Augusto de Vasconcelos
Encyclopedia
Augusto César de Almeida de Vasconcelos Correia, GCSE (Lisbon
, Santos o Velho, September 24, 1867 – Lisbon
, Santa Catarina, September 27, 1951), better known as Augusto de Vasconcelos (awˈɡuʃtu dɨ vaʃkõˈsɛluʃ) was a Portuguese
surgeon
, politician
and diplomat
.
of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Lisbon.
A Republic
an since his youth, he was Minister of Foreign Affairs of the first Constitutional Government of the Portuguese First Republic
, whose Prime Minister was João Pinheiro Chagas
, from October 12, 1911 to November 12, 1911. He succeeded Chagas as Prime Minister of another Portuguese Republican Party
government, which was in power from November 11, 1911 to June 4, 1912. In that government, too, he held the post of Foreign Minister as well as that of Prime Minister. He was Foreign Minister again from June 16, 1912 to January 9, 1913.
Later he served as Plenipotentiary Minister in Madrid (1913–1914) and London (1914–1919), during World War I, which Portugal entered
in 1916 on the Allies
' side. Subsequently he led the Portuguese delegation at the Peace Conference
, in Paris, in 1919.
After that he concentrated on diplomacy, in the service of the League of Nations
as a Delegate
of Portugal. He helped to solve international conflicts, like the Chaco War
between Bolivia and Paraguay in 1935. From 1935 to 1937 he occupied the office of President of the League of Nations.
es of the Order of Saint James of the Sword, the Order of Isabel the Catholic
, the Order of the Crown
of Belgium
and both the Orders of Merit of Chile
and Peru
and was Grand Officer of the Légion d'honneur
of France
, etc.
, Santos-o-Velho or Santa Catarina, December 21, 1837 – Lisbon
, Santos-o-Velho, December 31, 1910), an Engineer
and a Shipbuilder, and wife (m. Lisbon
, Encarnação) Constança Libânia Auta de Almeida (Lisbon
, Santos o Velho, c. 1840 – Lisbon
, Santos-o-Velho, March 13, 1926). His father was a natural son of António César de Vasconcelos Correia, 1st Viscount
and 1st Count
of Torres Novas
and 93rd Governor-General
of India
, thus being a second cousin once removed of Fernando Peyroteo
and three times removed of José Couceiro.
He married in Lisbon
, Santa Catarina, Hermínia Laura de Albuquerque Henriques Moreira (Castelo Branco
, Sé, September 2, 1869 – Lisbon
, Santa Catarina, September 28, 1947), widow of Augusto Pereira Leite and daughter of José Joaquim Henriques Moreira (Lisbon
, Alcântara, April 29, 1820 – January 6, 1895), Division General
, Commander
of the Municipal Guard, Commander of the Order of Aviz
and Knight
of the Order of the Tower and Sword
, etc., and wife (m. November 7, 1868) Maria Hermínia de Albuquerque de Mesquita e Paiva (October 15, 1844 – June 7, 1910), daughter of the 2nd Viscount
(formerly Baron
s) of Oleiros
, and had:
Lisbon
Lisbon is the capital city and largest city of Portugal with a population of 545,245 within its administrative limits on a land area of . The urban area of Lisbon extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of 3 million on an area of , making it the 9th most populous urban...
, Santos o Velho, September 24, 1867 – Lisbon
Lisbon
Lisbon is the capital city and largest city of Portugal with a population of 545,245 within its administrative limits on a land area of . The urban area of Lisbon extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of 3 million on an area of , making it the 9th most populous urban...
, Santa Catarina, September 27, 1951), better known as Augusto de Vasconcelos (awˈɡuʃtu dɨ vaʃkõˈsɛluʃ) was a Portuguese
Portuguese people
The Portuguese are a nation and ethnic group native to the country of Portugal, in the west of the Iberian peninsula of south-west Europe. Their language is Portuguese, and Roman Catholicism is the predominant religion....
surgeon
Surgeon
In medicine, a surgeon is a specialist in surgery. Surgery is a broad category of invasive medical treatment that involves the cutting of a body, whether human or animal, for a specific reason such as the removal of diseased tissue or to repair a tear or breakage...
, politician
Politician
A politician, political leader, or political figure is an individual who is involved in influencing public policy and decision making...
and diplomat
Diplomat
A diplomat is a person appointed by a state to conduct diplomacy with another state or international organization. The main functions of diplomats revolve around the representation and protection of the interests and nationals of the sending state, as well as the promotion of information and...
.
