Bad Iburg

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Bad Iburg

Bad Iburg is a town in the district of Osnabrück

Osnabrück (district)

Osnabr?ck is a districts of Germany in the southwest of Lower Saxony, Germany. With 2,121 km? it is the second largest district of Lower Saxony....
, in Lower Saxony

Lower Saxony

Lower Saxony lies in northern Germany and is second in area and fourth in population among the sixteen States of Germany of Germany. In rural areas Low German is still spoken, but the number of speakers is declining....
, Germany

Germany

Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....
. It is situated in the Teutoburg Forest

Teutoburg Forest

The Teutoburg Forest is a range of low, forested mountains in the Germany states of Lower Saxony and North Rhine-Westphalia which was believed to be the scene of Battle of the Teutoburg Forest in AD 9....
, 16 km south of Osnabrück

Osnabrück

Municipality

A municipality is an administrative entity composed of a clearly defined territory and its population and commonly denotes a city, town, or village, or a small grouping of them....
which includes the town and four outlying centres: Glane, Ostenfelde, Sentrup and Visbeck.

The most important building is Schloss Iburg above the city. It is a complex of a castle

Castle

A castle is a defensive structure seen as one of the main symbols of the Middle Ages. The term has a history of scholarly debate surrounding its exact meaning, but it is usually regarded as being distinct from the general terms fort or fortress in that it describes a residence of a monarch or noble and commands a specific defensive territor...
which was the residence of the bishops of Osnabrück for six hundred years and a former monastery

Monastery

Monastery , a term derived from the Greek language word ???ast?????, neut. of ???ast????? - monasterios denotes the building, or complex of buildings, that houses a room reserved for prayer as well as the domestic quarters and workplace of Monk, whether monks or nuns, and whether living in Cenobium or alone ....
of the Order of Saint Benedict

Order of Saint Benedict

The Order of Saint Benedict is a Roman Catholic religious order of independent Christian monasticism Cenobium that observe the Rule of St. Benedict....
.
History
Bad Iburg was first mentioned in 753 in a Frankish

Franks

The Franks or Frankish people were a West Germanic ethnic group first identified in the 3rd century as living north and east of the Lower Rhine River....
document.

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Encyclopedia

Bad Iburg is a town in the district of Osnabrück

Osnabrück (district)

Osnabr?ck is a districts of Germany in the southwest of Lower Saxony, Germany. With 2,121 km? it is the second largest district of Lower Saxony....
, in Lower Saxony

Lower Saxony

Germany

Teutoburg Forest

Osnabrück

Municipality

Castle

Monastery

Order of Saint Benedict

The Order of Saint Benedict is a Roman Catholic religious order of independent Christian monasticism Cenobium that observe the Rule of St. Benedict....
.

History

Bad Iburg was first mentioned in 753 in a Frankish

Franks

The Franks or Frankish people were a West Germanic ethnic group first identified in the 3rd century as living north and east of the Lower Rhine River....
document. In 772 the Frankish King

List of Frankish Kings

The Franks were originally led by Dux and Rex . The Salian Franks Merovingian dynasty rose to dominance among the Franks and conquered most of Roman Gaul....
Charlemagne

Charlemagne

Charlemagne was List of Frankish kings from 768 to his death. He expanded the Franks kingdoms into a Carolingian Empire that incorporated much of Western Europe and Central Europe....
captured the “Royal castle Iburg”, from his chief antagonist, the Saxon

Saxons

The Saxons were a confederation of Germanic peoples. Their modern-day descendants in Saxony are considered ethnic Germans; those in the eastern Netherlands are considered to be ethnic Dutch people; those in north eastern Belgium are considered to be ethnic Flemish people; and those in southern England ethnic English people ....
leader Widukind

Widukind

Widukind was a Saxons leader and the chief opponent of Charlemagne during the Saxon Wars. In later times, he became a symbol of Saxon independence and a figure of legend, and was stylized as a prototypical Germanic peoples hero....
. In a lasting period of struggles the ownership changed between Franks and Saxons. Frankish troops finally regained the castle in 783.

