Center Advisory Board, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
- 1983–1985 Space Medicine Advisory Panel, National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- 1984–1986 Lunar Base Planning Group, National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- 1989–1991 NASA Radiation and Environmental Health Working Group
- 1991–1993 NASA Life Sciences Division Environmental Biomedical Sciences Working Group
- 1992 NASA Life Sciences. Science and Technical Requirements Document for Space Station Freedom
- 1993 NASA JSCLyndon B. Johnson Space CenterThe Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center is the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's center for human spaceflight training, research and flight control. The center consists of a complex of 100 buildings constructed on 1,620 acres in Houston, Texas, USA...
Medical Advisory Board, Hubble Telescope Repair EVAExtra-vehicular activityExtra-vehicular activity is work done by an astronaut away from the Earth, and outside of a spacecraft. The term most commonly applies to an EVA made outside a craft orbiting Earth , but also applies to an EVA made on the surface of the Moon... - 1995 NASA JSC “In-Suit” Doppler Panel
- 1998 Chairman, NASA Advisory Panel, Committee on ISSInternational Space StationThe International Space Station is a habitable, artificial satellite in low Earth orbit. The ISS follows the Salyut, Almaz, Cosmos, Skylab, and Mir space stations, as the 11th space station launched, not including the Genesis I and II prototypes...
DecompressionDecompression sicknessDecompression sickness describes a condition arising from dissolved gases coming out of solution into bubbles inside the body on depressurization...
Risk Definition & Contigency Plan - 1998–1999 Chairman, NASA Life Sciences Decompression Research Peer Reviews
Refereed journals
- Lambertsen, C. J. Physiologic factors in human organ oxygen tolerance extension. SPUMS 20(2): 109–120, April–May 1990.
- Gelfand, R., C.J. Lambertsen, J.M. Clark, N. Egawa and C.D. Puglia. Ventilatory and cardiac adjustments during rapid compressions to pressure equivalents of 400-800-1200-1600 feet of sea water. Med. Aeronaut. Spatiale Med. Subaquat. Hyperbare. 17(65): 114–116, 1978.
- Lambertsen, C.J., J.P.W. Cunnington and J.R.M. Cowley. The dynamics and composition of spontaneous, continuous gas embolism in the pig during isobaric gas counterdiffusion. Fed. Proc. 34: 452, 1975.
of sea water (predictive studies III) |journal=Aviat Space Environ Med |volume=48 |issue=9 |pages=843–53 |year=1977 |month=September |pmid=303098 |doi= |url= }}
- Lambertsen, C.J., and R.W. Bullard (eds.). Temperature limitations in manned undersea and aerospace operations. Aerospace Med. 41: 1263–1288, 1970.
- Lambertsen, C.J. (ed.). Modern aspects of treatment of decompression sickness. Aerospace Med. 39: 1055–1093, 1968.
- Daly, M. deB., C.J. Lambertsen and A. Schweitzer. The effects upon the bronchial musculature of altering the oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions of the blood perfusing the brain. J. Physiol. 119(2&3): 292–314, 1953.
- Lambertsen, C.J., R.H. Kough, D.Y. Cooper, G.L. Emmel, H.H. Loeschcke and C.F. Schmidt. Comparison of relationship of respiratory minute volume to PCO2 and pH of arterial and internal jugular blood in normal man during hyperventilation produced by low concentrations of CO2 at 1 atmosphere and by O2 at 3.0 atmospheres. J. Appl. Physiol. 5(12): 803–813, 1953.
- Lambertsen, C.J. Problems of shallow water diving. Report based on experiences of operational swimmers of the Office of Strategic Services. Occup. Med. 3: 230–245, 1947.
- Lambertsen, C.J., and L. Godfrey. A small efficient hood for oxygen therapy. J.A.M.A. 125: 492–493, 1944.
- Lambertsen, C.J. A diving apparatus for life saving work. J.A.M.A. 116: 1387–1389, 1941.
- Atkinson, W.J., Jr., J.L. Dean, E.H. Kennerdell and C.J. Lambertsen. A multiple anomaly of the human heart and pulmonary veins. Anat. Record 78(3): 383–388, 1940.
Patents
- 1944 for Use Under Water
- 1944 for Use Under Water
- 1947
- 1948 for Use Under Water
- 1952 for Breathing Apparatus
- 1957 for Oxygen Rebreathing Apparatus
- 1959 for use Under Water
- 1974
- 1974 for Underwater Work and Oil Trapping
- 1989