Career
He graduated at the Lisbon Medic-Cirurgical School, in 1891, were he also taught, later becoming a ProfessorProfessor
A professor is a scholarly teacher; the precise meaning of the term varies by country. Literally, professor derives from Latin as a "person who professes" being usually an expert in arts or sciences; a teacher of high rank...
of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Lisbon.
A Republic
Republic
A republic is a form of government in which the people, or some significant portion of them, have supreme control over the government and where offices of state are elected or chosen by elected people. In modern times, a common simplified definition of a republic is a government where the head of...
an since his youth, he was Minister of Foreign Affairs of the first Constitutional Government of the Portuguese First Republic
Portuguese First Republic
The Portuguese First Republic spans a complex 16 year period in the history of Portugal, between the end of the period of constitutional monarchy marked by the 5 October 1910 revolution and the 28 May coup d'état of 1926...
, whose Prime Minister was João Pinheiro Chagas
João Pinheiro Chagas
João Pinheiro Chagas was a Portuguese journalist and politician. He was born in Brazil, from Portuguese parents who soon moved back to Portugal. He was an editor at the newspapers "O Primeiro de Janeiro", "Correio do Norte", "O Tempo" and "O Dia"...
, from October 12, 1911 to November 12, 1911. He succeeded Chagas as Prime Minister of another Portuguese Republican Party
Portuguese Republican Party
The Portuguese Republican Party was a Portuguese political party formed during the late years of monarchy that proposed and conducted the substitution of the Constitutional Monarchy by the Portuguese First Republic....
government, which was in power from November 11, 1911 to June 4, 1912. In that government, too, he held the post of Foreign Minister as well as that of Prime Minister. He was Foreign Minister again from June 16, 1912 to January 9, 1913.
Later he served as Plenipotentiary Minister in Madrid (1913–1914) and London (1914–1919), during World War I, which Portugal entered
Portugal in the Great War
Despite its old alliance with Britain started with the Treaty of Windsor in 1386 , Portugal did not initially form part of the system of alliances involved in World War I and thus initially kept its neutrality...
in 1916 on the Allies
Allies of World War I
The Entente Powers were the countries at war with the Central Powers during World War I. The members of the Triple Entente were the United Kingdom, France, and the Russian Empire; Italy entered the war on their side in 1915...
' side. Subsequently he led the Portuguese delegation at the Peace Conference
Paris Peace Conference, 1919
The Paris Peace Conference was the meeting of the Allied victors following the end of World War I to set the peace terms for the defeated Central Powers following the armistices of 1918. It took place in Paris in 1919 and involved diplomats from more than 32 countries and nationalities...
, in Paris, in 1919.
After that he concentrated on diplomacy, in the service of the League of Nations
League of Nations
The League of Nations was an intergovernmental organization founded as a result of the Paris Peace Conference that ended the First World War. It was the first permanent international organization whose principal mission was to maintain world peace...
as a Delegate
Delegate
A delegate is a person who speaks or acts on behalf of an organization at a meeting or conference between organizations of the same level A delegate is a person who speaks or acts on behalf of an organization (e.g., a government, a charity, an NGO, or a trade union) at a meeting or conference...
of Portugal. He helped to solve international conflicts, like the Chaco War
Chaco War
The Chaco War was fought between Bolivia and Paraguay over control of the northern part of the Gran Chaco region of South America, which was incorrectly thought to be rich in oil. It is also referred to as La Guerra de la Sed in literary circles for being fought in the semi-arid Chaco...
between Bolivia and Paraguay in 1935. From 1935 to 1937 he occupied the office of President of the League of Nations.
Decorations
He received the Grand CrossGrand Cross
The phrase Grand Cross is used to denote the highest grade in many orders of knighthood. Sometimes the holders of the highest grade are referred to "knights grand cross" or just "grand crosses"; in other cases the actual insignia itself is called "the grand cross".Alternatively, in some other...
es of the Order of Saint James of the Sword, the Order of Isabel the Catholic
Order of Isabel the Catholic
The Order of Isabella the Catholic is a Spanish civil order granted in recognition of services that benefit the country. The Order is not exclusive to Spaniards, and many foreigners have been awarded it....