Bad Iburg became of more than local importance in the eleventh century when Bishop Benno I (1052-1067) built a new castle on the ruins of the first fortification. This castle was also ruined so Benno I's successor Bishop Benno II of Osnabrück

Benno II of Osnabrück

Benno II, Bishop of Osnabr?ck was born at Luningen in Swabia and died 27 July1088, in the Benedictine monastery of Iburg near Osnabr?ck.His parents sent him at an early age to the monastic school of Strasburg where the learned Herman Contractus of Reichenau was then teaching....
(1068-1088) built another castle. He also founded a Benedictine

Benedictine

Benedictine refers to the spirituality and consecrated life in accordance with the Rule of St Benedict, written by Benedict of Nursia in the sixth century for the cenobitic communities he founded in central Italy....
monastery, the first twelve monks came from Mainz

Mainz

Mainz is a city in Germany and the capital of the Germany States of Germany of Rhineland-Palatinate. It was a politically important seat of the Prince-elector of Mainz under the Holy Roman Empire, and previously was a Roman Empire fort city which commanded the west bank of the Rhine River and formed part of the northernmost frontier of th...
. An interesting feature of the Roman Catholic church of St. Clemens is the hagioscope

Hagioscope

A hagioscope or squint, in architecture, is an opening through the wall of a church in an oblique direction, to enable the worshippers in the transepts or other parts of the church, from which the altar was not visible, to see the elevation of viaticum....
, which allowed lepers

Leprosy

Leprosy , or Hansen's disease , is a Chronic disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium lepromatosis. Leprosy is primarily a granulomatous disease of the Peripheral nervous system and Mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract; skin lesions are the primary external symptom....
to view the service from outside. Bishop Benno II was buried in St. Clemens, the monastery's church.

About 1100, after a large fire in Osnabrück, the castle became the residence of Osnabrück’s bishops. This period ended when Ernest Augustus, Elector of Hanover, duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg

Brunswick-Lüneburg

Brunswick-L?neburg was a historical duchy during the period from the late Middle Ages through the late Early Modern era within the North-Western domains of the Holy Roman Empire....
and Protestant Prince-Bishop of Osnabrück

Prince-Bishopric of Osnabrück

The Prince-Bishopric of Osnabr?ck was a prince-bishopric centered on the Roman Catholic Diocese of Osnabr?ck. The diocese was erected in 772 and is the oldest see founded by Charlemagne, in order to Christianize the conquered stem-duchy of Duchy of Saxony....
built a baroque

Baroque

In the the arts, the Baroque was a Western cultural Epoch , starting roughly at the beginning of the 17th century in Rome, Italy. It was exemplified by drama and grandeur in Baroque sculpture, Baroque painting, literature, Baroque dance, and Baroque music....
castle in Osnabrück to which he and his family moved in 1673. He added the small Protestant church Evangelisch-lutherische Schlosskirche to the Iburg castle, thus the complex of castle and monastery has had two churches, Protestant and Catholic, since the 17th century. In 1668 Sophia Charlotte of Hanover

Sophia Charlotte of Hanover

Sophia Charlotte of Hanover was the daughter of Ernest Augustus, Elector of Hanover and Sophia of the Palatinate. Her eldest brother George I of Great Britain would succeed to the United Kingdom throne in 1714 as King George I....
, the only daughter of Ernest Augustus and his wife Sophia of the Palatinate, was born in Schloss Iburg. She became the first Queen of Prussia. Of special importance is the castle's Rittersaal (hall of knights). The ceiling in pseudo-architecture was painted by Andrea Alovisii.

The monastery site has a baroque building designed by Johann Conrad Schlaun in Abbot

Abbot

The word abbot, meaning father, is a title given to the head of a monastery in various traditions, including Christianity. The office may also be given as an honorary title to a clergyman who is not actually the head of a monastery....
Adolph Hane’s (1706-1768) time. The monastery was active until 1803 when it was secularisated

Secularization

Secularization or secularisation generally refers to people of transformation by which a society migrates from close identification with religious institutions to a more separated relationship....
by the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss

German Mediatisation

The German Mediatisation was the series of Mediatization and Secularization that occurred in Germany in 1795–1814, during the latter part of the era of the French Revolution and then the Napoleon Bonaparte....
.

In 1534 Bad Iburg was involved in the Münster Rebellion

Münster Rebellion

The M?nster Rebellion was an attempt by radical Anabaptists to establish a theocracy in the Germany city of M?nster. The city became an Anabaptist center from 1534 to 1535, and fell under Anabaptist rule for 18 months — from February 1534, when the city hall was seized and Bernhard Knipperdolling installed as mayor, until its fall in...
when six Anabaptist

Anabaptist

Anabaptists are Christianity of the Radical Reformation. Various groups at various times have been called Anabaptist, but the term is most commonly used to refer to the Anabaptists of 16th century Europe....
s were captured on their way from Münster to Osnabrück and imprisoned in the octagonal tower of the castle called the Bennoturm (Benno's Tower). Five of them died during torture or were executed, the sixth was set free after betraying the plans of Johann Bockelson

John of Leiden

John of Leiden , was an Anabaptist leader from the Netherlands city of Leiden. He was the illegitimate son of a Dutch mayor, and a tailor's apprentice by trade....
, the leader of the Anabaptists.

