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Battle of Chesma

 

 
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The navalNaval battle

A naval battle is a battle fought using ships or other waterborne vessels....
 Battle of Chesma took place on 5-7 July 1770 near and in ÇesmeÇesme

?esme is a coastal town and a district center in Turkey's western end, on a promontory on the tip of the peninsula of the sa...
 (Chesma) Bay, in the area between Asia Minor and the island of ChiosChios

Kirlian photography refers to a form of contact print photography, theoretically associated with high-voltage....
, the site of a number of past naval battles between TurkeyOttoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire , is also sometimes known in the West as the Turkish Empire....
 and VeniceVenice

Venice is the capital of the region of Veneto and the province of the same name in Italy....
. It was part of the Orlov RevoltOrlov Revolt

The Orlov Revolt was a precursor to the Greek War of Independence, which saw a Greek uprising in the Peloponnese at the inst...
 of 1769, a precursor to the later Greek War of IndependenceGreek War of Independence

The Greek War of Independence, also known as the Greek Revolution, was a successful war waged by the Greeks to win ind...
 (1821-29), and the first of a number of disastrous fleet battles for Turkey against RussiaRussia

Russia , also the Russian Federation , is a country that stretches over a vast expanse of Eurasia....
.
Prelude to battleThe Russo-Turkish WarRusso-Turkish War, 1768-1774 Overview

The Russo-Turkish War of 1768-1774 was a decisive conflict that brought Southern Ukraine, Northern Caucasus, and Crimea with...
 had begun in 1768, and Russia sent several squadrons from the Baltic SeaBaltic Sea

The Baltic Sea is located in Northern Europe, from 53N to 66N latitude and from 20E to 26E longitude....
 to the Mediterranean SeaMediterranean Sea

The Mediterranean Sea is a part of the Atlantic Ocean almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Europe, on the sou...
 to draw TurkishOttoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire , is also sometimes known in the West as the Turkish Empire....
 attention away from their Black SeaBlack Sea

The Black Sea is an inland sea between southeastern Europe and Anatolia that is actually a distant arm of the Atlantic Ocean...
 fleet, then only 6 battleshipShip of the line

In the age of sail, after the development of the line of battle tactic in the mid 17th century, and up to the mid 19th century, a ...
s (ships of the line) strong. Two Russian squadrons, commanded by AdmiralAdmiral

Admiral is the rank, or part of the name of the ranks, of the highest naval officers. ...
 Grigory SpiridovGrigory Spiridov

Grigory Andreyevich Spiridov, 1790, Moscow) was a leading Russian naval commander and admiral....
 and Rear AdmiralRear Admiral

Rear Admiral is a naval commissioned officer rank that originated from the days of Naval Sailing Squadrons and can trace its...
 John Elphinstone, a British advisor, combined under the overall command of Count Alexey Orlov, Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Fleet and went to look for the Turkish fleet.

On 5 July 1770 they came across it anchored in line just north of Çesme Bay, western Turkey.






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Timeline

1770   Battle of Chesma and Battle of Larga between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire.






Encyclopedia


The navalNaval battle

A naval battle is a battle fought using ships or other waterborne vessels....
 Battle of Chesma took place on 5-7 July 1770 near and in ÇesmeÇesme

?esme is a coastal town and a district center in Turkey's western end, on a promontory on the tip of the peninsula of the sa...
 (Chesma) Bay, in the area between Asia Minor and the island of ChiosChios

Kirlian photography refers to a form of contact print photography, theoretically associated with high-voltage....
, the site of a number of past naval battles between TurkeyOttoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire , is also sometimes known in the West as the Turkish Empire....
 and VeniceVenice

Venice is the capital of the region of Veneto and the province of the same name in Italy....
. It was part of the Orlov RevoltOrlov Revolt

The Orlov Revolt was a precursor to the Greek War of Independence, which saw a Greek uprising in the Peloponnese at the inst...
 of 1769, a precursor to the later Greek War of IndependenceGreek War of Independence

The Greek War of Independence, also known as the Greek Revolution, was a successful war waged by the Greeks to win ind...
 (1821-29), and the first of a number of disastrous fleet battles for Turkey against RussiaRussia

Russia , also the Russian Federation , is a country that stretches over a vast expanse of Eurasia....
.