, the Order of the Crown
Order of the Crown (Belgium)
The Order of the Crown is an Order of Belgium which was created on 15 October 1897 by King Leopold II in his capacity as ruler of the Congo Free State. The order was first intended to recognize heroic deeds and distinguished service achieved from service in the Congo Free State - many of which acts...
of Belgium
Belgium
Belgium , officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a federal state in Western Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts the EU's headquarters, and those of several other major international organisations such as NATO.Belgium is also a member of, or affiliated to, many...
and both the Orders of Merit of Chile
Chile
Chile ,officially the Republic of Chile , is a country in South America occupying a long, narrow coastal strip between the Andes mountains to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far...
and Peru
Peru
Peru , officially the Republic of Peru , is a country in western South America. It is bordered on the north by Ecuador and Colombia, on the east by Brazil, on the southeast by Bolivia, on the south by Chile, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean....
and was Grand Officer of the Légion d'honneur
Légion d'honneur
The Legion of Honour, or in full the National Order of the Legion of Honour is a French order established by Napoleon Bonaparte, First Consul of the Consulat which succeeded to the First Republic, on 19 May 1802...
of France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
, etc.
Family
He was a son of Júlio César de Vasconcelos Correia (LisbonLisbon
Lisbon is the capital city and largest city of Portugal with a population of 545,245 within its administrative limits on a land area of . The urban area of Lisbon extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of 3 million on an area of , making it the 9th most populous urban...
, Santos-o-Velho or Santa Catarina, December 21, 1837 – Lisbon
Lisbon
Lisbon is the capital city and largest city of Portugal with a population of 545,245 within its administrative limits on a land area of . The urban area of Lisbon extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of 3 million on an area of , making it the 9th most populous urban...
, Santos-o-Velho, December 31, 1910), an Engineer
Engineer
An engineer is a professional practitioner of engineering, concerned with applying scientific knowledge, mathematics and ingenuity to develop solutions for technical problems. Engineers design materials, structures, machines and systems while considering the limitations imposed by practicality,...
and a Shipbuilder, and wife (m. Lisbon
Lisbon
Lisbon is the capital city and largest city of Portugal with a population of 545,245 within its administrative limits on a land area of . The urban area of Lisbon extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of 3 million on an area of , making it the 9th most populous urban...
, Encarnação) Constança Libânia Auta de Almeida (Lisbon
Lisbon
Lisbon is the capital city and largest city of Portugal with a population of 545,245 within its administrative limits on a land area of . The urban area of Lisbon extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of 3 million on an area of , making it the 9th most populous urban...
, Santos o Velho, c. 1840 – Lisbon
Lisbon
Lisbon is the capital city and largest city of Portugal with a population of 545,245 within its administrative limits on a land area of . The urban area of Lisbon extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of 3 million on an area of , making it the 9th most populous urban...
, Santos-o-Velho, March 13, 1926). His father was a natural son of António César de Vasconcelos Correia, 1st Viscount
Viscount
A viscount or viscountess is a member of the European nobility whose comital title ranks usually, as in the British peerage, above a baron, below an earl or a count .-Etymology:...
and 1st Count
Count
A count or countess is an aristocratic nobleman in European countries. The word count came into English from the French comte, itself from Latin comes—in its accusative comitem—meaning "companion", and later "companion of the emperor, delegate of the emperor". The adjective form of the word is...
of Torres Novas
Torres Novas
Torres Novas is a municipality in Portugal with a total area of 270.0 km² and a total population of 37,155 inhabitants.The municipality is composed of 17 parishes, and is located in the district of Santarém. The city of Torres Novas has about 15,000 inhabitants. This city has a castle...
and 93rd Governor-General
Governor-General
A Governor-General, is a vice-regal person of a monarch in an independent realm or a major colonial circonscription. Depending on the political arrangement of the territory, a Governor General can be a governor of high rank, or a principal governor ranking above "ordinary" governors.- Current uses...
of India
Portuguese India
The Portuguese Viceroyalty of India , later the Portuguese State of India , was the aggregate of Portugal's colonial holdings in India.The government started in 1505, six years after the discovery of a sea route to India by Vasco da Gama, with the nomination of the first Viceroy Francisco de...
, thus being a second cousin once removed of Fernando Peyroteo
Fernando Peyroteo
Fernando Baptista Seixas Peyroteo was a Portuguese footballer....
and three times removed of José Couceiro.
He married in Lisbon
Lisbon
Lisbon is the capital city and largest city of Portugal with a population of 545,245 within its administrative limits on a land area of . The urban area of Lisbon extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of 3 million on an area of , making it the 9th most populous urban...
, Santa Catarina, Hermínia Laura de Albuquerque Henriques Moreira (Castelo Branco
Castelo Branco, Portugal
The city of Castelo Branco is made up of one parish with a population of 30,649.It is located in Castelo Branco Municipality in Castelo Branco District.-History and landmarks:...