In 1910 the crash of the zeppelin

Zeppelin

For the English rock group, please see Led Zeppelin. For other meanings please see Zeppelin .A Zeppelin is a type of rigid airship pioneered by the German Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin in the early 20th century, based on designs he had outlined in 1874, designs he had detailed in 1893, and that were reviewed by committee in 1894, which h...
LZ7 Deutschland near Bad Iburg, brought international attention. The airship had had its maiden voyage on June 19th 1910, and nine days later was on a pleasure trip to popularize the zeppelin. On board were 19 journalists, among them two reporters of well known British newspapers. In bad weather, the crew decided to go to Osnabrück

Osnabrück

Osnabr?ck is a city in Lower Saxony, Germany, some 80 km NNE of Dortmund, 45 km NE of M?nster, and some 100 km due west of Hannover. It lies in a valley penned between the Wiehengebirge and the northern tip of the Teutoburg Forest....
, passing over the Teutoburg Forest. The airship crashed into Mount Limberg on June 28th 1910, just after 5 p.m. Nobody was injured. A monument with a portrait of Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin

Ferdinand von Zeppelin

Ferdinand Adolf August Heinrich Graf von Zeppelin also called Count Zeppelin) was a German aircraft manufacturer, the founder of the Zeppelin Airship company....
was erected on Mount Limberg after the crash, the inscription reads, Trotzdem vorwärts (Ahead nevertheless).

On January 18th 1962 a plane of British Royal Air Force crashed at Mount Dörenberg. The two pilots, 24 and 26 years old, died. A monument at Dörenberg commemorates them.

Museums

Bad Iburg has three museums, Schlossmuseum mit Münzkabinett, the castle museum, which includes a numismatic department, the Uhrenmuseum (a clock museum), and Averbecks Speicher, a museum of local history in a former farm’s storehouse in Glane.

Churches

The Fleckenskirche St. Nikolaus dates from the 13. century. The roman catholic church is the oldest Hall Church

Hall church

A hall church is a church with nave and side aisles of approximately equal height, often united under a single immense roof.In contrast to a traditional basilica, which lets in light through a clerestory in the upper part of the nave, a hall church is lit through windowed side walls typically spanning the full height of the interior....
in the Osnabrück district

Osnabrück (district)

Osnabr?ck is a districts of Germany in the southwest of Lower Saxony, Germany. With 2,121 km? it is the second largest district of Lower Saxony....
.

St. Jakobus der Ältere in Glane was erected in 1904/1905. The roman catholic church in Gothic Revival architecture

Gothic Revival architecture

The Gothic Revival is an Architectural style which began in the 1740s in England. Its popularity grew rapidly in the early nineteenth century, when increasingly serious and learned admirers of neo-Gothic styles sought to revive Middle Ages forms in contrast to the Neoclassical architecture styles which were then prevalent....
contains a pietà from 1420.

St. Clemens in the castle complex was the church of the benedictine monastery. A Hagioscope

Hagioscope

Buildings

The Jagdschlösschen (hunting château), also known as Altes Forsthaus Freudenthal, was erected in 1595 by prince bishop Philipp Sigismund von Wolfenbüttel.

The Schlossmühle, the castle's mill, was also erected by Philipp Sigismund.

The Gografenhof, a classicism building, is used as the town hall since 1967. The kurhaus was opened in 1967.

Burg Scheventorf is a former water castle built in 1552, but it's history dates from the 14. century. It is situated south of the city centre. Nearby Schleppenburg which was destroyed was also a water castle.

Sculptures

Bad Iburg has a number of sculptures made by Hans Gerd Ruwe from Osnabrück. These are the sculpture of Bishop Benno II, founder of the monastery, near the town hall, the Handwerkerbrunnen (craftsmen's fountain) in Große Straße, and the Trommlerbrunnen (drummer boy's fountain) in Glane. The Trommlerbrunnen reminds of the conferment of becoming a market town

Market town

Market town or market right is a law term, originating in the medieval period, for a European settlement that has the right to host Market, distinguishing them from villages and city....
in 1764.