Prelude to battle

The Russo-Turkish WarRusso-Turkish War, 1768-1774 Overview

The Russo-Turkish War of 1768-1774 was a decisive conflict that brought Southern Ukraine, Northern Caucasus, and Crimea with...
 had begun in 1768, and Russia sent several squadrons from the Baltic SeaBaltic Sea

The Baltic Sea is located in Northern Europe, from 53N to 66N latitude and from 20E to 26E longitude....
 to the Mediterranean SeaMediterranean Sea

The Mediterranean Sea is a part of the Atlantic Ocean almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Europe, on the sou...
 to draw TurkishOttoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire , is also sometimes known in the West as the Turkish Empire....
 attention away from their Black SeaBlack Sea

The Black Sea is an inland sea between southeastern Europe and Anatolia that is actually a distant arm of the Atlantic Ocean...
 fleet, then only 6 battleshipShip of the line

In the age of sail, after the development of the line of battle tactic in the mid 17th century, and up to the mid 19th century, a ...
s (ships of the line) strong. Two Russian squadrons, commanded by AdmiralAdmiral

Admiral is the rank, or part of the name of the ranks, of the highest naval officers. ...
 Grigory SpiridovGrigory Spiridov

Grigory Andreyevich Spiridov, 1790, Moscow) was a leading Russian naval commander and admiral....
 and Rear AdmiralRear Admiral

Rear Admiral is a naval commissioned officer rank that originated from the days of Naval Sailing Squadrons and can trace its...
 John Elphinstone, a British advisor, combined under the overall command of Count Alexey Orlov, Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Fleet and went to look for the Turkish fleet.

On 5 July 1770 they came across it anchored in line just north of Çesme Bay, western Turkey. Details of the Turkish fleet are uncertain but it included 14-16 ships of the line including Real Mustafa of 84 guns, Rodos of 60 guns and a 100-gun flagship. In addition there were perhaps 6 frigateFrigate

Frigate is a name which has been used for several distinct types of warships at different times....
s, 6 xebecXebec

The term xebec refers to a small, fast vessel of the 16th to 19th centuries, used almost exclusively in the Mediterranean Se...
s, 13 galleyGalley

The term galley can refer to any ship propelled primarily by man-power, using oars....
s and 32 small craft, with about 1300 guns in total. 10 of the ships of the line, of 70-100 guns, were in the Turkish main line with a further 6 or so ships of the line in the 2nd, arranged so that they could fire through the gaps in the first line. Behind that were the frigates, xebecs etc. The fleet was commanded by Kaptan PashaKaptan Pasha

Kaptan Pasha or ??????? ???? Kaptan-i Derya were the titles given to the chief commander of the navy in the Ottoman E...
 Hüsameddin, in the fourth ship from the front (north end) of the line, with Hasan PashaCezayirli Gazi Hasan Pasha

Cezayirli Gazi Hasan Pasha, was an Ottoman grand vizier and a navy and army commander of the late 18th century....
 in the first ship, Real Mustafa, and Cafer Bey in the seventh. Two further ships of the line, probably small, had left this fleet for MytileneFacts About Mytilene

Mytilene, also Mytilini is the capital city of Lesbos, a Greek island in the Aegean Sea, and the Lesbos Prefecture as ...
 the previous evening.

After organizing a plan of attack, the Russian battle line (see Table 1) sailed towards the south end of the Turkish line and then turned north, coming alongside the Turks, with the tail end coming into action last (Elphinston had wanted to approach the northern end first, then follow the wind along the Turkish line, attacking their ships one by one - the method used by NelsonHoratio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson

Vice-Admiral Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson, KB was an English admiral famous for his participation in the Napoleonic...
 at the Battle of the NileBattle of the Nile

This article is about the 18th century French/British naval battle in Aboukir Bay, Egypt....
 in 1798).

Significance


The Battle of Chesma was fought on the same day as the land Battle of LargaFacts About Battle of Larga

The Battle of Larga was fought between 80,000 Crimean Tatars and Turkish janissaries and 38,000 Russians under Field-Marshal...
. It was the greatest naval defeat suffered by Turkey since the Battle of Lepanto (1571)Battle of Lepanto (1571)

The naval Battle of Lepanto took place on 7 October 1571 when a galley fleet of the Holy League, a sometimes-flimsy coalitio...
. This battle inspired great confidence in the Russian fleet and allowed the Russians to control the Aegean Sea for some time. The defeat of the Turkish fleet also sped up rebellions by minority groups in the Ottoman Empire, especially the Orthodox Christian nations in the Balkan peninsula, who helped the Russian army in defeating Turkey.

Catherine the Great commissioned four monuments to commemorate the victory: Chesma Palace and Church of Saint John at Chesme PalaceChurch of Saint John at Chesme Palace

The Church of Saint John at Chesme Palace is a small Russian Orthodox church completed by architect Yury Velten in 1780 at t...
 in St Petersburg (1774-77), Chesma Obelisk in GatchinaFacts About Gatchina

Gatchina is a town in Leningrad Oblast, Russia, located 45 km south of St. Petersburg by the road leading to Pskov...
 (1775), and Chesma Column in Tsarskoe Selo (1778).

See also

  • Action of 27 May 1770
  • Action of 6 November 1772
  • Action of 4 July 1773
  • Action of 3 September 1773
  • Action of 20 June 1774