, Sé, September 2, 1869 – Lisbon
Lisbon
Lisbon is the capital city and largest city of Portugal with a population of 545,245 within its administrative limits on a land area of . The urban area of Lisbon extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of 3 million on an area of , making it the 9th most populous urban...
, Santa Catarina, September 28, 1947), widow of Augusto Pereira Leite and daughter of José Joaquim Henriques Moreira (Lisbon
Lisbon
Lisbon is the capital city and largest city of Portugal with a population of 545,245 within its administrative limits on a land area of . The urban area of Lisbon extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of 3 million on an area of , making it the 9th most populous urban...
, Alcântara, April 29, 1820 – January 6, 1895), Division General
Division General
Division General was a military rank in the Bosnian army from 1992 to 1998.See also: Divisional General...
, Commander
Commander
Commander is a naval rank which is also sometimes used as a military title depending on the individual customs of a given military service. Commander is also used as a rank or title in some organizations outside of the armed forces, particularly in police and law enforcement.-Commander as a naval...
of the Municipal Guard, Commander of the Order of Aviz
Order of Aviz
The Military Order of Aviz , previously to 1910 Royal Military Order of Aviz , previously to 1789 Order of Saint Benedict of Aviz , previously Knights of St. Benedict of Aviz or Friars of Santa Maria of Évora, is a Portuguese Order of Chivalry...
and Knight
Knight
A knight was a member of a class of lower nobility in the High Middle Ages.By the Late Middle Ages, the rank had become associated with the ideals of chivalry, a code of conduct for the perfect courtly Christian warrior....
of the Order of the Tower and Sword
Order of the Tower and Sword
The Military Order of the Tower and of the Sword, of Valour, Loyalty and Merit is a Portuguese order of knighthood and the pinnacle of the Portuguese honours system. It was created by King Afonso V in 1459....
, etc., and wife (m. November 7, 1868) Maria Hermínia de Albuquerque de Mesquita e Paiva (October 15, 1844 – June 7, 1910), daughter of the 2nd Viscount
Viscount
A viscount or viscountess is a member of the European nobility whose comital title ranks usually, as in the British peerage, above a baron, below an earl or a count .-Etymology:...
(formerly Baron
Baron
Baron is a title of nobility. The word baron comes from Old French baron, itself from Old High German and Latin baro meaning " man, warrior"; it merged with cognate Old English beorn meaning "nobleman"...
s) of Oleiros
Oleiros
Oleiros is a municipality in Portugal with a total area of 471.1 km² and a total population of 6,212. The municipality is composed of 12 parishes and is located in the district of Castelo Branco...
, and had:
- Júlio Moreira de Vasconcelos (b. July 15, 1906), a medical doctor, unmarried and without issue
- Maria Teresa Moreira de Vasconcelos, unmarried and without issue
- José Moreira de Vasconcelos (b. May 28, 1910), an engineerEngineerAn engineer is a professional practitioner of engineering, concerned with applying scientific knowledge, mathematics and ingenuity to develop solutions for technical problems. Engineers design materials, structures, machines and systems while considering the limitations imposed by practicality,...
, married to Maria Gabriela de Sampaio e Melo, and had issue:- Maria de Sampaio e Melo de Vasconcelos, unmarried and without issue
- José Maria de Sampaio e Melo de Vasconcelos, unmarried and without issue
- Maria Isabel de Sampaio e Melo de Vasconcelos, unmarried and without issue
- Augusto António de Sampaio e Melo de Vasconcelos, married to Maria Helena do Patrocínio Nogueira
- Maria José de Sampaio e Melo de Vasconcelos, married to José Afonso de Almada Negreiros (b. 1934), son of José Sobral de Almada Negreiros and wife Sarah Afonso
- Maria Micaela de Sampaio e Melo de Vasconcelos, married to politicianPoliticianA politician, political leader, or political figure is an individual who is involved in influencing public policy and decision making...
Raúl Miguel de Oliveira Rosado Fernandes - Maria Teresa de Sampaio e Melo de Vasconcelos, married to José Maria da Fonseca Caldeira Cabral (b. LisbonLisbonLisbon is the capital city and largest city of Portugal with a population of 545,245 within its administrative limits on a land area of . The urban area of Lisbon extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of 3 million on an area of , making it the 9th most populous urban...
, 1942)
- Maria Isabel Moreira de Vasconcelos (b. November 3, 1911), married to Pedro de Sárrea Mascarenhas Gaivão (b. October 20, 1907), without issue